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Atlantis

Atlantis

The Antediluvian World
by Ignatius L. Donnelly 1882 490 pages
3.65
686 ratings
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Key Takeaways

1. Atlantis: The Lost Continent Was the Cradle of Civilization.

This book is an attempt to demonstrate several distinct and novel propositions.

Bold claims. The central thesis is that Atlantis, a large island in the Atlantic, was the original home where humanity first achieved civilization. From this advanced nation, waves of people spread across the globe, bringing knowledge and culture to the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, the Americas, the Mediterranean, Europe, and Africa. This single origin point explains the remarkable similarities found in ancient civilizations worldwide.

Universal memory. Atlantis is proposed as the true Antediluvian world, the Garden of Eden, and the source of universal traditions like the Gardens of the Hesperides and the Elysian Fields. It represents a shared memory of a great land where early humans lived in peace and happiness before a terrible natural disaster. The book aims to prove these propositions by drawing on diverse fields of research.

Solving mysteries. Proving Atlantis's existence and influence would solve many historical puzzles, confirm aspects of Genesis, expand human history, and explain the connections between ancient civilizations on opposite sides of the Atlantic. It would allow us to understand the true ancestors of modern civilization, who flourished ages before known historical empires.

2. Plato's Account of Atlantis is Veritable History, Not Fable.

Plato has preserved for us the history of Atlantis.

Ancient source. The primary historical record of Atlantis comes from Plato, who heard the story from his ancestor Solon, the Athenian lawgiver. Solon learned the account from Egyptian priests in Sais, who possessed ancient written records dating back thousands of years before Greek history. The priests described Atlantis not as a myth, but as a real island and a powerful empire.

Egyptian validation. The Egyptian priests emphasized the antiquity of their own records and contrasted it with the Greeks' lack of ancient history, stating, "O Solon, Solon, you Hellenes are but children, and there is never an old man who is an Hellene." They specifically recounted the history of Atlantis and its war with ancient Athens, confirming it was written down in their sacred registers.

Plausible narrative. Plato's description is presented as a straightforward history of a people with architecture, agriculture, commerce, and a complex society, lacking the fantastical elements common in Greek mythology. The narrative's grounded nature, combined with its purported Egyptian origin and Solon's intention to write a poem about it, supports the idea that it was based on a real tradition, not pure invention.

3. Geological Evidence Confirms a Vast Sunken Landmass in the Atlantic.

Deep-sea soundings have been made by ships of different nations... the result is the revelation of a great elevation, reaching from a point on the coast of the British Islands southwardly to the coast of South America...

Ocean floor revealed. Modern deep-sea soundings have discovered a significant elevation, the "Dolphin's Ridge," running down the center of the Atlantic Ocean. This ridge rises about 9000 feet above the surrounding sea floor and surfaces at points like the Azores, St. Paul's Rocks, Ascension, and Tristan d'Acunha.

Evidence of land. The surface features of this ridge, with its mountains and valleys, suggest it was shaped by erosion above water level, not by underwater deposition or volcanic activity alone. Geologists like J. Starke Gardner believe a large landmass existed west of Europe in the Eocene Period, with current islands being remnants of its peaks.

Ongoing changes. The earth's surface is constantly changing, with land rising and falling over vast areas. The sinking of the Atlantic ridge and the rising of the American and European continents are part of this process. Volcanic activity along this ridge, as seen in the Azores and other islands, supports Plato's account of Atlantis's destruction by convulsion.

4. Shared Flora and Fauna Point to a Prehistoric Land Bridge.

When the animals and plants of the Old and New World are compared, one cannot but be struck with their identity; all or nearly all belong to the same genera, while many, even of the species, are common to both continents.

Transatlantic connections. The presence of identical or closely related animal species (like the cave bear, musk-ox, elk, wolf) and plant species (like magnolias, tulip-trees, plane-trees) in both Europe and America suggests a past land connection. These species could not have crossed the vast ocean unaided.

Origin points. The discovery of the horse's origin in America and the camel's presence on both continents further support the idea of ancient intercontinental migration. The distribution patterns of many species are best explained by a former land bridge or chain of islands facilitating movement.

Cultivated plants. The widespread cultivation of seedless plants like the banana in both tropical Asia and America before Columbus is particularly telling. Such plants require human cultivation to spread, implying ancient, civilized contact across the oceans. The origin of major cereals like wheat, barley, rye, and oats, unknown in their wild state, also points to domestication by a very ancient, advanced civilization.

5. Universal Deluge Legends Record Atlantis's Cataclysmic End.

The result authorizes us to affirm the story of the Deluge to be a universal tradition among all branches of the human race, with the one exception, however, of the black.

Global memory. Traditions of a great flood are found among diverse cultures worldwide, including Hebrews, Chaldeans, Iranians, Greeks, and various American peoples. This near-universal memory suggests a real, catastrophic event that occurred early in human history, before major racial dispersions.

Atlantis connection. Plato explicitly links "the great deluge of all" to the destruction of Atlantis. Many flood legends contain details that align with Plato's account and geological evidence, such as:

  • Sudden, violent destruction ("in a single day")
  • Mountains sinking into water
  • The sea becoming muddy and impassable
  • Survival of a few individuals in a vessel

Beyond rain. While the Biblical account emphasizes rain, other versions, like the Chaldean and Central American, describe a more violent cataclysm involving earthquakes, thunder, lightning, and rising waters that engulfed the land. These details resonate with the volcanic destruction of an island continent.

6. Old and New World Civilizations Share Striking, Non-Accidental Similarities.

If we find on both sides of the Atlantic precisely the same arts, sciences, religious beliefs, habits, customs, and traditions, it is absurd to say that the peoples of the two continents arrived separately, by precisely the same steps, at precisely the same ends.

Parallel development questioned. The argument that similar needs lead to similar inventions is insufficient to explain the vast number of identical cultural traits found across the Atlantic. If independent invention were the norm, we would expect greater diversity in solutions to common problems.

Civilization is inherited. Civilization is not easily achieved or spontaneously generated; it is typically passed down or adopted from more advanced cultures. Savage tribes historically remain savage unless influenced by external civilization. The complex, shared traits between ancient American and Old World cultures suggest a common source or prolonged contact.

Converging evidence. The multitude of shared elements across architecture, metallurgy, religion, customs, and even folk-lore points strongly to a single origin point from which these cultural traits radiated. This origin point, given the geographical distribution and traditions, is proposed to be Atlantis.

7. Identical Arts, Customs, and Beliefs Span Both Sides of the Atlantic.

The embalmment of the body was also practised in Central America and among the Aztecs.

Shared practices. Numerous specific customs and arts are found in both ancient America and the Old World, often with striking similarities in form and underlying belief. These include:

  • Pyramidal architecture and mound building
  • Metallurgy (copper, bronze, gold, silver)
  • Embalming the dead for resurrection
  • Belief in immortality, heaven, and hell
  • Confession, penance, and baptism
  • Vestal virgins and monastic orders
  • Sun, moon, and planet worship
  • Use of incense and sacrifice (initially fruits/flowers)
  • Divination from entrails and bird flight
  • Belief in giants, demons, and fairies
  • The "Couvade" custom (father takes to bed after childbirth)
  • Scalping enemies and preserving heads
  • Specific games and musical instruments

Beyond coincidence. The sheer volume and specificity of these shared traits, many of which are not universally necessary or intuitive (like embalming or the Couvade), make independent invention highly improbable. Their presence across geographically separated cultures strongly indicates diffusion from a common source.

Religious and social structures. The parallels extend beyond material arts to fundamental social and religious structures, including organized priesthoods, caste systems, and specific marriage and burial rites. This suggests a deep, shared cultural heritage originating from a single, influential civilization.

8. Ancient Alphabets and Languages Share a Common Atlantean Root.

It is a surprising fact that we find in Central America a phonetic alphabet.

The alphabet mystery. The origin of the phonetic alphabet, a cornerstone of civilization, is unknown in the Old World, tracing back only to the archaic forms of the Phoenicians and Egyptians. Both cultures attributed its invention to ancient, sometimes deified, figures.

Maya connection. The discovery of a phonetic alphabet among the Mayas of Central America, who claimed their civilization came from the East across the sea, provides a crucial link. Analysis reveals striking similarities between Maya glyphs and letters in ancient Phoenician, Egyptian, Hebrew, and Greek alphabets.

Shared forms and sounds. Specific letter forms and their corresponding sounds show remarkable parallels:

  • Maya 'h' resembles archaic Greek and Hebrew 'h'.
  • Maya 'o' is a circle, like Phoenician and Egyptian 'o'.
  • Maya 'n' (serpent form) matches Egyptian and Phoenician serpent glyphs for 'n'.
  • Maya 'k' (serpent with convolution) is identical to the Egyptian glyph for 'k'.
  • Maya 't' (cross form) matches ancient Phoenician and Punic 't'.
  • Maya 'q' (double circle form) resembles Egyptian and Phoenician 'q'.

Linguistic evidence. Beyond alphabets, linguistic analysis suggests deeper connections. The Chiapenec language (a Maya branch) shows remarkable similarities to Hebrew. Recent research indicates Quichua and Aimara (South America) have affinities with both Aryan and Semitic roots, suggesting a common, older source language.

9. The European Bronze Age Was an Import from Atlantis.

The absence of implements made either of copper or tin seems to me to indicate that the art of making bronze was introduced into, not invented in, Europe.

Bronze Age puzzle. The European Bronze Age, characterized by the widespread use of copper-tin alloy tools and weapons, lacks evidence of a preceding Copper or Tin Age. This suggests the technology was imported, not developed locally.

American copper age. In contrast, America, particularly around Lake Superior, shows extensive evidence of a long Copper Age, with large-scale ancient mining operations. This points to America, or a region connected to it, as a potential source for metal technology.

Atlantean source. The Bronze Age artifacts found across Europe (Ireland, Denmark, Switzerland, Italy) are remarkably uniform in style and composition, suggesting a single source of manufacture and trade. This source could not have been the later Iron Age civilizations (Romans, Greeks, Phoenicians). Plato's description of Atlantis as a metal-working, commercial nation with vast fleets trading across the ocean aligns perfectly with the requirements for the source of the European Bronze Age.

10. Old World Mythologies Deify Atlantean Kings and History.

The history of Atlantis is the key of the Greek mythology.

Human gods. Greek gods were not creators but rulers, exhibiting human traits, emotions, and engaging in battles and relationships. They dwelt on an island mountain in the far west, later destroyed by a flood, aligning with Plato's description of Atlantis.

Atlantean pantheon. The twelve Olympian gods likely represent the deified kings of Atlantis, particularly Poseidon and his descendants. Their stories reflect the history, geography, and culture of Atlantis, such as Poseidon's association with horses and the sea, and Zeus's rule over a prosperous but ultimately sinful people.

Shared divine lineage. The gods of other ancient nations, like the Phoenician El, Chronos, and Atlas, and the Egyptian Thoth, share names and attributes with Greek deities and Atlantean figures. This suggests a common origin for the pantheons of these cultures, rooted in the historical rulers of Atlantis.

11. Atlantis Established Colonies Across America, Europe, and Africa.

The western shores of Atlantis were not far distant from the West India Islands; a people possessed of ships could readily pass from island to island until they reached the continent.

Global reach. Atlantis, as a powerful maritime empire, established colonies across the Atlantic and in the Old World. Traditions and archaeological evidence support settlements in:

  • Central America/Mexico (Aztlan, Toltecs, Mayas)
  • Mississippi Valley (Mound Builders)
  • Peru/Bolivia (Quichuas, Aimaras)
  • Iberia (Basques)
  • North Africa (Berbers, Egyptians)
  • Ireland (Formorians, Tuatha-de-Dananns)

Shared traits persist. These colonies retained significant cultural, linguistic, and even physical traits of the parent civilization, explaining the widespread similarities in architecture (pyramids, mounds, round towers), customs (embalming, couvade), and beliefs (flood legends, sun worship, alphabet use).

Migration patterns. The distribution of these cultures suggests expansion from Atlantis: westward across the Atlantic to the Americas, and eastward across connecting ridges or by sea to North Africa and Europe. The decline or destruction of Atlantis likely led to the isolation and independent development (and sometimes decline) of these scattered colonies.

12. Genesis and Other Ancient Texts Preserve Memories of Atlantis.

Even in the history of the Creation we find these similarities.

Echoes of Eden. The Biblical account of the Garden of Eden, with its four rivers and primeval happiness, mirrors descriptions of Atlantis and the mythical paradises of other cultures. The story of the Fall and subsequent expulsion from Eden may reflect a memory of the moral decline and destruction of Atlantis.

Babel and giants. The Tower of Babel legend, found in similar forms in Mexican traditions (the pyramid of Cholula), suggests a shared memory of a gigantic construction project by an ancient, unified people, possibly related to escaping a flood or reaching the heavens (mountain/pyramid). The mention of "giants in those days" in Genesis aligns with American legends of ancient giant races, perhaps referring to the imposing stature or capabilities of the Atlanteans.

Shared narratives. Numerous specific parallels exist between Genesis narratives and American legends, including creation accounts, the temptation/fall, and the Deluge. These shared stories, along with common customs and linguistic roots, point to a deep, prehistoric connection between the peoples of the Old and New Worlds, originating from a common source like Atlantis.

Last updated:

Review Summary

3.65 out of 5
Average of 686 ratings from Goodreads and Amazon.

Atlantis: The Antediluvian World receives mixed reviews. Some readers find it fascinating, praising Donnelly's extensive research and compelling arguments for Atlantis as the origin of ancient civilizations. Others criticize its outdated science, racist undertones, and far-fetched conclusions. The book is noted for its historical significance in popularizing Atlantis theories and influencing later works. While some appreciate its comparative mythology and cultural insights, others find it tedious and pseudoscientific. Overall, it remains a controversial but influential work in the realm of alternative history.

Your rating:
4.28
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About the Author

Ignatius Loyola Donnelly was a prominent 19th-century American politician and writer. As a U.S. Congressman from Minnesota, he served from 1863 to 1868. Donnelly was known for his involvement in populist politics, including writing the preamble for the People's Party's Omaha Platform in 1892. He ran for governor of Minnesota multiple times and was nominated for Vice President by the People's Party in 1900. Beyond politics, Donnelly gained fame as a science writer, particularly for his theories on Atlantis, Shakespearean authorship, and Catastrophism. His work on Atlantis became one of the best-selling books of the 19th century, cementing his reputation as a influential, if controversial, figure in alternative historical research.

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