Story Engineering

1. Story structure is the foundation of successful writing

Story structure is to novels and screenplays what wings — and the principles of Bernoulli's law that make them work — are to airplanes.

The importance of structure. Just as an airplane needs wings to fly, a story needs a solid structure to soar. This structure isn't a rigid formula, but rather a framework that supports the narrative and keeps it coherent. It provides a roadmap for both the writer and the reader, ensuring that the story unfolds in a way that is engaging and satisfying.

The four-part story model. The basic model for structuring stories consists of four parts:

• Setup (Part 1)
• Response (Part 2)
• Attack (Part 3)
• Resolution (Part 4)

Each part has a specific purpose and context, guiding the narrative flow and character development. This structure helps maintain pacing, build tension, and create a satisfying arc for the story and its characters.

2. The Six Core Competencies form the pillars of storytelling

The Six Core Competencies of Successful Storytelling is a developmental model that allows you to do just that. It separates the major categorical elements of storytelling into discreet, easily understood buckets of information and criteria, all of which are then poured out as a rich, seamless story that actually works.

Understanding the core competencies. The Six Core Competencies provide a comprehensive framework for crafting a compelling story:

1. Concept
2. Character
3. Theme
4. Structure
5. Scene Execution
6. Writing Voice

Interplay of competencies. These elements are not isolated; they work together to create a cohesive narrative. A strong concept supports character development, which in turn reinforces the theme. The structure provides a framework for scene execution, while the writing voice ties everything together in a unique and engaging way.

By mastering these competencies, writers can create stories that are not only well-crafted but also resonate with readers on multiple levels.

3. Concept: The seed that evolves into a compelling story platform

A concept is an idea that has been evolved to the point where a story becomes possible. A concept becomes a platform, a stage, upon which a story may unfold.

Developing a strong concept. A concept is more than just an idea; it's the foundation upon which your entire story is built. To develop a compelling concept:

• Start with a "what if?" question
• Ensure it's fresh and original
• Make it inherently dramatic
• Consider its thematic potential

The power of a great concept. A strong concept does more than just provide a starting point for your story. It:

• Hooks the reader's interest
• Creates narrative possibilities
• Sets the stage for conflict and tension
• Provides a framework for character development

Remember, a concept should be able to be expressed succinctly while still hinting at the depth and complexity of the story to come.

4. Character: The heart and soul of your narrative

Character is the catalyst that empowers everything else in your story.

Creating multi-dimensional characters. Effective characters are more than just names on a page. They should be:

• Complex and relatable
• Driven by clear motivations
• Faced with internal and external conflicts
• Capable of growth and change

The three dimensions of character:

1. Surface traits, quirks, and habits (First Dimension)
2. Backstory and inner demons (Second Dimension)
3. True character revealed through decisions and actions (Third Dimension)

By developing characters across these dimensions, writers can create compelling, realistic individuals that drive the story forward and engage readers on an emotional level.

5. Theme: What your story means and how it relates to life

Theme is life itself, as manifested in our stories, as seen through our characters, and as experienced through our plots.

Understanding theme. Theme is the underlying message or meaning of your story. It's what your narrative says about life, human nature, or the world at large. A strong theme:

• Adds depth and resonance to your story
• Connects with readers on an emotional and intellectual level
• Provides a unifying thread throughout the narrative

Implementing theme. Theme shouldn't be heavy-handed or preachy. Instead:

• Allow it to emerge organically through character actions and plot developments
• Use symbolism and metaphor to reinforce thematic elements
• Explore different facets of your theme through subplots and supporting characters

Remember, a well-executed theme can elevate your story from mere entertainment to a thought-provoking and memorable experience.

6. Plot and structure: The blueprint for your story's architecture

Storytelling can be as precise a craft as you allow it to be.

The importance of plot points. Key plot points serve as the backbone of your story structure:

• First Plot Point (25% mark): Introduces the main conflict and sets the story in motion
• Midpoint (50% mark): Shifts the context and raises the stakes
• Second Plot Point (75% mark): Final piece of new information before the resolution

Four-part story structure:

1. Setup (Part 1): Introduces characters and establishes stakes
2. Response (Part 2): Hero reacts to the new situation
3. Attack (Part 3): Hero becomes proactive in addressing the conflict
4. Resolution (Part 4): Climax and resolution of the story

By adhering to this structure, writers can ensure their story maintains proper pacing, builds tension effectively, and delivers a satisfying conclusion.

7. Scene execution: The building blocks of your narrative

Every scene in every story has specific duties and obligations it must live up to.

Mission-driven scenes. Each scene should have a clear purpose that moves the story forward. To create effective scenes:

• Identify the scene's specific mission or goal
• Enter the scene as late as possible
• Deliver a single piece of story information
• End with a hook that propels the reader into the next scene

Scene elements to consider:

• Setting and atmosphere
• Character development
• Dialogue
• Action and conflict
• Pacing and rhythm

By crafting scenes with clear intentions and strong execution, writers can maintain reader engagement and drive the story forward with purpose and momentum.

8. Writing voice: The unique flavor of your storytelling

Writing voice is like air: If you can smell it, something is cooking, and it may not be appetizing to everyone.

Developing your voice. Your writing voice is the unique style and personality that comes through in your prose. To develop an effective voice:

• Write naturally and authentically
• Avoid overwriting or forced eloquence
• Strive for clarity and efficiency in your prose
• Allow your voice to evolve over time

Balancing style and substance. While a strong voice can enhance your writing, it shouldn't overshadow the story itself. Remember:

• Prioritize clear communication over stylistic flourishes
• Use voice to enhance mood and atmosphere
• Ensure your voice is appropriate for your genre and audience

A well-developed writing voice can make your work stand out and create a memorable reading experience, but it should always serve the story rather than dominate it.

9. Balancing organic writing with structured planning

Organic writers who don't understand those fundamentals, and who try to write the same way? Not so much. It pours out of their head and basically spills all over the place.

The planning spectrum. Writers often fall somewhere between two extremes:

• Organic ("pantsers"): Write without a plan, discovering the story as they go
• Planners ("plotters"): Outline extensively before writing

Finding your balance. The key is to find an approach that works for you while still ensuring your story has a solid structure:

• Understand the principles of story structure, even if you prefer to write organically
• Use flexible planning tools like beat sheets or story boards
• Be willing to adjust your plan as you write and new ideas emerge

Remember, the goal is to create a compelling story, not to adhere rigidly to any particular writing method. Find the balance that allows you to be creative while still producing a well-structured narrative.

10. The power of mission-driven scenes in storytelling

Optimally, each scene should contain only one such piece of exposition. The mission of each scene is to deliver a single, salient, important piece of story to the reader.

Crafting purposeful scenes. Every scene should have a clear mission that advances the story. To create mission-driven scenes:

• Identify the key piece of information or development the scene needs to convey
• Enter the scene as late as possible and exit as soon as the mission is accomplished
• Ensure the scene connects logically to those before and after it
• Use the scene to develop character, advance the plot, or explore theme

The cut-and-thrust technique. End scenes with a hook or question that propels the reader into the next scene. This can be:

• A revelation or surprise
• A decision or action with significant consequences
• A moment of heightened tension or conflict

By focusing on the mission of each scene and using techniques like cut-and-thrust, writers can maintain narrative momentum and keep readers engaged throughout the story.

Last updated: January 24, 2025