From Miniskirt to Hijab

1. A Bicultural Upbringing Amidst Political Turmoil

My bicultural upbringing in the upper-middle-class northern Tehran community of Yousefabad was evident in our home’s décor.

East meets West. Jacqueline's childhood was a blend of Persian and English cultures, reflected in her home's decor and her parents' traditions. This unique upbringing, however, was set against the backdrop of a rapidly changing Iran, where Western influences were increasingly questioned.

Privileged life. Growing up in a wealthy neighborhood, Jacqueline enjoyed a comfortable life, attending an elite school and traveling abroad. This privilege, however, made her increasingly aware of the stark contrasts between her world and the lives of those less fortunate.

Growing tensions. As political tensions rose, Jacqueline sensed a growing unease in Iranian society, a conflict between modernism and tradition that would eventually erupt into revolution. This created a sense of instability and uncertainty, even within her privileged world.

2. The Contrasting Worlds of Privilege and Poverty

Through our maids, I also learned salutations and protocols of the Islamic faith and got a glimpse of their lifestyles.

Class divide. Jacqueline's interactions with her family's maids provided a stark contrast to her own privileged life. These women, from poorer districts and rural areas, represented a more traditional and religious segment of Iranian society.

Cultural clashes. The maids' values often clashed with the Westernized lifestyle embraced by Jacqueline's family and the Shah's regime. This created a sense of unease and highlighted the deep divisions within Iranian culture.

Contradictions. The sight of girls in miniskirts walking alongside women in chadors became a daily reminder of the contradictions in Iranian society. Jacqueline felt the tremors of unease, loving citizens who belonged to two different worlds, separated by an uncrossable boundary.

3. The Shah's Downfall and the Rise of Religious Rule

Iran, because of the great leadership of the Shah, is an island of stability in one of the most troubled areas of the world.

President Carter's misjudgment. Despite President Carter's praise, Iran was far from stable. Growing discontent with the Shah's autocratic rule and Western ties fueled a powerful opposition movement.

Ayatollah Khomeini's influence. Ayatollah Khomeini, in exile, became the symbol of unity for the opposition. His sermons and teachings resonated with a broad sector of society, promising a utopia free from Western influence.

Revolutionary fervor. The Shah's departure marked the end of 2,500 years of monarchy in Iran. The country was swept up in revolutionary fervor, with the clergy gaining increasing power and influence.

4. Navigating Love and Marriage in Revolutionary Iran

I was impressed with Ebi’s accomplishments, mannerisms, and body language.

A blossoming romance. Amidst the political turmoil, Jacqueline found love with Ebi, a medical resident. Their relationship offered a sense of hope and stability in an increasingly uncertain world.

Engagement. Despite the chaos, Jacqueline and Ebi got engaged, committing to a future together in Iran. Their decision reflected a mix of optimism and a desire to maintain some semblance of normalcy.

A Jewish wedding. Their wedding, a small and simple affair, took place on an auspicious day in the Shia calendar, highlighting the complex interplay of religious and cultural traditions in revolutionary Iran.

5. Life Under the Veil: Restrictions and Resilience

Sister, guard your hijab” (Khahar, hijabat ra re’ayat kon) had become a commonplace slogan in the media and in wall graffiti.

Imposition of hijab. The new regime's emphasis on Islamic values led to the imposition of hijab, a head covering for women. This restriction symbolized the changing social and political landscape.

Loss of freedom. Jacqueline, who had once enjoyed the freedom to dress as she pleased, now had to navigate a world of strict dress codes and moral policing. This loss of personal freedom was a constant reminder of the revolution's impact.

Finding ways to cope. Despite the restrictions, Jacqueline found ways to maintain her sense of self and connect with others. She taught English privately, formed friendships with other women, and sought refuge in the privacy of her home.

6. The Shadow of War: Fear and Loss in Daily Life

The Iraqis have invaded our country via air and land. The war has begun!

The Iran-Iraq War. The outbreak of war with Iraq brought a new level of fear and uncertainty to Iranian society. Air raids, casualties, and economic hardship became a part of daily life.

Martyrdom. The regime promoted martyrdom as a virtue, encouraging young men to volunteer for the front lines. This glorification of death created a sense of unease and highlighted the human cost of the war.

Constant anxiety. Jacqueline and her family lived under the constant threat of air raids, forced to take shelter in basements and endure sleepless nights. The war cast a long shadow over their lives, adding to the sense of instability and fear.

7. Seeking an Exit: The Desperate Hope for Freedom

I will find a way to get us out of here.

Limited options. As the situation in Iran deteriorated, Jacqueline and Ebi began to explore ways to leave the country. However, their options were limited due to travel restrictions and their status as a religious minority.

The dream of America. The possibility of immigrating to America offered a glimmer of hope for a better future. Ebi's brother in the United States provided a potential lifeline, but the path to freedom was fraught with obstacles.

A stroke of luck. Through a connection with a former student, Ebi managed to obtain permission to travel abroad for a medical course. This opportunity offered a chance to escape the restrictions and dangers of revolutionary Iran.

8. Leaving Everything Behind: A Heartbreaking Farewell

We are going to end up at the bottom of the valley, half a mile below.

A dangerous journey. The family's journey to Tehran, to prepare for their departure, was fraught with danger, including a near-fatal car accident. This incident highlighted the risks and uncertainties of life in Iran.

Saying goodbye. Saying farewell to family and friends was a heartbreaking experience. Jacqueline and Ebi knew that they were leaving behind everything they had known, with no guarantee of ever returning.

A final glimpse. As they drove to the airport, Jacqueline took one last look at the streets of Tehran, a city that held both cherished memories and painful reminders of the revolution's impact.

9. The Weight of the Past, the Uncertainty of the Future

May God bless you! Go in safety, and just leave.

A new beginning. Despite the sadness of leaving, Jacqueline and Ebi felt a sense of hope as they boarded the plane. They were embarking on a new chapter in their lives, with the promise of freedom and opportunity.

Leaving behind a legacy. The decision to leave was not easy, as it meant abandoning their heritage and community. However, they knew that it was the best choice for their children's future.

Uncertainty. As the plane took off, Jacqueline looked back at Iran, a land of both beauty and turmoil. She carried with her the weight of the past, but also the hope for a brighter future in an unknown land.

Last updated: April 15, 2025