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Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions

Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions

by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2017 63 pages
4.51
85k+ ratings
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Key Takeaways

1. Embrace Feminism as Unconditional Equality

"Your feminist premise should be: I matter. I matter equally. Not 'if only'. Not 'as long as'. I matter equally. Full stop."

Unconditional equality. Feminism is not about conditional female equality or female superiority. It's about the fundamental belief that women and men are inherently equal. This premise should be the foundation for all interactions and decisions in life.

Rejecting Feminism Lite. Avoid the trap of "Feminism Lite," which suggests that men are naturally superior but should treat women well. This mindset perpetuates inequality and undermines true feminist values. Instead, advocate for full equality in all aspects of life, including:

  • Career opportunities
  • Domestic responsibilities
  • Decision-making power
  • Social expectations

2. Reject Gender Roles and Stereotypes

"Because you are a girl' is never a reason for anything. Ever."

Challenge societal norms. Actively question and reject gender roles that limit potential and perpetuate inequality. These roles are socially constructed and can be changed. Encourage children to explore interests and activities based on their individual preferences, not societal expectations.

Promote gender-neutral parenting. Apply this principle in various aspects of child-rearing:

  • Toys: Offer a diverse range of toys, not limited by gender stereotypes
  • Clothing: Allow children to choose clothes based on comfort and personal taste
  • Activities: Encourage participation in sports, arts, and other pursuits regardless of gender
  • Household chores: Assign tasks based on ability and fairness, not gender

3. Foster Self-Reliance and Identity

"Teach her self-reliance. Tell her that it is important to be able to do for herself and fend for herself."

Empower independence. Encourage self-reliance in all aspects of life, from practical skills to emotional resilience. This fosters confidence and prepares children to navigate the world effectively.

Cultivate a strong sense of identity. Help children develop a positive self-image that includes:

  • Cultural pride: Teach them to embrace their heritage while critically examining cultural practices
  • Individual strengths: Recognize and nurture their unique talents and abilities
  • Personal values: Help them develop their own ethical framework
  • Diverse role models: Expose them to inspiring figures from various backgrounds

4. Teach Critical Thinking and Language Awareness

"Teach her to question language. Language is the repository of our prejudices, our beliefs, our assumptions."

Develop linguistic awareness. Help children understand the power of language in shaping perceptions and reinforcing biases. Encourage them to critically analyze the words they hear and use.

Question societal norms. Teach children to examine common phrases, assumptions, and practices through a critical lens. This includes:

  • Analyzing media messages
  • Questioning traditional sayings and proverbs
  • Examining historical narratives
  • Challenging gender-biased language in everyday conversations

5. Prioritize Education and Love of Learning

"Teach Chizalum to read. Teach her to love books. The best way is by casual example."

Foster a love for reading. Cultivate a passion for learning through books and diverse educational experiences. This provides children with knowledge, empathy, and the tools to understand and question the world around them.

Encourage curiosity. Promote a lifelong love of learning by:

  • Leading by example: Let children see you reading and learning
  • Creating a print-rich environment: Surround them with books and educational materials
  • Engaging in discussions: Talk about ideas from books and current events
  • Supporting their interests: Provide resources for exploring their passions

6. Emphasize Bodily Autonomy and Healthy Sexuality

"Tell her that her body belongs to her and her alone, that she should never feel the need to say yes to something she does not want, or something she feels pressured to do."

Promote bodily autonomy. Teach children that they have the right to make decisions about their own bodies. This includes the power to say no to unwanted touch or activities.

Discuss sexuality openly. Have honest, age-appropriate conversations about sex and relationships. Key points to cover:

  • Consent and boundaries
  • Emotional and physical health
  • Respect for oneself and others
  • Accurate biological information
  • Healthy relationship dynamics

7. Encourage Authenticity Over Likeability

"Teach her to reject likeability. Her job is not to make herself likeable, her job is to be her full self, a self that is honest and aware of the equal humanity of other people."

Prioritize authenticity. Encourage children to be true to themselves rather than conforming to please others. This fosters self-respect and genuine relationships.

Balance kindness and assertiveness. Teach children to be:

  • Kind and considerate of others' feelings
  • Honest about their own thoughts and feelings
  • Willing to stand up for themselves and others
  • Able to set healthy boundaries
  • Comfortable with being disliked for the right reasons

8. Redefine Beauty and Challenge Societal Norms

"Let her know that there are many individuals and many cultures that do not find the narrow mainstream definition of beauty attractive."

Expand beauty standards. Help children understand that beauty is diverse and subjective. Challenge narrow, mainstream beauty ideals that often prioritize specific body types, skin colors, or features.

Promote body positivity. Encourage a healthy relationship with one's body by:

  • Focusing on health and functionality rather than appearance
  • Celebrating diversity in body types and features
  • Challenging media representations of beauty
  • Encouraging physical activity for enjoyment and health, not appearance
  • Avoiding negative self-talk about bodies

9. Promote Equal Partnerships in Relationships

"Teach her that if you criticize X in women but do not criticize X in men, then you do not have a problem with X, you have a problem with women."

Model equality in relationships. Demonstrate and discuss the importance of equal partnerships in romantic relationships and marriages. This includes shared decision-making, financial responsibility, and domestic duties.

Challenge double standards. Teach children to recognize and question gender-based double standards in relationships, such as:

  • Expectations around household chores
  • Career sacrifices for family
  • Emotional labor and nurturing roles
  • Sexual behavior and reputation

10. Cultivate a Supportive Community

"Surround her with a village of aunties, women who have qualities you'd like her to admire."

Create a diverse support network. Expose children to a variety of positive role models who embody the values and qualities you want to instill. This "village" should include:

  • Strong, accomplished women in various fields
  • Men who challenge traditional gender roles
  • People from diverse cultural backgrounds
  • Individuals who have overcome adversity

Encourage mentorship. Foster relationships with mentors who can provide guidance, support, and inspiration. These connections can help children:

  • Develop new skills and interests
  • Gain confidence and self-esteem
  • Navigate challenges and setbacks
  • Envision diverse future possibilities for themselves

Last updated:

FAQ

What's "Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions" about?

  • Letter to a Friend: The book is an expanded version of a letter written by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to a friend who asked for advice on raising her daughter as a feminist.
  • Fifteen Suggestions: It offers fifteen practical suggestions for raising a child with feminist values, aiming to create a fairer world for both women and men.
  • Contextual Feminism: Adichie emphasizes that feminism is contextual and not a one-size-fits-all approach, encouraging readers to adapt the suggestions to their own circumstances.
  • Personal Experience: The author draws from her own experiences and observations, making the advice both personal and universally applicable.

Why should I read "Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions"?

  • Practical Advice: The book provides actionable advice for parents and guardians on how to instill feminist values in children.
  • Insightful Perspective: It offers a nuanced view of feminism, emphasizing equality and the rejection of traditional gender roles.
  • Empowering Message: Adichie's suggestions aim to empower both parents and children to challenge societal norms and embrace individuality.
  • Cultural Relevance: The book addresses cultural and societal issues, making it relevant for readers from diverse backgrounds.

What are the key takeaways of "Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions"?

  • Be a Full Person: Mothers should not define themselves solely by motherhood but should also pursue their own interests and careers.
  • Reject Gender Roles: Teach children that gender roles are nonsensical and encourage them to explore their interests freely.
  • Feminism Lite: Avoid conditional equality and embrace full equality between men and women.
  • Teach Critical Thinking: Encourage children to question language, societal norms, and cultural practices.

How does Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie define feminism in "Dear Ijeawele"?

  • Contextual Approach: Adichie views feminism as contextual, without rigid rules, but guided by the principle of equality.
  • Two Feminist Tools: She introduces two tools: the premise that "I matter equally" and the question of whether reversing a situation yields the same results.
  • Rejects Feminism Lite: She criticizes the idea of conditional equality, where women are seen as equal only under certain conditions.
  • Empowerment and Equality: Feminism is about empowering individuals to live authentically and ensuring equal opportunities for all genders.

What are some of the best quotes from "Dear Ijeawele" and what do they mean?

  • "I matter equally. Full stop.": This quote emphasizes the fundamental belief in one's equal worth, without conditions or exceptions.
  • "Teach her to reject likeability.": Adichie advises against prioritizing being liked over being true to oneself, highlighting the importance of authenticity.
  • "Gender roles are absolute nonsense.": This statement challenges traditional gender roles, advocating for freedom from societal expectations based on gender.
  • "Teach her to love books.": Encouraging a love for reading is seen as a way to broaden one's understanding and critical thinking skills.

How does "Dear Ijeawele" address the concept of gender roles?

  • Nonsense of Gender Roles: Adichie argues that gender roles are arbitrary and should not dictate what individuals can or cannot do.
  • Encourages Exploration: Children should be encouraged to explore interests and activities without being limited by gender expectations.
  • Cooking and Domestic Skills: She points out that skills like cooking are life skills, not gender-specific roles, and should be learned by everyone.
  • Cultural Conditioning: The book highlights how societal norms condition individuals from a young age to conform to gender roles.

What is "Feminism Lite" according to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie?

  • Conditional Equality: Feminism Lite refers to the idea of conditional female equality, where women are seen as equal only under certain conditions.
  • Problematic Language: It uses language like "allowing" women to do things, which implies male superiority and control.
  • Rejects True Equality: Feminism Lite is criticized for relying on male benevolence rather than advocating for genuine equality.
  • Empowerment Over Benevolence: Adichie argues for a feminism that empowers women based on their inherent worth, not on men's permission.

How does "Dear Ijeawele" suggest parents talk to children about sex?

  • Start Early: Adichie advises starting conversations about sex early to remove shame and stigma.
  • Honest Discussions: Parents should discuss sex as a natural part of life, emphasizing consent and emotional consequences.
  • Proper Terminology: Use correct biological terms for body parts to avoid confusion and shame.
  • Empowerment Through Knowledge: Teach children that their bodies belong to them and that they have the right to say no.

What role does language play in "Dear Ijeawele"?

  • Language as Prejudice Repository: Language reflects societal prejudices and assumptions, and questioning it is crucial for change.
  • Avoiding Loaded Terms: Adichie suggests avoiding terms like "princess" that carry gendered assumptions.
  • Critical Language Use: Teach children to question language that reinforces stereotypes or diminishes their worth.
  • Empowerment Through Words: Language should empower individuals and reflect their equal humanity.

How does "Dear Ijeawele" address the issue of marriage?

  • Not an Achievement: Marriage should not be seen as an achievement or a goal for women to aspire to.
  • Equal Partnership: The book advocates for marriage as an equal partnership, not a hierarchical relationship.
  • Name and Identity: Women should have the choice to keep their names, and societal pressure to change names should be challenged.
  • Cultural Conditioning: Adichie highlights how cultural norms place undue importance on marital status for women.

What does "Dear Ijeawele" say about teaching children to embrace difference?

  • Normalize Difference: Teach children that difference is a normal part of the world and should be respected.
  • Diverse World Preparation: Understanding and accepting difference equips children to thrive in a diverse world.
  • Reject Universal Standards: Encourage children to form opinions based on informed and humane perspectives, not on universalizing their experiences.
  • Respect for All Paths: Teach that different life paths are valid as long as they do no harm to others.

How does "Dear Ijeawele" suggest parents handle their child's appearance and body image?

  • Encourage Physical Activity: Promote sports and physical activities to combat body-image insecurities.
  • Reject Appearance-Based Morality: Avoid linking clothing choices to morality; focus on taste and personal expression.
  • Affirm Diverse Beauty: Create alternatives to mainstream beauty standards and affirm the child's unique beauty.
  • Challenge Hair Norms: Redefine what is considered "neat" for hair, avoiding painful and restrictive grooming practices.

Review Summary

4.51 out of 5
Average of 85k+ ratings from Goodreads and Amazon.

Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions is widely praised for its accessible and powerful approach to feminism. Readers appreciate Adichie's clear, pragmatic advice on raising feminist daughters, covering topics like gender roles, body image, and equality. Many find the book quotable and impactful, with several highlighting its relevance for both parents and non-parents alike. Some readers note the book's simplicity as both a strength and weakness, while a few criticize its lack of trans-inclusive language. Overall, the book is highly recommended for its concise yet profound insights on feminism.

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About the Author

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a renowned Nigerian author whose work has been translated into over 30 languages. She has written several acclaimed novels, including Purple Hibiscus, Half of a Yellow Sun, and Americanah, winning numerous awards. Adichie is also known for her influential TED Talks, particularly "The Danger of A Single Story" and "We Should All Be Feminists," which sparked global conversations about feminism. Her most recent book, Dear Ijeawele, was published in 2017. A MacArthur Foundation Fellowship recipient, Adichie divides her time between the United States and Nigeria, continuing to write and speak on important social issues.

Other books by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

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