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How to Be Less Stupid About Race

How to Be Less Stupid About Race

On Racism, White Supremacy, and the Racial Divide
by Crystal Marie Fleming 2018 240 pages
4.28
2k+ ratings
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Key Takeaways

1. Racial stupidity pervades society, reinforcing white supremacy

White supremacy wants you to look at four hundred years of uninterrupted racial terror and conclude "Things aren't so bad."

Pervasive ignorance. Racial stupidity refers to illogical, ahistorical claims about race and racism, denial of racial oppression, and beliefs in racial superiority. This ignorance is not accidental but deliberately maintained by power structures to preserve white dominance.

Systemic problem. White supremacy is a system of power that channels material resources to people defined as white. It's embedded in major institutions, economic systems, and cultural norms. The majority of citizens have never seriously studied racial history or current realities of oppression, allowing harmful myths and stereotypes to persist.

Historical roots. Modern ideas of race and white supremacy emerged gradually between the 16th-19th centuries to justify European colonialism and exploitation. Though relatively recent in human history, these concepts have profoundly shaped social, economic, and political systems worldwide.

2. Critical race theory exposes systemic racism and white privilege

Critical race theory is kryptonite for the myth of color-blindness and helps cut through the bullshit of postracial propaganda by specifying the role of social institutions (especially laws and legal practices) in reproducing racism.

Legal framework. Critical race theory emerged in the 1970s as legal scholars grappled with persistent racism after de jure segregation. It examines how laws and institutions perpetuate racial inequality, even without overt discrimination.

Key concepts:

  • Racism is ordinary, not aberrational
  • Race is socially constructed, not biological
  • Whiteness functions as a form of property
  • Interest convergence: racial progress occurs when it benefits whites
  • Intersectionality: multiple forms of oppression intersect and compound

Challenging color-blindness. CRT rejects claims that racism is over or confined to individual prejudice. It reveals how "race-neutral" policies can reinforce racial hierarchies and how apparently progressive measures often fail to address root causes of inequality.

3. Black women's voices are crucial for understanding intersectional oppression

Listening to black women means coming to terms with white women's racism.

Unique perspectives. Black women experience overlapping forms of marginalization due to both race and gender. Their insights are essential for understanding how different systems of oppression interconnect and reinforce each other.

Historical contributions. Black feminists like Sojourner Truth, Ida B. Wells, and the Combahee River Collective have long articulated the specific challenges faced by black women, often marginalized in both anti-racist and feminist movements.

Intersectionality in practice:

  • Addressing wage gaps that disproportionately affect women of color
  • Recognizing unique health disparities and medical racism
  • Confronting stereotypes and discrimination in education and employment
  • Centering black trans women in discussions of violence against black communities

4. Obama's presidency revealed the persistence of racial inequality

Obama went out of his way to prove his "non-threatening Negro" bona fides in 2008 when he distanced himself from Jeremiah Wright, then pastor of his church, Trinity United, in that famous Philadelphia speech, the one that moved wealthy white Democrats to tears.

Symbolic progress. Obama's election was hailed as a post-racial milestone, but his presidency exposed ongoing racial divisions and inequalities in American society.

Constrained by race. Obama often avoided directly addressing racism, instead emphasizing personal responsibility and "colorblind" policies. This approach appealed to white voters but failed to confront systemic racial issues.

Policy limitations:

  • Increased deportations and border militarization
  • Expanded drone warfare and surveillance
  • Bailed out Wall Street while many communities of color struggled economically
  • Limited response to racial justice movements like Black Lives Matter

5. Trump's election exposed the normalization of white supremacy

Trump speaks for so many white Americans because he centers what sociologist Joe Feagin has called the white racial frame, a wide range of racist "stereotypes, prejudices, ideologies, images, interpretations . . . narratives, emotions and . . . inclinations to discriminate" that whites mobilize to justify and maintain the racial order.

Not an aberration. Trump's overt racism and support from white nationalists revealed how deeply entrenched white supremacist attitudes remain in American society.

Broad appeal. Trump won majorities across white demographic groups, regardless of education or income level. This demonstrates how racial resentment can override class interests.

Dog-whistle politics:

  • Equating "law and order" with suppression of racial justice protests
  • Promoting xenophobic immigration policies
  • Using racially coded language about "inner cities" and "thugs"
  • Amplifying conspiracy theories with racist undertones

6. Media perpetuates racial stereotypes and misinformation

Given the prevalence of fake racial news and white supremacist reporting across the mainstream press, is it any wonder that Breitbart and other cesspools of white nationalist dogma have found eager audiences for falsified crime statistics depicting blacks and other people of color as natural born criminals?

Biased representation. News media consistently overrepresent people of color as criminals and underrepresent white offenders. This distortion reinforces harmful stereotypes and justifies discriminatory policies.

Lack of diversity. Newsrooms remain overwhelmingly white, especially in leadership positions. This limits perspectives and perpetuates blind spots in coverage of racial issues.

False equivalencies:

  • Framing white supremacist views as just another "side" of debate
  • Downplaying systemic racism by focusing on individual acts
  • Normalizing extremist positions through excessive coverage
  • Failing to provide historical context for racial conflicts

7. Interracial relationships don't automatically solve racism

I hate to be the one to break it to you, but we're not going to end white supremacy by "hugging it out." And we're certainly not going to fuck our way out of racial oppression. That's not how power works.

Beyond individual connections. While interracial relationships can foster understanding, they don't inherently challenge systemic racism or power imbalances.

Complexities of intimacy. Interracial couples must navigate societal prejudices, internalized biases, and differing lived experiences of race. Simply being in a relationship doesn't guarantee racial awareness or antiracist action.

Challenges:

  • Fetishization and exoticization of racial "others"
  • Colorblind attitudes that minimize racial realities
  • Pressure on partners of color to educate or represent their entire race
  • Family tensions and societal disapproval

8. Becoming racially literate requires ongoing education and action

There is no quick fix for racism. Go back and read that sentence. Then tell a friend. There's! No! Quick! Fix! None.

Lifelong process. Challenging racism requires continuous learning, self-reflection, and active engagement. It's not enough to simply declare oneself "not racist."

Concrete steps:

  • Study critical race theory and the history of racial oppression
  • Amplify voices of people of color, especially in decision-making spaces
  • Examine one's own racial socialization and implicit biases
  • Support organizations working for racial justice
  • Confront racism in personal relationships and institutions

Beyond awareness. While education is crucial, it must be paired with action to dismantle racist structures and redistribute resources. This involves personal growth, collective organizing, and systemic change.

Last updated:

FAQ

What's How to Be Less Stupid about Race about?

  • Focus on Racial Ignorance: The book examines the widespread racial ignorance in American society, highlighting how individuals are socialized into harmful beliefs about race.
  • Critical Race Theory: It introduces critical race theory as a tool to understand systemic racism and white supremacy, emphasizing that racism is a system of power, not just individual prejudice.
  • Personal Journey: Author Crystal Marie Fleming shares her transformation from racial naiveté to a critic of white supremacy, using humor, memoir, and empirical evidence.

Why should I read How to Be Less Stupid about Race?

  • Educational Value: The book offers a clear education on race, racism, and white supremacy, making complex issues accessible to readers.
  • Engaging Style: Fleming's humor and personal anecdotes make the book engaging and relatable, enhancing the learning experience.
  • Call to Action: It encourages readers to confront their racial ignorance and provides steps to become more racially literate and active in fighting racial oppression.

What are the key takeaways of How to Be Less Stupid about Race?

  • Racial Stupidity Defined: Fleming describes "racial stupidity" as illogical or inaccurate claims about race, highlighting its prevalence.
  • Systemic Racism: The book emphasizes that racism is systemic, embedded in institutions, and not just about individual attitudes.
  • Listening to Black Women: It stresses the importance of centering black women's voices in discussions about race for their critical insights.

What are the best quotes from How to Be Less Stupid about Race and what do they mean?

  • “We are surrounded by racial stupidity.”: This quote underscores the book's argument about the pervasive racial ignorance in society.
  • “Racism is systemic, pervasive, and embedded within the core of all of our major institutions.”: It highlights that racism is a structural issue requiring collective action.
  • “Listen to Black women.”: This call to action emphasizes the need to prioritize black women's experiences and insights in racial discussions.

What is critical race theory as discussed in How to Be Less Stupid about Race?

  • Framework for Understanding: CRT is presented as essential for understanding systemic racism and how laws and institutions perpetuate racial inequalities.
  • Historical Context: It emerged post-civil rights movement to address persistent racism after de jure segregation ended.
  • Intersectionality: The book discusses intersectionality within CRT, showing how racism intersects with other oppressions like sexism and classism.

How does How to Be Less Stupid about Race address the Obama era?

  • Racial Politics Under Obama: Fleming critiques Obama's administration, noting that while symbolic of progress, it often failed to tackle systemic racism.
  • Postracial Myth: The book challenges the myth that racism was overcome with Obama's election, highlighting ongoing racial issues.
  • Critique of Neoliberalism: It points out how Obama's policies often favored corporate interests over marginalized communities, perpetuating inequalities.

What is colorblind racism as defined in How to Be Less Stupid about Race?

  • Denial of Racism: Colorblind racism is the belief that ignoring race eliminates racism, which actually perpetuates ignorance and systemic inequalities.
  • Subtle Forms of Racism: It allows racist attitudes to persist without overt acknowledgment, often through coded language.
  • Impact on Social Justice: This approach undermines efforts for racial justice by failing to address discrimination's root causes.

How does How to Be Less Stupid about Race define systemic racism?

  • Collective Practices: Systemic racism involves practices and representations disadvantaging certain racial groups, beyond individual prejudice.
  • Institutionalized Power: It is embedded in institutions, laws, and policies, making it a pervasive societal issue.
  • Historical Context: Fleming links systemic racism to historical injustices, showing how past actions shape current inequalities.

What steps does How to Be Less Stupid about Race suggest for becoming racially literate?

  • Education and Awareness: Readers are encouraged to learn about racism's history and realities, emphasizing critical thinking.
  • Engagement with Diverse Voices: Actively listening to marginalized communities, especially black women, is crucial for understanding racial issues.
  • Challenging Racial Ignorance: The book urges confronting personal racial ignorance and engaging in difficult conversations about race.

How does How to Be Less Stupid about Race critique the media's portrayal of race?

  • Misrepresentation of Issues: Mainstream media often misrepresents racial issues, focusing on individual acts rather than systemic problems.
  • Normalization of Racism: The media normalizes racist narratives and stereotypes, contributing to public ignorance about systemic racism.
  • Call for Accountability: Fleming calls for media outlets to provide accurate, nuanced representations of race and racism.

How does How to Be Less Stupid about Race connect racism to other forms of oppression?

  • Intersectionality: The book uses intersectionality to show how racism intersects with other oppressions like sexism and classism.
  • Collective Struggles: Addressing racism requires acknowledging its links to other social justice issues, advocating for equality and justice for all marginalized groups.
  • Empowerment through Solidarity: It encourages building coalitions among different movements to amplify voices and create significant change.

What role does humor play in How to Be Less Stupid about Race?

  • Coping Mechanism: Humor is used to address serious topics, making difficult conversations more accessible and engaging.
  • Critique of Racist Humor: Fleming critiques the normalization of racist jokes, highlighting their role in perpetuating stereotypes.
  • Encouraging Reflection: Humor invites readers to reflect on their responses to racial jokes, challenging complicity in racist discourse.

Review Summary

4.28 out of 5
Average of 2k+ ratings from Goodreads and Amazon.

How to Be Less Stupid About Race receives mostly positive reviews for its insightful examination of racism and white supremacy. Readers appreciate Fleming's personal anecdotes, academic research, and calls to action. Many find it eye-opening and challenging, praising its accessible writing style and comprehensive approach. Some criticize the author's tone and language, while others feel certain arguments lack substantiation. Overall, reviewers recommend it as an important read for those seeking to understand and combat systemic racism, though a few suggest other books as better introductions to the topic.

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About the Author

Crystal Marie Fleming is a sociologist, writer, and associate professor at Stony Brook University. She holds degrees from Wellesley College and Harvard University, specializing in racism research in the U.S. and abroad. Fleming contributes to various publications on race, sexuality, and politics, including The Root, Black Agenda Report, and Vox. She has a significant social media following and is the author of "Resurrecting Slavery: Racial Legacies and White Supremacy in France." Her academic background and personal experiences inform her work on racial issues, making her a respected voice in the field of critical race theory and social justice.

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