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Because Internet

Because Internet

Understanding the New Rules of Language
by Gretchen McCulloch 2019 334 pages
4.05
11k+ ratings
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Key Takeaways

1. The Internet Has Transformed Language and Communication

"Language is the ultimate participatory democracy. To put it in technological terms, language is humanity's most spectacular open source project."

Digital Language Revolution. The internet has fundamentally transformed how we communicate, creating a new ecosystem of language that is dynamic, collaborative, and constantly evolving. Unlike traditional written communication, internet language is fluid, immediate, and reflects real-time social interactions.

Key characteristics of internet language:

  • Informal and conversational
  • Quickly adaptable
  • Allows for rapid linguistic innovation
  • Breaks traditional writing constraints
  • Enables global communication

Technological Impact. The internet has shifted our understanding of language from a static, book-bound concept to a living, networked system. Just as the printing press transformed communication centuries ago, digital platforms are reshaping how we create, share, and understand language in real-time.

2. Internet Language Reflects Generational Differences

"Your experience of the internet and the language therein is shaped by who you were and who else was around at the time you joined."

Generational Internet Cohorts. The book identifies distinct groups of internet users based on when and how they first engaged with online communication:

  • Old Internet People (early adopters, tech-savvy)
  • Full Internet People (social media pioneers)
  • Semi Internet People (cautious adopters)
  • Pre Internet People (late adopters)
  • Post Internet People (digital natives)

Linguistic Adaptation. Each group develops unique communication styles, reflecting their technological exposure and social context. Younger generations tend to be more fluid and experimental with language, while older groups might retain more traditional communication patterns.

Social Learning. Language adaptation is fundamentally a social process, with peers and online communities playing crucial roles in shaping communication styles and linguistic innovations.

3. Informal Writing Becomes a New Form of Expression

"We're no longer content to leave full communication only to channels that allow faces and voices. We demand that our writing also be capable of fully expressing what we want to say and, most crucially, how we're saying it."

Emergence of Digital Informality. Internet communication has created a new genre of writing that is spontaneous, expressive, and unfiltered. Unlike formal writing, digital communication allows for immediate, emotionally nuanced expression.

Characteristics of informal digital writing:

  • Rapid, real-time communication
  • Emoji and visual expressions
  • Creative typography
  • Abbreviated language
  • Context-rich communication

Linguistic Creativity. Digital platforms enable people to experiment with language, creating new forms of expression that go beyond traditional writing constraints. This includes creative respellings, memes, and innovative punctuation.

4. Emoji and Digital Gestures Are a New Language Layer

"Emoji aren't a language, they're humanity's most spectacular open source gesture system."

Emoji as Communication. Emoji function similarly to physical gestures, providing additional layers of meaning beyond written text. They serve as a new form of non-verbal communication in digital spaces.

Gesture-like Functions of Emoji:

  • Convey emotional context
  • Provide non-verbal cues
  • Create solidarity
  • Express complex feelings
  • Reduce communication ambiguity

Cultural Evolution. Emoji represent a new form of global communication that transcends traditional language barriers, allowing people to express emotions and ideas more dynamically and universally.

5. Typographical Choices Convey Emotional Nuance

"When we lay a book down and come back to it, we expect all its ink to stay where you left it, but the only languages that stay unchanging are the dead ones."

Typography as Emotional Language. Digital communication allows for sophisticated emotional expression through typographical choices like capitalization, punctuation, and formatting.

Typographical Tone Indicators:

  • Capitalization for emphasis
  • Lowercase for irony
  • Repeated letters for emotional intensity
  • Strategic punctuation
  • Minimalist formatting

Communication Complexity. Typographical choices provide subtle emotional cues that complement textual content, allowing for more nuanced and layered communication.

6. Social Networks Shape Linguistic Evolution

"People tend to talk like their neighbors rather than like TV and radio broadcasters."

Network-Driven Language Change. Linguistic evolution is increasingly driven by social network interactions, with geographical and demographic factors playing crucial roles in language development.

Linguistic Spread Mechanisms:

  • Peer-to-peer language transmission
  • Social media as communication platform
  • Weak and strong social ties
  • Demographic influence on language

Digital Language Mapping. Social media and digital platforms provide unprecedented opportunities to track and understand how language changes across different communities.

7. Memes Are Cultural Atoms of Internet Communication

"Memes are an atom of internet culture, and if you don't get this, then you aren't."

Memes as Cultural Currency. Internet memes are more than just jokes—they're complex cultural artifacts that represent shared understanding, humor, and social belonging.

Meme Characteristics:

  • Remixable and shareable
  • Community-defining
  • Rapidly evolving
  • Signaling cultural literacy
  • Representing collective creativity

Social Functionality. Memes serve as a means of communication, social bonding, and cultural commentary, functioning as a unique form of digital folklore.

8. Digital Communication Breaks Traditional Language Boundaries

"Language's only known predator is other people: many languages have been stamped out or imposed on others through war or conquest."

Linguistic Democratization. Digital platforms enable more diverse linguistic expressions, challenging traditional language hierarchies and providing platforms for marginalized languages and communication styles.

Digital Language Impact:

  • Global language mixing
  • Reduced language barriers
  • More inclusive communication
  • Rapid linguistic innovation
  • Preservation of linguistic diversity

Future of Communication. The internet represents a transformative force in human communication, creating new possibilities for linguistic creativity and cultural exchange.

Last updated:

Review Summary

4.05 out of 5
Average of 11k+ ratings from Goodreads and Amazon.

Because Internet explores how online communication has transformed language. McCulloch examines internet slang, emojis, memes, and typographical conventions, arguing that these changes reflect natural linguistic evolution rather than degradation. She categorizes internet users by generation and analyzes how different groups communicate online. Reviewers praise McCulloch's enthusiasm and insights, finding the book both entertaining and informative. Some critics felt certain sections were superficial or overly positive. Overall, readers appreciated the book's non-judgmental approach to internet language and its accessible exploration of linguistics.

Your rating:

About the Author

Gretchen McCulloch is an internet linguist who studies online language. She writes the Resident Linguist column for Wired and previously wrote for The Toast. McCulloch holds a master's degree in linguistics from McGill University and runs the blog All Things Linguistic. She co-hosts Lingthusiasm, a podcast about linguistics, and lives in Montreal. McCulloch's work focuses on how the internet has shaped language evolution, particularly in English. Her expertise in internet linguistics allows her to analyze and explain emerging communication trends and their cultural significance. McCulloch's writing style is noted for its accessibility and enthusiasm for the subject matter.

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