Now Write! Screenwriting

1. Master the art of storytelling through character development and dialogue

Characters are best defined through action, and in screenwriting in particular it is very important to find visual ways to convey character because, with the exception of using voice-over, it is very difficult to get inside a character's head and know what he or she is thinking.

Create multidimensional characters. Develop characters with clear goals, credibility, and the ability to inspire empathy. Go beyond surface-level descriptions and delve into their backstories, motivations, and inner conflicts. Use techniques like character biographies, diaries, and metaphorical relationships to flesh out your characters and make them come alive on the page.

Craft authentic dialogue. Write dialogue that sounds natural and reveals character traits, rather than simply conveying information. Pay attention to the rhythm and flow of conversations, and use subtext to add depth to your characters' interactions. Incorporate nonverbal communication and actions to complement the spoken words, creating a more dynamic and engaging script.

• Techniques for developing characters:
  • Write character biographies
  • Create character diaries
  • Explore metaphorical relationships
• Tips for writing authentic dialogue:
  • Listen to real conversations
  • Use subtext and nonverbal cues
  • Avoid on-the-nose dialogue

2. Craft compelling scenes that drive the narrative forward

Every scene has to be dramatic. If it doesn't turn, it doesn't belong in the script.

Focus on conflict and tension. Each scene should serve a purpose in advancing the story or revealing character. Identify the central conflict or goal for each scene and ensure that it contributes to the overall narrative arc. Use techniques like the "Character/Action Grid" to map out the objectives and actions of each character within a scene.

Create visual storytelling. Remember that screenwriting is a visual medium. Use action lines and descriptions to paint a vivid picture of the scene without overwriting. Incorporate visual metaphors and symbolism to convey emotions and themes without relying solely on dialogue.

• Elements of a compelling scene:
  • Clear objectives for each character
  • Rising tension or conflict
  • Visual storytelling elements
  • Subtext and layered meanings
• Techniques for scene analysis:
  • Use the "Character/Action Grid"
  • Identify the scene's purpose in the overall narrative
  • Evaluate the visual and emotional impact

3. Utilize structure and theme to create a cohesive screenplay

Story structure is not a formula, though it is frequently taught as such. In my workshops I describe structure as an immutable paradigm through which to explore our hero's transformation.

Embrace flexible structure. While understanding traditional three-act structure is important, don't let it constrain your creativity. Use structural tools like the "Creative Compass" to explore different possibilities for your story's direction. Focus on creating a compelling character arc that aligns with your theme and drives the narrative forward.

Develop a strong theme. Your screenplay's theme should be the underlying message or idea that ties everything together. Use techniques like the "Emotional Outline" to ensure that each scene contributes to the overall theme and emotional journey of your characters. Incorporate visual and dialogue-based metaphors to reinforce your theme throughout the script.

• Structural elements to consider:
  • Three-act structure (or variations)
  • Character arc
  • Turning points and plot twists
• Thematic development techniques:
  • Use the "Emotional Outline"
  • Incorporate visual and dialogue metaphors
  • Ensure each scene supports the theme

4. Embrace revision as a crucial part of the screenwriting process

Revision is where the real writing begins.

Approach revision systematically. Once you've completed your first draft, take a step back and analyze your script objectively. Use techniques like the "Jewel Case Outline" to create a concise overview of your story beats and identify areas that need improvement. Be willing to make significant changes, including cutting scenes or characters that don't serve the overall narrative.

Seek feedback and input. Organize table reads or script workshops to hear your dialogue spoken aloud and gauge audience reactions. Be open to constructive criticism and use it to refine your script. Remember that revision is an ongoing process, and each draft should bring you closer to a polished, professional screenplay.

• Revision techniques:
  • Create a "Jewel Case Outline"
  • Organize table reads
  • Seek feedback from peers and professionals
• Areas to focus on during revision:
  • Story structure and pacing
  • Character development and arcs
  • Dialogue and subtext
  • Visual storytelling elements

5. Develop your unique voice while adhering to industry standards

Your job as a screenwriter is to write in visual images that entertain us as well as intrinsically entertain us as well.

Find your unique perspective. Develop your own writing style and voice while still adhering to industry formatting standards. Experiment with different genres and storytelling techniques to discover what resonates with you as a writer. Don't be afraid to take risks and explore unconventional ideas, as long as they serve the story and characters.

Master screenplay formatting. Learn the proper formatting rules for screenplays, including scene headings, action lines, and dialogue. While it's important to follow these standards, don't let them stifle your creativity. Use formatting to enhance your storytelling and create a smooth reading experience for industry professionals.

• Elements of a unique voice:
  • Personal experiences and perspectives
  • Distinctive dialogue styles
  • Innovative storytelling techniques
• Industry formatting standards:
  • Proper scene headings and transitions
  • Concise action lines
  • Correct dialogue formatting

6. Harness the power of subtext and visual storytelling

Subtext is the third dimension of creative writing. It's what endows drama with resonance, soulfulness, reality, and poetic ambiguity.

Master the art of subtext. Learn to convey meaning and emotion through what is not explicitly said or shown. Use techniques like the "Twitch" to create objects or actions that symbolize a character's inner conflict. Develop scenes where characters say one thing but mean another, allowing the audience to read between the lines.

Emphasize visual storytelling. Remember that film is primarily a visual medium. Focus on creating compelling visual sequences that convey information and emotion without relying on dialogue. Use action lines to paint vivid pictures and create a cinematic experience on the page.

• Subtext techniques:
  • Use symbolic objects or actions
  • Create layered dialogue
  • Develop contrasting actions and words
• Visual storytelling elements:
  • Descriptive action lines
  • Visual metaphors and symbolism
  • Cinematic sequences

7. Learn from criticism and continually refine your craft

The key to the screenwriter's success is to keep all those extra touches, small and large, because cumulatively, and sometimes quietly, they can make all the difference.

Embrace constructive criticism. Develop a thick skin and learn to separate yourself from your work. Seek out feedback from peers, mentors, and industry professionals, and use their insights to improve your writing. Remember that even established screenwriters continue to learn and grow throughout their careers.

Continuously educate yourself. Stay up-to-date with industry trends and developments. Read successful screenplays, watch a wide variety of films, and analyze what makes them effective. Attend workshops, conferences, and screenwriting classes to expand your knowledge and network with other writers.

• Ways to seek feedback:
  • Join writing groups or workshops
  • Participate in screenwriting contests
  • Share your work with trusted peers
• Methods for ongoing education:
  • Read successful screenplays
  • Analyze films and TV shows
  • Attend industry events and workshops

Last updated: April 12, 2025