Cracked it! How to solve big problems and sell solutions like top strategy consultants

1. Effective problem-solving requires a structured approach to avoid common pitfalls

"A way of seeing is also a way of not seeing."

Avoid biases and traps. Problem-solving is prone to cognitive biases and pitfalls that can lead to ineffective solutions. Common traps include:

• Flawed problem definition: Misidentifying the core issue
• Solution confirmation: Seeking evidence to support a preconceived solution
• Wrong framework: Applying inappropriate mental models or analytical tools
• Narrow framing: Limiting the scope of potential solutions
• Miscommunication: Failing to convey the solution effectively

To overcome these pitfalls, problem solvers must adopt a disciplined, structured approach that challenges assumptions, considers multiple perspectives, and rigorously tests potential solutions.

2. The 4S Method: State, Structure, Solve, and Sell for comprehensive problem-solving

"To solve big problems and sell solutions like top strategy consultants, you need a disciplined and generalizable problem-solving method and a set of useful tools for each step of the process."

Master the 4S framework. The 4S Method provides a comprehensive approach to problem-solving:

1. State: Define the problem accurately
2. Structure: Break down the problem into manageable components
3. Solve: Analyze and develop solutions
4. Sell: Communicate and persuade stakeholders

This method integrates analytical and creative thinking, ensuring a thorough exploration of the problem space and potential solutions. By following these steps, problem solvers can navigate complex challenges systematically and develop effective, actionable solutions.

3. Stating the problem accurately is crucial for finding the right solution

"A problem well posed is half-solved."

Use TOSCA for clarity. Accurately defining the problem is fundamental to finding the right solution. The TOSCA framework helps articulate the problem statement:

• Trouble: What makes this problem real and present?
• Owner: Whose problem is this?
• Success criteria: What will success look like, and when?
• Constraints: What are the limitations on the solution space?
• Actors: Who has a say in how we solve this problem?

By addressing these elements, problem solvers can create a clear, actionable problem statement that guides subsequent analysis and solution development. This step is crucial for avoiding the common pitfall of solving the wrong problem or addressing symptoms rather than root causes.

4. Structuring the problem using hypothesis pyramids or issue trees

"Frameworks are the workhorses of business reasoning."

Choose the right structuring tool. Structuring complex problems is essential for effective analysis and solution development. Two primary approaches are:

1. Hypothesis Pyramids:

   • Start with a potential solution and break it down into supporting hypotheses
   • Useful when you have a strong candidate solution to test
   • Risk of confirmation bias if not carefully managed

2. Issue Trees:

   • Break down the problem into component issues without assuming a solution
   • More open-ended and less prone to bias
   • Requires more effort to develop comprehensively

Both approaches should aim for MECE (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive) breakdowns. Selecting the appropriate structuring tool depends on the problem's nature and your level of certainty about potential solutions.

5. Solving complex problems may require design thinking and empathy

"Empathy is the foundation of design thinking."

Embrace human-centered design. For complex, ill-defined problems, traditional analytical approaches may fall short. Design thinking offers an alternative path:

1. Empathize: Understand users' needs and experiences
2. Define: Synthesize insights to frame the problem
3. Ideate: Generate diverse solution concepts
4. Prototype: Create tangible representations of ideas
5. Test: Gather feedback and refine solutions

This approach is particularly effective for problems that are:

• Human-centered
• Complex and uncertain
• Difficult to state precisely
• Resistant to traditional analytical methods

By focusing on empathy and iterative solution development, design thinking can uncover innovative solutions that address users' needs more effectively.

6. Generate, prototype, and test innovative solutions through iterative processes

"Fail often to succeed sooner."

Embrace experimentation. Innovative problem-solving often requires generating multiple potential solutions and testing them rapidly. Key principles include:

• Divergent thinking: Generate a wide variety of ideas without judgment
• Rapid prototyping: Create low-fidelity representations of solutions quickly
• Iterative testing: Gather user feedback and refine solutions continuously

Techniques for idea generation:

• Analogical thinking
• Brainstorming and brainwriting
• SCAMPER (Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to other uses, Eliminate, Reverse)

By embracing an iterative, experimental approach, problem solvers can discover and refine solutions that may not have been apparent through purely analytical methods.

7. Sell your solution effectively with a compelling storyline and presentation

"Telling the story of the search isn't the same as telling the story of the solution."

Craft a persuasive narrative. Developing an effective solution is only half the battle; you must also convince stakeholders to adopt it. Key principles for selling your solution include:

1. Use the Pyramid Principle:

   • Start with the core message (governing thought)
   • Support with key line arguments
   • Provide detailed supporting evidence

2. Choose between grouping and argument structures:

   • Grouping: Present parallel reasons supporting the core message
   • Argument: Build a logical sequence leading to the conclusion

3. Develop a modular presentation:

   • Create an executive summary
   • Use storyline pages to introduce sections
   • Design content pages with clear, action-oriented titles

4. Visualize data effectively:

   • Use appropriate chart types for different analyses
   • Keep charts simple and focused on the key message

By crafting a clear, compelling storyline and supporting it with well-designed visual aids, you can effectively communicate your solution and drive stakeholder buy-in.

Last updated: January 22, 2025