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Feminism for the 99%

Feminism for the 99%

A Manifesto
by Cinzia Arruzza 2019 85 pages
4.03
7k+ ratings
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Key Takeaways

1. Feminism for the 99% rejects corporate feminism and calls for a radical transformation

"We have no interest in breaking the glass ceiling while leaving the vast majority to clean up the shards."

Rejecting "lean-in" feminism. This new feminist wave aims to dismantle the capitalist system that perpetuates gender oppression, rather than simply advocating for more women in positions of power. It recognizes that true liberation cannot be achieved within the existing economic and social structures.

Advocating for systemic change. Feminism for the 99% calls for:

  • Addressing the needs of poor and working-class women
  • Fighting against racism and xenophobia
  • Opposing economic exploitation and environmental destruction
  • Championing the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals and people with disabilities

This approach seeks to unite diverse struggles under a common anticapitalist banner, recognizing that gender oppression intersects with other forms of systemic inequality.

2. Capitalism exploits social reproduction, creating a crisis of care

"Social reproduction is therefore a feminist issue. But it is shot through at every point by the fault lines of class, race, sexuality, and nation."

Understanding social reproduction. This concept encompasses the activities necessary to sustain human life and society, including:

  • Childrearing and family care
  • Education and healthcare
  • Maintaining communities and social bonds
  • Reproducing the workforce for capitalist production

The crisis of care. Capitalism systematically undervalues and exploits this essential work:

  • Women perform the majority of unpaid care labor
  • Public support for social services is continuously cut
  • The "two-earner family" model increases the burden on women
  • Commodification of care work leads to precarious, low-paid jobs

This crisis disproportionately affects women, especially those from marginalized communities, creating a cycle of exploitation and inequality.

3. Gender violence is rooted in capitalism's social and economic structures

"Capitalism tries to regulate sexuality. We want to liberate it."

Systemic nature of gender violence. Under capitalism, gender violence is not an aberration but a structural condition:

  • Intimate partner violence reflects contradictions in family and personal life
  • Workplace harassment stems from economic and professional vulnerability
  • Sexual assault is weaponized to maintain social control and racial hierarchies

Inadequacy of current responses. Conventional approaches fail to address the root causes:

  • Carceral feminism disproportionately targets marginalized communities
  • Market-based solutions like microcredit increase women's dependence on creditors
  • Both approaches ignore the need for economic autonomy and social support

A comprehensive approach must tackle the interconnected forms of violence perpetuated by capitalism, including economic, state, and environmental violence.

4. Liberal feminism fails to address systemic inequalities and serves corporate interests

"Liberal feminism supplies the perfect alibi for neoliberalism."

Limitations of liberal feminism. This approach:

  • Focuses on individual advancement within existing structures
  • Promotes a market-centered view of equality
  • Ignores socioeconomic constraints faced by most women
  • Outsources oppression to less privileged women (e.g., migrant caregivers)

Corporate co-optation. Liberal feminism has been weaponized to:

  • Provide cover for regressive neoliberal policies
  • Promote "diversity" without challenging fundamental inequalities
  • Valorize individual success stories while ignoring systemic issues
  • Legitimize imperialist interventions in the name of women's rights

This form of feminism ultimately serves to maintain the status quo, benefiting a small elite while leaving the majority of women behind.

5. Anticapitalist feminism must unite with other social movements for collective liberation

"Feminism for the 99 percent calls on all radical movements to join together in a common anticapitalist insurgency."

Building alliances. This approach seeks to unite with:

  • Environmental movements
  • Anti-racist and anti-imperialist struggles
  • Labor unions and workers' rights organizations
  • LGBTQ+ rights advocates
  • Movements for public services and social housing

Overcoming divisions. By focusing on shared anticapitalist goals, this feminism aims to:

  • Bridge the gap between "identity politics" and "class politics"
  • Recognize the interconnectedness of various forms of oppression
  • Build solidarity across diverse communities and experiences
  • Create a broad-based global insurgency against capitalism

This strategy recognizes that gender liberation cannot be achieved in isolation but requires a fundamental transformation of society as a whole.

6. Capitalism's ecological crisis disproportionately affects women and marginalized communities

"The climate change now threatening the planet is a direct outgrowth of capital's historic resort to fossilized energy in order to power its signature mass-production industrial factories."

Gendered impacts of environmental destruction. Women, especially in the Global South, bear the brunt of ecological crises:

  • 80% of climate refugees are women
  • Women are responsible for the majority of agricultural labor and household resource management
  • Poor women of color are disproportionately affected by environmental racism

Women-led environmental activism. Examples include:

  • Water Protectors fighting against pipeline construction
  • Struggles against privatization of water and seeds
  • Movements for sustainable farming and biodiversity preservation

These movements demonstrate the inseparability of ecological and social justice, challenging the capitalist logic that prioritizes profit over planetary and human well-being.

7. Feminist internationalism opposes imperialism and promotes true democracy

"To the state bureaucrats and financial managers, both male and female, who purport to justify their warmongering by claiming to liberate brown and black women, we say: Not in our name."

Rejecting imperialist feminism. This approach:

  • Opposes the use of women's rights to justify military interventions
  • Challenges the notion that women in power automatically advance feminist goals
  • Recognizes the harm done to women by war, occupation, and economic exploitation

Promoting global solidarity. Feminist internationalism seeks to:

  • Build connections between women's struggles across borders
  • Challenge the global economic order that perpetuates inequality
  • Support democratic movements against authoritarian regimes
  • Advocate for the rights of migrants and refugees

This vision of feminism recognizes that true liberation requires dismantling not only patriarchy but also the imperialist and capitalist structures that sustain global inequalities.

8. The feminist strike movement revives militant activism and expands the concept of labor

"By making visible the indispensable role played by gendered, unpaid work in capitalist society, it draws attention to activities from which capital benefits, but for which it does not pay."

Reinventing the strike. The new feminist strike movement:

  • Combines workplace actions with marches, demonstrations, and boycotts
  • Withdraws both paid and unpaid labor, including domestic work and emotional labor
  • Connects struggles for workers' rights with broader social issues

Expanding labor politics. This approach:

  • Challenges the traditional divide between workplace and "private" issues
  • Highlights the importance of social reproduction in sustaining capitalism
  • Unites diverse forms of resistance against neoliberal attacks on public services

By broadening the concept of labor and strike action, this movement creates new possibilities for challenging capitalist exploitation and building solidarity across different sectors of society.

9. Racism and colonialism are integral to capitalism and must be fought alongside sexism

"A feminism that is truly anti-racist and anti-imperialist must also be anticapitalist."

Historical roots of racial capitalism. The system relies on:

  • Colonial plunder and enslavement
  • Ongoing expropriation of racialized communities
  • Global division of labor based on racial hierarchies

Contemporary manifestations. Racism and imperialism persist through:

  • Debt-fueled land grabs in the Global South
  • Hyper-exploitation of racialized workers
  • Disproportionate impacts of austerity on communities of color
  • Use of racist and xenophobic rhetoric to divide the working class

Anticapitalist feminism must actively challenge these structures, recognizing that gender liberation cannot be achieved without dismantling racial and colonial oppression.

10. Capitalism regulates sexuality, necessitating a broader vision of sexual liberation

"Capitalism tries to regulate sexuality. We want to liberate it."

Capitalist control of sexuality. This manifests through:

  • Enforcing gender binarism and heteronormativity
  • Commodifying sexual expression and identity
  • Co-opting LGBTQ+ rights for corporate and imperialist agendas
  • Fueling reactionary backlashes against sexual liberation

Towards true sexual freedom. Anticapitalist feminism advocates for:

  • Liberation from normative family forms and gender roles
  • Challenging the commercialization of sexuality and relationships
  • Supporting diverse forms of kinship and community
  • Ensuring material conditions that enable genuine sexual autonomy

This approach recognizes that true sexual liberation requires not only legal rights but also the transformation of social and economic structures that constrain human relationships and self-expression.

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FAQ

What's "Feminism for the 99%: A Manifesto" about?

  • Core Argument: The book argues for a feminism that serves the vast majority of women, not just the privileged few. It critiques liberal feminism for aligning with capitalist interests.
  • Anticapitalist Stance: It promotes an anticapitalist feminism that seeks to dismantle the structures of capitalism that perpetuate gender inequality.
  • Global Movement: The manifesto is inspired by global feminist strikes and movements that challenge both patriarchy and capitalism.
  • Intersectional Approach: It emphasizes the interconnectedness of gender, race, class, and environmental issues in the fight for equality.

Why should I read "Feminism for the 99%"?

  • Critical Perspective: It offers a critical perspective on mainstream feminism, highlighting its limitations and proposing a more inclusive approach.
  • Global Relevance: The book addresses global issues, making it relevant for understanding feminism in a worldwide context.
  • Activist Inspiration: It serves as a call to action for those interested in feminist activism and social justice.
  • Theoretical Insight: Provides a theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between capitalism and gender oppression.

What are the key takeaways of "Feminism for the 99%"?

  • Reject Liberal Feminism: The book argues that liberal feminism is insufficient and often complicit with capitalist structures.
  • Embrace Anticapitalist Feminism: It advocates for a feminism that challenges capitalism and seeks systemic change.
  • Intersectionality is Crucial: Emphasizes the importance of addressing race, class, and environmental issues alongside gender.
  • Global Solidarity: Calls for international solidarity among feminists and other social justice movements.

How do the authors define "Feminism for the 99%"?

  • Inclusive Feminism: It is a feminism that serves the needs of the vast majority, not just the elite.
  • Anticapitalist Approach: It seeks to dismantle capitalist structures that perpetuate inequality.
  • Intersectional Focus: Addresses the interconnectedness of various forms of oppression, including race, class, and gender.
  • Global Movement: Inspired by international feminist strikes and movements challenging both patriarchy and capitalism.

What criticisms do the authors have of liberal feminism?

  • Complicity with Capitalism: Liberal feminism is criticized for aligning with capitalist interests and focusing on individual advancement.
  • Meritocracy Over Equality: It is seen as promoting meritocracy rather than true equality, benefiting only a privileged few.
  • Neglect of Socioeconomic Issues: The authors argue that liberal feminism ignores the socioeconomic constraints that affect the majority of women.
  • Outsourcing Oppression: It allows privileged women to "lean in" by leaning on the labor of less privileged women.

What is the significance of the feminist strikes mentioned in the book?

  • Repoliticizing Women's Day: The strikes have revived the historical roots of International Women’s Day in working-class and socialist feminism.
  • Global Movement: They have become a transnational movement, uniting women across different countries and cultures.
  • New Forms of Strikes: The strikes have expanded the concept of labor to include unpaid work, such as housework and caregiving.
  • Solidarity and Power: Demonstrate the political potential of women’s power and the importance of solidarity in feminist activism.

How do the authors connect capitalism to gender oppression?

  • Subordination of Reproduction: Capitalism subordinates social reproduction to production for profit, reinforcing gender oppression.
  • Exploitation and Expropriation: Women’s labor, both paid and unpaid, is exploited and undervalued in capitalist societies.
  • Crisis of Care: Neoliberal capitalism exacerbates crises in social reproduction, stretching women’s capacities to the breaking point.
  • Intersectional Oppression: Capitalism intertwines gender oppression with race, class, and other forms of domination.

What role does social reproduction play in the authors' argument?

  • Essential Work: Social reproduction is vital for sustaining human life and labor power, yet it is undervalued in capitalist societies.
  • Gendered Labor: This work is largely performed by women and is often unpaid or underpaid.
  • Crisis Point: Neoliberal policies have intensified the crisis of social reproduction, leading to a depletion of social capacities.
  • Site of Struggle: Social reproduction is a key site of struggle for feminist movements seeking systemic change.

What solutions do the authors propose for achieving gender justice?

  • Anticapitalist Feminism: They advocate for a feminism that challenges and seeks to dismantle capitalist structures.
  • Global Solidarity: Emphasize the importance of building alliances with other social justice movements, including anti-racist and environmental groups.
  • Redefining Work: Call for a redefinition of what counts as work, including unpaid and reproductive labor.
  • Systemic Change: Propose a massive reorganization of society to prioritize people-making over profit-making.

How do the authors address the issue of gender violence?

  • Systemic Condition: Gender violence is seen as a systemic condition rooted in capitalist social relations.
  • Beyond Carceral Solutions: They reject carceral feminism and market-based solutions, advocating for systemic change instead.
  • Intersectional Approach: Emphasize the interconnectedness of gender violence with other forms of capitalist violence, such as economic and state violence.
  • Comprehensive Fight: Call for a comprehensive fight against all forms of violence in capitalist society.

What is the authors' stance on sexual liberation?

  • Critique of Sexual Liberalism: They critique sexual liberalism for being tied to capitalist norms and failing to achieve true liberation.
  • Beyond Binary Choices: Reject both sexual reaction and sexual liberalism, advocating for a more radical liberation.
  • Material Bases: Argue that true sexual liberation requires a noncapitalist society that supports diverse family and personal associations.
  • Reviving Radical Spirit: Seek to revive the radical spirit of past liberation movements, such as the Stonewall uprising.

What is the relationship between capitalism and ecological crisis according to the authors?

  • Capitalism's Exploitation of Nature: Capitalism treats natural resources as infinite and free, leading to ecological destabilization.
  • Women on the Front Lines: Women are disproportionately affected by ecological crises and are often at the forefront of environmental struggles.
  • Integrated Struggles: Advocate for integrated struggles that connect ecological issues with social justice and anti-capitalist movements.
  • Eco-Socialist Vision: Propose an eco-socialist vision that links the liberation of women with the preservation of the planet.

Review Summary

4.03 out of 5
Average of 7k+ ratings from Goodreads and Amazon.

Feminism for the 99%: A Manifesto receives mixed reviews. Many praise its concise critique of capitalism and call for intersectional, anti-racist, and eco-socialist feminism. Readers appreciate its bold vision and accessibility. However, some criticize its academic language, lack of concrete solutions, and overly broad anti-capitalist stance. Several reviewers note it may not be truly accessible to the "99%" it aims to reach. Overall, it's seen as a thought-provoking manifesto that challenges liberal feminism and advocates for a more inclusive, radical approach.

Your rating:

About the Author

Cinzia Arruzza is an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the New School for Social Research. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of Rome Tor Vergata and has studied at universities in Switzerland and Germany. Her research focuses on ancient metaphysics, political thought, feminist theory, and Marxism. Arruzza is currently working on two projects: a monograph about tyranny in Plato's Republic and a research project exploring gender, capitalism, social reproduction, and Marx's critique of political economy. Her diverse academic background informs her approach to feminist theory and its intersections with economic and political systems.

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