Reading With Patrick

1. Teaching in the Mississippi Delta: A journey of hope and disillusionment

"I went to the Mississippi Delta with a specific project: to teach American history through black literature."

Idealism meets reality. Michelle Kuo, a 22-year-old Harvard graduate, joins Teach for America to work in Helena, Arkansas. She arrives with grand aspirations to empower students through literature and history, particularly works by African American authors. However, she quickly encounters the harsh realities of poverty, segregation, and a failing education system.

Challenges abound. Kuo teaches at an alternative school called "Stars," where students struggle with basic literacy and numeracy. She faces:

• Severe lack of resources
• Students with behavioral issues and learning disabilities
• A community plagued by poverty, crime, and limited opportunities
• Her own inexperience and cultural differences

2. The power of reading and writing to transform lives

"Books had changed me, charged me with responsibilities. And I believed books could change the lives of my students."

Literature as a catalyst. Kuo introduces her students to works by Frederick Douglass, James Baldwin, and contemporary young adult authors. She witnesses how reading and writing can:

• Improve literacy skills
• Boost self-esteem and self-expression
• Provide new perspectives and role models
• Offer an escape from difficult circumstances

Creative approaches. Kuo employs various techniques to engage her students:

• "I Am" poems for self-reflection
• Silent reading time with carefully chosen books
• Writing exercises that connect literature to personal experiences
• Memorizing and reciting poetry

3. Patrick's journey: From troubled student to jail inmate

"Patrick was mild-mannered, he walked with more hunch than swagger. In class, he preferred listening to speaking."

A promising student. Patrick Browning stands out among Kuo's students for his quiet demeanor and potential. Despite struggling with attendance and academics, he shows a genuine interest in learning and a capacity for empathy.

Tragic turn. After Kuo leaves Helena, Patrick drops out of school. Years later, she learns he has been arrested for killing a man in a fight. Kuo returns to Helena to visit Patrick in jail, rekindling their teacher-student relationship through reading and writing exercises.

4. The criminal justice system's failures in rural America

"It all has to do with state of mind."

Systemic issues. Kuo witnesses firsthand the shortcomings of the criminal justice system in the rural South:

• Overworked and underfunded public defenders
• Long delays in court proceedings
• Pressure to accept plea bargains without fully understanding the consequences
• Lack of rehabilitation programs and support for inmates

Patrick's case. His situation illustrates these problems:

• Charged with first-degree murder, later reduced to manslaughter
• Spends over a year in county jail before his case is resolved
• Accepts a plea deal without a full understanding of his options
• Faces limited prospects upon release due to his criminal record

5. The impact of historical racism on present-day challenges

"The Delta was a place where heroic people had been maimed, shot, arrested, and killed for their belief in change."

Legacy of oppression. The Mississippi Delta's history of slavery, segregation, and racial violence continues to shape the region:

• Extreme poverty and lack of economic opportunities
• Segregated schools and unequal educational resources
• Distrust between the black community and law enforcement
• Limited access to healthcare and social services

Generational trauma. Kuo observes how this history affects her students and their families, creating cycles of poverty, crime, and hopelessness that are difficult to break.

6. The transformative power of literature and poetry

"Patrick had collected himself and turned back toward me. 'Can I keep this?' I held up his notebook."

Finding meaning through words. Kuo introduces Patrick to various works of literature and poetry during their jail visits, including:

• Frederick Douglass's autobiography
• James Baldwin's essays
• W.S. Merwin's poetry
• Marilynne Robinson's "Gilead"

Personal growth. Through reading and writing exercises, Patrick:

• Improves his literacy skills
• Gains new perspectives on his life and circumstances
• Expresses complex emotions and ideas
• Finds solace and hope in difficult circumstances

7. The complexities of mentorship and personal growth

"I had given him the books, I had taught him the mechanics, and still the words had moved us separately, as if we had heard the same bird singing and the song entered each of us, changed."

Mutual transformation. Kuo's relationship with Patrick evolves from teacher-student to a more complex mentorship:

• She struggles with boundaries and expectations
• Both learn from each other and grow personally
• The power dynamic shifts as Patrick matures and Kuo questions her role

Challenges of mentorship:

• Balancing empathy with maintaining boundaries
• Recognizing the limits of one's influence
• Dealing with setbacks and disappointments
• Navigating cultural and socioeconomic differences

8. The lasting effects of poverty and limited opportunities

"Where is rural black poverty, unattached to white violence, too unglamorous to attract celebrated leaders willing to speak for its cause?"

Systemic barriers. Kuo observes how poverty and lack of opportunities affect her students and the community:

• Limited job prospects beyond low-wage work
• Inadequate healthcare and social services
• Substandard housing and infrastructure
• Cycles of crime and incarceration

Brain drain. Those who manage to succeed often leave the Delta, further depleting the community of potential leaders and role models.

9. The importance of education in breaking cycles of disadvantage

"KIPP Delta had among the highest scores on the state math and literacy tests: Black children from the poorest part of Arkansas had gotten higher scores than white kids from private schools in the wealthiest parts of Arkansas."

Education as a lifeline. Kuo witnesses the potential of education to change lives:

• Improved academic performance leads to better opportunities
• Exposure to literature and ideas broadens students' horizons
• Developing critical thinking skills empowers students to question their circumstances
• Success stories inspire others in the community

Obstacles to success:

• Chronic underfunding of public schools
• High teacher turnover rates
• Lack of resources and extracurricular activities
• Students' personal challenges (poverty, family issues, etc.)

10. The author's personal journey of self-discovery and purpose

"I wanted to touch that heroism or at least work in its shadows."

Finding meaning. Kuo's experience in the Delta profoundly shapes her personal and professional life:

• Challenges her assumptions about race, privilege, and social change
• Deepens her understanding of systemic inequalities
• Influences her career choices (law school, public interest work)
• Leads to ongoing reflection on her role as an educator and mentor

Ongoing questions:

• How to balance idealism with pragmatism
• The role of individual action in addressing systemic problems
• The lasting impact of short-term interventions like Teach for America
• Reconciling personal ambitions with a desire to serve others

Last updated: August 28, 2024