Plot Summary
Arrested for Knowing Answers
Ram Mohammad Thomas, a penniless young waiter from the Mumbai slums, is arrested after winning the top prize on a wildly popular quiz show, "Who Will Win a Billion?" The producers, unable to believe a slumdog could answer all twelve questions, accuse him of cheating. Ram is beaten and interrogated by the police, who are pressured by the show's foreign backers to extract a confession. The authorities are convinced that someone must have fed him the answers, since Ram is uneducated and has never read a newspaper. But Ram insists he simply "knew" the answers. His only hope comes in the form of Smita, a mysterious lawyer who appears out of nowhere to defend him, demanding to know how he could possibly have known so much.
The Orphan with Three Names
Ram's life story begins with abandonment: left as a baby at a church orphanage in Delhi, he is passed from one set of caretakers to another, never truly belonging. His name—Ram Mohammad Thomas—reflects the religious confusion and political tensions of India, as a committee of Hindu, Muslim, and Christian leaders each insist he be named after their faith. Raised by a kindly English priest, Father Timothy, Ram learns about the world through stories, observation, and the kindness of strangers. But tragedy strikes when Father Timothy is killed in a scandal involving another priest, and Ram is sent to a brutal juvenile home, where he learns to survive by his wits.
Bonds of Brotherhood
In the juvenile home, Ram meets Salim, a Muslim boy orphaned by communal violence. The two become inseparable, forming a brotherly bond that will shape both their destinies. Later, living in a Mumbai chawl, Ram befriends Gudiya, a neighbor's daughter abused by her alcoholic father. When Gudiya's father tries to molest her, Ram intervenes, pushing the man down a flight of stairs. Believing he's committed murder, Ram flees the city, haunted by guilt but determined to keep his promise to protect those he loves.
Surviving the System
Ram's journey through India's underbelly exposes him to the cruelty of institutions meant to protect children. In the juvenile home, he witnesses and thwarts sexual abuse, earning the enmity of a corrupt warden. Later, he and Salim are "rescued" by a gangster who runs a school for crippled children—actually a front for a begging ring where children are maimed to increase their earnings. Ram and Salim narrowly escape being blinded, using their resourcefulness and a lucky coin to guide their fate.
The Crippled Children's School
The so-called school for disabled children is a microcosm of India's hidden horrors. Ram and Salim meet boys who have been deliberately crippled, blinded, or addicted to glue, all to enrich their "benefactor." The boys' stories are heartbreaking, but Ram's ability to listen, remember, and empathize becomes his greatest asset. When he learns that he and Salim are next to be maimed, they escape, using information gleaned from a fellow beggar about a famous actress in need of a servant.
The Australian Attache's Secret
Ram finds work as a servant in the home of Colonel Taylor, an Australian diplomat in Delhi. The Taylors treat him well, but Ram soon discovers that the Colonel is a spy, using hidden cameras and microphones to gather secrets. The house is a world apart from the slums, but the servants are still invisible, and Ram learns that even the privileged have secrets, betrayals, and heartbreak. When the Colonel is caught and expelled for espionage, Ram leaves with his savings, determined to find Salim and start anew.
The Waiter's Life in Dharavi
Back in Mumbai, Ram works as a bartender in a seedy bar, living in the vast slum of Dharavi. He listens to the stories of drunkards and criminals, learning about the randomness of fate and the universality of suffering. Despite the squalor, Ram's sharp memory and empathy allow him to connect with people from all walks of life. He dreams of a better future, but is constantly reminded of the barriers that separate the rich from the poor.
The Button and the Curse
One night, Ram serves a wealthy businessman who confesses to using voodoo to destroy his brother. The man's story—of jealousy, betrayal, and a cursed button—ends with his sudden death from a heart attack. Ram's encounter with the supernatural is both comic and tragic, highlighting the power of belief and the randomness of fate. The incident also provides Ram with the answer to a quiz question about the capital of Papua New Guinea, demonstrating how knowledge can come from the most unlikely sources.
Murder on the Train
While traveling by train, Ram is caught in a robbery. A dacoit threatens to rape a young woman, and in the chaos, Ram accidentally shoots and kills the bandit with the man's own gun. The passengers are saved, but Ram is forced to flee again, fearing arrest. The incident haunts him, but also provides the answer to another quiz question—who invented the revolver—proving that life's darkest moments can yield unexpected knowledge.
The Soldier's Forgotten Valor
During a war with Pakistan, Ram meets Balwant Singh, a one-legged veteran who regales the chawl with tales of heroism. The community rallies to honor him, only to discover he was a deserter, not a hero. The revelation leads to Balwant's suicide, a stark reminder of the gap between myth and reality, and the human cost of war. Ram's memory of the incident helps him answer a question about India's highest military honor.
Licence to Kill
Salim's dream of becoming a film star leads him to work for a contract killer obsessed with cricket and crime shows. When Salim discovers his employer has been hired to kill a film producer who promised him a role, he cleverly swaps the target's photo with that of a gangster who once tried to blind him and Ram. The episode is a darkly comic meditation on fate, justice, and the blurred lines between good and evil.
The Tragedy Queen's Mask
Ram becomes the servant of Neelima Kumari, a once-famous actress now fading into obscurity. Behind her glamorous façade, Neelima is trapped in an abusive relationship and obsessed with her lost youth. Her tragic suicide, staged as a final performance, leaves Ram with a profound sense of loss and the realization that even the most beautiful lives can be hollow. Her story provides the answer to a crucial quiz question about the year she won a national award.
The Agra Love Story
Fleeing Mumbai, Ram becomes a tourist guide in Agra, where he falls in love with Nita, a prostitute forced into the trade by her own brother. Ram's efforts to free her are thwarted by poverty and corruption; he is forced to choose between saving a dying friend and buying Nita's freedom. In the end, he gives his last savings to save a stranger's son, an act of selflessness that will later save his own life. The love story is both a fairy tale and a tragedy, underscoring the power of hope in the face of despair.
The Final Question
Back in the present, Ram faces the final, impossible question on the quiz show. With no idea of the answer, he uses his lucky coin—heads or tails—to decide. The coin, which has guided him through countless decisions, lands on heads, and Ram wins the billion-rupee prize. The producers are furious, convinced he has cheated, but Ram's life story proves that knowledge can come from experience, memory, and luck, not just formal education.
Luck, Memory, and Destiny
Ram's journey is a testament to the power of memory, storytelling, and resilience. Each question on the quiz show is linked to a pivotal moment in his life, demonstrating that knowledge is not the exclusive domain of the privileged. Ram's survival depends on his ability to listen, remember, and adapt, turning every experience—good or bad—into a source of strength.
Truth, Justice, and Reunion
With Smita's help, Ram is exonerated and receives his prize. He uses his fortune to rescue Salim, free the crippled children, and reunite with Nita, whom he marries. Smita reveals herself as Gudiya, the girl he once saved, completing the circle of kindness and redemption. Ram's story ends not with wealth, but with love, family, and the knowledge that luck comes from within.
Characters
Ram Mohammad Thomas
Ram is the novel's protagonist, an orphan of unknown parentage whose name reflects India's religious diversity and tensions. He is a product of the streets, learning from observation, experience, and the kindness (and cruelty) of strangers. Ram's defining traits are his empathy, memory, and adaptability. He is both a victim and a trickster, surviving by his wits in a world stacked against him. His journey is one of self-discovery, as he learns to trust, love, and ultimately forgive. Ram's relationships—with Salim, Gudiya, Nita, and others—are the emotional core of the novel, and his ability to find meaning in suffering is his greatest strength.
Salim Ilyasi
Salim is Ram's best friend and surrogate brother, a Muslim boy orphaned by communal violence. He is obsessed with Bollywood and dreams of becoming a film star, using fantasy as an escape from trauma. Salim's loyalty to Ram is unwavering, and his optimism provides a counterpoint to Ram's cynicism. Despite his own suffering, Salim remains hopeful, resourceful, and kind. His journey from dabbawallah to aspiring actor mirrors Ram's, and their bond is a testament to the power of chosen family.
Smita (Gudiya)
Smita is introduced as Ram's lawyer, but is later revealed to be Gudiya, the girl he once saved from her abusive father. Intelligent, determined, and compassionate, Smita is both a symbol of justice and a survivor of trauma. Her decision to help Ram is motivated by gratitude and a desire to repay a debt of kindness. Smita's transformation from victim to advocate underscores the novel's themes of redemption and the interconnectedness of stories.
Nita
Nita is a young woman forced into prostitution by her own family, embodying the intersection of beauty, suffering, and resilience. Her relationship with Ram is both a love story and a commentary on the commodification of women in Indian society. Nita's wit, strength, and vulnerability make her a complex character, and her eventual rescue is a hard-won victory for both her and Ram.
Father Timothy
Father Timothy is the English priest who raises Ram in his early years, teaching him about kindness, faith, and the power of stories. His murder in a scandal involving another priest is Ram's first encounter with the darkness beneath the surface of authority. Father Timothy's influence lingers throughout Ram's life, shaping his moral compass and his belief in the possibility of goodness.
Colonel Taylor
The Australian Defence Attache who employs Ram as a servant, Colonel Taylor is both a benefactor and a symbol of the invisible barriers between classes. His secret life as a spy, and his eventual downfall, reveal the duplicity and vulnerability of the powerful. Taylor's household is a microcosm of privilege, betrayal, and the limits of kindness.
Neelima Kumari
Once a celebrated actress, Neelima is now a recluse, obsessed with her lost youth and trapped in an abusive relationship. Her life is a performance, and her suicide is staged as a final act. Neelima's story is a meditation on fame, beauty, and the cost of living behind a mask. Her relationship with Ram is both maternal and tragic, offering him a glimpse of love and loss.
Shankar
A mentally disabled boy in Agra, Shankar is revealed to be the illegitimate son of a wealthy woman. His inability to speak masks a deep intelligence and sensitivity, expressed through his art. Shankar's death from rabies, and his mother's refusal to help, is one of the novel's most devastating episodes, highlighting the cruelty of social hierarchies and the longing for acceptance.
Lajwanti
Lajwanti is a maid who dreams of a better life for her sister, only to be betrayed by her own honesty and perfectionism. Her arrest for theft, despite her good intentions, is a commentary on the impossibility of crossing class boundaries. Lajwanti's story is one of sacrifice, resilience, and the limits of aspiration.
Prem Kumar
The host of the quiz show, Prem Kumar is charming on camera but cruel and predatory in private. He is responsible for the abuse of both Neelima and Nita, and becomes the target of Ram's quest for justice. Prem's duplicity and eventual downfall are emblematic of the corruption and hypocrisy at the heart of the system.
Plot Devices
Nonlinear, episodic narrative
The novel's structure mirrors the format of the quiz show: each chapter corresponds to a question, and each answer is rooted in a pivotal episode from Ram's life. This nonlinear, episodic approach allows the author to explore a wide range of settings, characters, and social issues, while maintaining suspense and coherence. The interplay between past and present, memory and action, is central to the novel's impact.
Coin toss and luck
Ram's lucky coin is both a literal and symbolic device, representing the role of chance in survival. The coin is used to make decisions, answer questions, and ultimately win the jackpot. Its revelation as double-headed underscores the theme that luck is often a matter of perspective, and that agency and resilience are as important as fate.
Foreshadowing and irony
The novel is rich in foreshadowing, with early episodes hinting at later twists—such as Smita's true identity, or the connection between Ram's experiences and the quiz questions. Irony abounds, as the uneducated slumdog outwits the system, and the powerful are undone by their own secrets.
Social realism and satire
While the novel is often darkly comic, it is grounded in a realistic portrayal of poverty, corruption, and violence. The use of satire—especially in the depiction of institutions, celebrities, and the media—serves to critique the social order and highlight the resilience of the marginalized.
Interconnectedness of stories
The central conceit—that every piece of knowledge Ram possesses is rooted in lived experience—challenges conventional notions of intelligence and education. The novel suggests that memory, empathy, and observation are as valuable as formal schooling, and that every life is a repository of stories worth telling.
Analysis
Q & A is a vibrant, sprawling tapestry of modern India, blending Dickensian social critique with Bollywood melodrama and postmodern playfulness. At its heart, the novel is a celebration of the resilience, ingenuity, and dignity of the poor, challenging the myth that knowledge and success are reserved for the privileged. Through Ram's journey, Vikas Swarup exposes the brutality of institutions, the arbitrariness of fate, and the redemptive power of kindness and memory. The quiz show is both a metaphor for life's randomness and a vehicle for social commentary, as each question unlocks a hidden story of suffering, survival, and hope. The novel's ultimate message is that luck is not a gift from the gods, but a product of courage, empathy, and the refusal to give up. In a world where the lines between truth and fiction, justice and injustice, are constantly blurred, Q & A insists that every life—no matter how humble—is worthy of dignity, love, and a chance at happiness.
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FAQ
Synopsis & Basic Details
What is Q & A about?
- Orphan's improbable quiz victory: The story follows Ram Mohammad Thomas, an uneducated waiter from the Mumbai slums, who is arrested after winning the top prize on a national quiz show, "Who Will Win a Billion?".
- Life's lessons provide answers: Accused of cheating, Ram recounts his extraordinary life story to his lawyer, Smita, revealing how each seemingly impossible quiz question corresponds to a significant, often traumatic, event or encounter from his past.
- Journey through India's underbelly: The narrative unfolds through episodic flashbacks, detailing Ram's survival in orphanages, juvenile homes, exploitative schemes, and various jobs, exposing the harsh realities of poverty, corruption, and resilience in modern India.
Why should I read Q & A?
- Unique narrative structure: The novel uses the quiz show format as a clever framework, linking disparate life experiences to specific questions, creating a compelling and unpredictable reading experience.
- Vivid portrayal of Indian society: It offers a raw, unvarnished look at the vast social spectrum of India, from the deepest poverty of the slums to the hidden lives of the wealthy and powerful, highlighting stark inequalities and human resilience.
- Engaging blend of genres: Combining elements of picaresque adventure, social commentary, mystery, and even romance, the book is a page-turner that is both entertaining and thought-provoking, exploring themes of luck, destiny, knowledge, and survival.
What is the background of Q & A?
- Inspired by real quiz shows: The premise is directly influenced by the global phenomenon of televised quiz shows like "Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?", specifically referencing the Indian version, "Kaun Banega Crorepati," and a cheating scandal involving a contestant.
- Exploration of social inequality: The narrative is deeply rooted in the socio-economic landscape of India, contrasting the lives of the impoverished majority with the privileged elite and critiquing systemic corruption and apathy.
- Cultural and religious tapestry: Ram's name and experiences touch upon India's diverse religious and cultural identities, reflecting both harmony and tension across different communities.
What are the most memorable quotes in Q & A?
- "I have been arrested. For winning a quiz show.": This opening line immediately establishes the novel's central, paradoxical premise and hooks the reader into Ram's unbelievable situation.
- "We Indians have this sublime ability to see the pain and misery around us, and yet remain unaffected by it.": Spoken by the chawl administrator, Mr. Ramakrishna, this quote starkly captures a recurring theme of societal apathy in the face of widespread suffering.
- "Luck comes from within.": Ram's final realization, stated in the epilogue, encapsulates the novel's core message that resilience, inner strength, and the lessons learned from life's experiences are the true sources of fortune, not mere chance.
What writing style, narrative choices, and literary techniques does Vikas Swarup use?
- Episodic, first-person narration: The story is told from Ram's perspective, with each chapter functioning as a self-contained episode triggered by a quiz question, allowing for shifts in tone, setting, and supporting characters.
- Blend of realism and melodrama: Swarup combines gritty social realism in depicting poverty and violence with elements of Bollywood-esque melodrama, featuring dramatic coincidences, larger-than-life villains, and heightened emotional stakes.
- Symbolism and motif: Recurring symbols like the lucky coin, the Taj Mahal, and the flashing red police jeep weave through the narrative, adding layers of meaning and connecting disparate events thematically.
Hidden Details & Subtle Connections
What are some minor details that add significant meaning?
- The census man's bribe: In the Taylor chapter, the census taker accepts whisky to exclude the servants from the national count. This seemingly minor interaction subtly highlights the invisibility and dehumanization of the poor in the eyes of the privileged and the casual nature of corruption.
- Lajwanti's obsessive neatness: Lajwanti's meticulous cleaning habits, even in the squalor of the outhouse and during her attempted theft, are initially presented as a quirk. This detail later becomes the "tell-tale sign" that leads to her arrest, ironically betraying her despite her good intentions and emphasizing how ingrained habits can have unforeseen consequences.
- Shankar's blue diary: Shankar's hidden diary filled with drawings of Swapna Devi is more than just a personal item. It serves as visual evidence of his connection to his mother and becomes the catalyst for Ram's confrontation with Swapna Devi, revealing a hidden family secret and the depth of Shankar's unspoken longing.
What are some subtle foreshadowing and callbacks?
- The census man's quote echoed: The census man's remark, "No one will miss four people out of a billion!", echoes the later sentiment of Mr. Ramakrishna about Indian apathy ("see the pain... and yet remain unaffected"), subtly linking casual disregard to systemic indifference across different social strata.
- Neelima Kumari's death scene: Neelima's discussion of her "Tragedy Queen" persona and her ability to cry without glycerine foreshadows her staged suicide, which she orchestrates as a final, dramatic performance, blurring the lines between her acting and her reality.
- The "bloody Indians" remark: Colonel Taylor's repeated dismissive phrase "bloody Indians" is a subtle callback to the casual racism and class prejudice Ram encounters, highlighting how even in a seemingly benevolent household, underlying contempt persists.
What are some unexpected character connections?
- Smita is Gudiya: The most significant hidden connection is the revelation that Smita, Ram's lawyer, is Gudiya, the girl he saved from her abusive father years earlier. This transforms their relationship from a professional one into a deep bond of mutual protection and gratitude, closing a major narrative loop.
- Prem Kumar's dual identity: The quizmaster, Prem Kumar, is revealed to be the abusive lover of both Neelima Kumari and Nita. This connects seemingly disparate chapters and characters through a single villain, providing Ram with a personal motive for participating in the quiz beyond just winning money.
- Utpal Chatterjee's link to Shankar: The English teacher whose card Ram finds and calls for the Shakespeare question is the father of the boy Ram saved with the rabies vaccine money. This unexpected connection highlights the ripple effect of Ram's past acts of kindness and provides the crucial "Friendly Tip" that helps him win.
Who are the most significant supporting characters?
- Salim Ilyasi: Ram's closest friend and surrogate brother, Salim represents loyalty, dreams (especially of Bollywood stardom), and survival in the face of trauma. His story of working for a contract killer and his clever act of swapping photos are pivotal plot points.
- Nita: A young prostitute in Agra, Nita becomes the love of Ram's life and the primary motivation for his quest for money. Her story exposes the brutal realities of the sex trade and the complex bonds of family, even with an abusive brother.
- Father Timothy: The kind English priest who raises Ram, Father Timothy provides Ram's earliest positive experiences of love and learning. His tragic death is a formative trauma for Ram and introduces the theme of hidden darkness within seemingly good institutions.
Psychological, Emotional, & Relational Analysis
What are some unspoken motivations of the characters?
- Ram's need for belonging: Beyond winning money, Ram's deepest unspoken motivation is a lifelong search for belonging and family, stemming from his abandonment. This drives his fierce loyalty to Salim, his protective instincts towards Gudiya/Smita, and his desire to build a life with Nita.
- Neelima Kumari's fear of irrelevance: Neelima's obsession with her past fame and physical appearance is driven by a deep-seated fear of becoming irrelevant in an industry that discards aging actresses. Her abusive relationship and eventual suicide are rooted in this psychological vulnerability and need for control over her narrative.
- Swapna Devi's hidden guilt: Swapna Devi's coldness towards Shankar and her refusal to pay for his treatment are likely motivated by a desire to bury the secret of his illegitimate birth and her past affair. Her actions are driven by shame and a need to maintain her social standing, even at the cost of her son's life.
What psychological complexities do the characters exhibit?
- Ram's trauma and resilience: Ram exhibits remarkable resilience in the face of repeated trauma (abandonment, abuse, violence, loss). His ability to compartmentalize horrific experiences and extract knowledge from them is a complex coping mechanism, allowing him to survive but also leaving him emotionally guarded at times.
- Balwant Singh's self-deception: Balwant Singh's creation of a heroic war narrative for himself, despite being a deserter, reveals the psychological complexity of coping with shame and regret. His need for validation leads him to construct a false identity, which ultimately collapses under scrutiny, highlighting the fragility of self-worth built on lies.
- Nita's emotional detachment: Nita's seemingly pragmatic acceptance of her life as a prostitute ("It is a profession, like any other") is a psychological defense mechanism. Her ability to compartmentalize her experiences allows her to survive emotionally, but her moments of vulnerability reveal the underlying pain and longing for a different life.
What are the major emotional turning points?
- Father Timothy's death: This event shatters Ram's innocent world and marks his entry into the brutal reality of the juvenile system, fundamentally changing his perception of safety and authority.
- Saving Gudiya: Ram's decision to intervene and push Shantaram is a pivotal moment where he chooses to act on his protective instincts, leading to his flight but also solidifying his sense of responsibility towards others.
- Meeting Nita: Falling in love with Nita provides Ram with a profound emotional connection and a clear purpose – to free her and build a future together – transforming his aimless survival into a focused quest.
How do relationship dynamics evolve?
- Ram and Salim's brotherhood: Their relationship evolves from mutual support in the juvenile home to a deep, enduring bond of chosen family, surviving separation and different life paths, culminating in Ram using his winnings to help Salim achieve his dream.
- Ram and Smita's bond: Starting as a lawyer-client relationship based on suspicion, it transforms into a powerful alliance built on shared history and mutual protection, culminating in the revelation of Smita's identity as Gudiya and their embrace as siblings.
- Ram and Nita's love story: Their relationship evolves from a transactional encounter in a brothel to a deep, committed love, facing obstacles like Nita's pimp brother and Ram's poverty, ultimately culminating in their marriage and shared future, symbolizing hope and redemption.
Interpretation & Debate
Which parts of the story remain ambiguous or open-ended?
- The nature of Ram's "luck": While the double-headed coin is revealed, the story leaves open whether Ram's ability to connect life events to quiz questions is purely coincidental, a form of divine intervention, or a manifestation of his unique, trauma-enhanced memory and observational skills.
- The fate of some characters: The ultimate fates of some supporting characters, like the bespectacled teacher whose son Ram saved, or the various residents of the outhouse and chawl, are not explicitly detailed, leaving their futures open to reader interpretation.
- The extent of Prem Kumar's villainy: While Prem Kumar is clearly abusive and corrupt, the story leaves some ambiguity regarding his death (suicide vs. murder by financiers), allowing for debate on whether he faced a form of karmic justice or was simply another victim of a larger, corrupt system.
What are some debatable, controversial scenes or moments in Q & A?
- Ram's killing of the dacoit: The scene where Ram shoots the dacoit on the train is open to debate regarding self-defense versus accidental killing, and whether Ram's subsequent flight was justified or an overreaction driven by fear of the police.
- Ram's decision regarding the rabies vaccine money: Ram's choice to give the four lakh rupees to the stranger for his son's vaccine instead of using it to free Nita is a morally complex moment, sparking debate about the value of a stranger's life versus the freedom of a loved one, and whether this act was selfless or driven by a subconscious desire to shed the burden of the money.
- The portrayal of poverty and violence: Some readers might find the relentless depiction of suffering, abuse, and violence in the novel controversial, debating whether it is a realistic portrayal of India's underbelly or an exaggerated, sensationalized narrative.
Q & A Ending Explained: How It Ends & What It Means
- Ram wins the billion: Ram answers the final question correctly, winning the unprecedented billion-rupee prize, proving his knowledge derived from life experience is valid, despite the quiz company's attempts to frame him.
- Justice and redemption achieved: With Smita's legal help, Ram is cleared of cheating allegations and receives his winnings. He uses the money not just for personal gain, but to rescue others (crippled children, Lajwanti) and build a family with Nita and Salim, fulfilling promises and achieving a form of justice for past wrongs.
- Luck redefined: The revelation of Ram's double-headed coin suggests that his "luck" was partly engineered, but the narrative emphasizes that his survival and the knowledge gained were products of his resilience, empathy, and the interconnectedness of his experiences, culminating in the understanding that true "luck comes from within." This ending transforms the story from a simple rags-to-riches tale into a commentary on agency, memory, and the power of human connection in overcoming systemic injustice.
Review Summary
Q & A received mostly positive reviews, praised for its engaging storyline and vivid portrayal of India. Readers appreciated the unique narrative structure, connecting quiz show questions to the protagonist's life experiences. Some criticized homophobic elements and far-fetched coincidences. Many found it superior to the film adaptation, Slumdog Millionaire, in its portrayal of Indian society. The book was lauded for its blend of humor, tragedy, and social commentary, though some felt the ending was clichéd. Overall, it was considered a compelling and entertaining read.
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