Godless

1. The author's journey from devout Christian minister to atheist

I did not lose my faith—I gave it up purposely. The motivation that drove me into the ministry—to know and speak the truth—is the same that drove me out.

Gradual transformation. Dan Barker's journey from evangelical preacher to atheist activist was not sudden, but a gradual process of questioning and reevaluation. Over several years, he moved across the theological spectrum, from fundamentalism to liberal Christianity, and finally to atheism.

Intellectual honesty. The author's transition was driven by a commitment to truth and intellectual honesty. As he studied philosophy, science, and biblical criticism, he found the evidence for Christianity lacking and the arguments against it compelling. This process was emotionally difficult, as it meant leaving behind a worldview that had given his life meaning and purpose.

Personal and professional consequences. Barker's deconversion had significant personal and professional ramifications:

• He had to leave his career as a minister and Christian musician
• He faced rejection from many friends and colleagues
• His marriage ended due to religious differences
• However, he also found new purpose in promoting freethought and reason

2. The lack of external historical evidence for Jesus

Not a single word about Jesus appears outside of the New Testament in the entire first century, even though many writers documented firsthand the early Roman Empire in great detail, including careful accounts of the time and place where Jesus supposedly taught.

Absence of contemporary accounts. Despite the purported impact of Jesus' ministry, there are no contemporary accounts of his life or teachings from non-Christian sources. This silence is particularly striking given the well-documented nature of the Roman Empire during this period.

Late and questionable sources. The earliest non-Christian references to Jesus date from decades after his supposed death:

• Josephus (c. 93-94 CE): His brief mention of Jesus is widely considered to be a later Christian interpolation
• Tacitus (c. 116 CE): Provides only second-hand information about Christian beliefs, not historical facts about Jesus
• Pliny the Younger (c. 112 CE): Mentions Christian worship practices, but nothing about a historical Jesus

Problematic Gospel accounts. The Gospels, written decades after Jesus' supposed life, contain numerous contradictions and historical inaccuracies. They cannot be considered reliable historical documents, but rather theological narratives shaped by later Christian beliefs.

3. Biblical contradictions and discrepancies

People who are free of theological bias notice that the bible contains hundreds of discrepancies.

Inconsistent narratives. The Bible contains numerous contradictions in its historical accounts, genealogies, and theological teachings. Some examples include:

• Conflicting creation stories in Genesis
• Differing accounts of Jesus' birth and resurrection
• Contradictory genealogies of Jesus in Matthew and Luke
• Inconsistent moral teachings between the Old and New Testaments

Textual variations. Biblical scholars have identified thousands of textual variants among early manuscripts of the New Testament, indicating that the text has been altered and edited over time.

Historical inaccuracies. Many events described in the Bible are not supported by archaeological or historical evidence, such as:

• The Exodus from Egypt
• The conquest of Canaan
• The census that supposedly brought Mary and Joseph to Bethlehem

These contradictions and inaccuracies challenge the notion of biblical inerrancy and divine inspiration, suggesting instead that the Bible is a human document reflecting diverse theological perspectives and historical contexts.

4. The moral shortcomings of the Bible and its God

If there were something dangerous about picking up sticks on the weekend, then humanity should know it by now. Since we all agree that such an act in itself is harmless, then whoever executes a person for committing such a "crime" is an immoral person.

Biblical atrocities. The Old Testament depicts God commanding or condoning numerous atrocities, including:

• Genocide of entire populations
• Slavery and sexual slavery
• Capital punishment for minor offenses (e.g., working on the Sabbath)
• Animal and human sacrifice

Problematic moral teachings. Many biblical teachings are at odds with modern ethical standards:

• Endorsement of patriarchy and misogyny
• Approval of corporal punishment for children
• Condemnation of homosexuality
• Concept of eternal punishment in hell

Divine caprice. The biblical God often appears capricious, jealous, and vengeful, contradicting claims of omnibenevolence. His actions frequently violate the moral standards he imposes on humans, raising questions about the coherence of divine command theory.

5. The natural origins of morality and ethics

If morality means anything, it means that we are accountable to others. Christians believe that we are accountable not to people, but to God. Since God is nonexistent, then they are accountable to no one.

Evolutionary basis. Morality and ethics have evolved as adaptive behaviors that promote social cooperation and group survival. Key moral intuitions, such as empathy and fairness, are observed across cultures and even in some non-human animals.

Cultural development. Specific moral norms and ethical systems have developed through cultural evolution, reflecting the needs and values of different societies. This explains the diversity of moral beliefs across cultures and historical periods.

Rational foundations. Ethical principles can be derived through reason and empirical observation, considering the consequences of actions on human well-being. Philosophical frameworks like utilitarianism and social contract theory provide non-religious bases for moral reasoning.

6. The psychology of belief and the power of indoctrination

We freethinkers want to do the opposite. That's why I love debates, and my new "calling."

Childhood indoctrination. Religious beliefs are often instilled at a young age, when children are most susceptible to accepting authority figures' claims without question. This early indoctrination can create deep-seated emotional attachments to religious ideas that persist into adulthood.

Cognitive biases. Various cognitive biases contribute to the persistence of religious beliefs:

• Confirmation bias: Seeking information that confirms existing beliefs
• In-group bias: Favoring one's own religious group
• Attribution bias: Attributing positive events to divine intervention
• Pattern recognition: Seeing meaning in random events

Social and emotional factors. Religion often provides:

• A sense of community and belonging
• Comfort in the face of death and suffering
• A framework for understanding the world
• A source of meaning and purpose

These psychological and social factors make religious beliefs resistant to change, even in the face of contradictory evidence.

7. The importance of critical thinking and skepticism in matters of faith

If faith is valid, then anything goes. Muslims believe in Allah by faith, so they must be right. The Hindus are right. The Greeks and Romans were right.

Questioning authority. Critical thinking involves questioning claims and examining evidence, rather than accepting ideas based on authority or tradition. This approach is essential for evaluating religious claims objectively.

Applying skepticism. Skepticism towards extraordinary claims should be applied consistently, including to religious beliefs. The same standards of evidence used in other areas of life should be applied to religious claims.

Overcoming cognitive biases. Awareness of cognitive biases and logical fallacies can help individuals evaluate religious arguments more objectively. Common fallacies in religious reasoning include:

• Appeal to authority
• Argument from ignorance
• Circular reasoning
• Cherry-picking evidence

By cultivating critical thinking skills, individuals can make more informed decisions about their beliefs and worldviews.

8. The compatibility of atheism with a meaningful and moral life

I am convinced that life has been much richer and happier since I was healed of the religious delusion.

Meaning without God. Atheists can find meaning and purpose in life through:

• Personal relationships and love
• Pursuit of knowledge and understanding
• Creative expression and artistic endeavors
• Contributing to the well-being of others and society
• Appreciation of the natural world

Secular ethics. Atheists can develop strong moral foundations based on:

• Empathy and compassion for others
• Reason and critical thinking
• Consideration of the consequences of actions
• Universal human rights and dignity

Positive atheism. Many atheists report greater life satisfaction after leaving religion:

• Freedom from guilt and fear of divine punishment
• Increased appreciation for the preciousness of life
• Greater sense of personal responsibility for one's actions
• Openness to scientific understanding of the world

The author's personal journey demonstrates that leaving religion can lead to a more fulfilling, ethical, and meaningful life, contrary to common misconceptions about atheism.

Last updated: January 23, 2025