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What Doesn't Kill Us

What Doesn't Kill Us

How Freezing Water, Extreme Altitude, and Environmental Conditioning Will Renew Our Lost Evolutionary Strength
by Scott Carney 2017 272 pages
4.10
7k+ ratings
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Key Takeaways

1. The Wim Hof Method: Harnessing the Power of Cold Exposure and Breathing

"Cold and exercise trigger an enormous endorphin release that pastes a maniacal grin across my face."

The Wim Hof Method combines cold exposure, breathing techniques, and meditation to tap into hidden human potential. This approach aims to strengthen the body's natural defense mechanisms, increase energy levels, and improve overall health. The method involves:

  • Cold exposure: Regular ice baths, cold showers, or outdoor winter activities
  • Breathing exercises: Controlled hyperventilation followed by breath retention
  • Meditation: Focusing on body awareness and environmental stimuli

By consistently practicing these techniques, practitioners report increased resistance to cold, improved immune function, and enhanced mental clarity. The method challenges conventional notions of human limitations and encourages individuals to explore their innate abilities to withstand extreme conditions.

2. Evolutionary Mismatch: Modern Comforts vs. Our Biological Needs

"We're overstuffed, overheated, and understimulated."

Our modern lifestyle has created a disconnect between our evolutionary programming and our current environment. This mismatch has led to various health issues:

  • Obesity and metabolic disorders
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Chronic stress and mental health problems

Our ancestors faced regular environmental challenges that kept their bodies in a state of adaptive stress. Today's constant comfort has left our bodies ill-equipped to handle even minor stressors. By reintroducing controlled environmental stress, we can potentially:

  • Activate dormant physiological responses
  • Improve our overall resilience
  • Enhance our ability to cope with physical and mental challenges

3. The Wedge: Gaining Control Over Autonomic Processes

"Call it what you want: willpower, focus, or concentration. The mental state you go into while trying to delay a sneeze is a sort of wedge between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems at the point where an environmental stimulus meets an innate response."

The concept of the wedge refers to the ability to consciously influence typically automatic bodily functions. This technique involves:

  • Identifying reflexive responses (e.g., shivering, sneezing)
  • Focusing mental energy on controlling these responses
  • Gradually expanding control over other autonomic processes

By practicing the wedge, individuals can:

  • Increase their tolerance to cold and other environmental stressors
  • Improve their ability to manage pain and discomfort
  • Potentially influence immune function and other internal processes

The wedge technique forms a crucial part of the Wim Hof Method and other environmental training approaches.

4. Environmental Conditioning: Strengthening the Body Through Stress

"There is no ego on this mountain. Just we go."

Controlled exposure to environmental stress can lead to significant physiological adaptations. This approach includes:

  • Cold exposure: Ice baths, cold showers, winter swimming
  • Heat exposure: Sauna sessions, hot yoga, desert hikes
  • Altitude training: High-elevation hikes, simulated altitude chambers

Benefits of environmental conditioning:

  • Improved cardiovascular function
  • Enhanced metabolic efficiency
  • Increased mental resilience
  • Potential activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT)

Regular exposure to these stressors can lead to long-term improvements in overall health and performance, challenging the notion that constant comfort is ideal for human wellbeing.

5. The Science Behind Cold Exposure and Breathing Techniques

"The cold is my teacher."

Scientific research has begun to validate some of the claims made by practitioners of extreme environmental training:

  • Cold exposure effects:

    • Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT)
    • Improved insulin sensitivity
    • Enhanced immune function
  • Breathing technique impacts:

    • Increased alkalinity in the blood
    • Potential influence on immune response
    • Improved oxygen utilization at high altitudes

Studies have shown that individuals trained in these methods can consciously influence their immune response and maintain core body temperature in extreme cold. While more research is needed, early findings suggest these techniques may have significant implications for human health and performance.

6. Pushing Physical Limits: From Obstacle Courses to Mountain Climbs

"At the start line I remember how terrible it was the year before and I never want to do it. Then, before the cannon goes off, I know I've made a choice and that there is just nowhere else to go but through, and I get this feeling like I'm Ironman putting on my armor."

Extreme physical challenges serve as a testing ground for environmental conditioning techniques. Examples include:

  • Obstacle course races (e.g., Tough Guy, Spartan Race)
  • Ultra-endurance events
  • High-altitude mountaineering

These events push participants to their limits, forcing them to confront:

  • Extreme temperatures
  • Physical exhaustion
  • Mental fatigue

By applying breathing techniques, cold adaptation, and mental fortitude, practitioners aim to overcome these challenges and redefine human potential. These experiences often lead to profound personal growth and a deeper understanding of one's capabilities.

7. Mental Fortitude: The Key to Overcoming Extreme Challenges

"Beaupré saw that the soldiers who lost hope were the first to fall."

The power of the mind plays a crucial role in overcoming extreme physical challenges. Key aspects of mental fortitude include:

  • Visualization techniques
  • Positive self-talk
  • Focused breathing

By developing mental resilience, individuals can:

  • Push through physical discomfort
  • Maintain composure in high-stress situations
  • Overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles

Historical examples, such as soldiers surviving extreme cold, demonstrate the importance of mental strength in conjunction with physical preparation. Modern practitioners of environmental conditioning emphasize the development of both mental and physical toughness to achieve their goals.

8. The Healing Potential of Environmental Stress and Conscious Breathing

"If I can show that I can consciously affect my immune system, we will have to rewrite all the medical books."

Anecdotal and scientific evidence suggests that environmental conditioning and breathing techniques may have therapeutic applications:

  • Potential benefits for autoimmune conditions
  • Improved management of chronic pain
  • Enhanced recovery from injuries

Case studies mentioned in the book include:

  • Reduction of Parkinson's symptoms
  • Improved mobility in rheumatoid arthritis patients
  • Management of Crohn's disease symptoms

While these accounts are promising, more rigorous scientific research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and potential applications of these techniques in medical treatment.

9. Redefining Human Potential: Breaking Records and Overcoming Skepticism

"You ride a wave, you don't conquer it."

Challenging conventional limits is a central theme in the pursuit of environmental conditioning. Examples include:

  • Wim Hof's numerous world records for cold endurance
  • Rapid ascents of high-altitude peaks without traditional acclimatization
  • Extreme feats of endurance in harsh conditions

These achievements often face initial skepticism from the scientific and medical communities. However, they serve to:

  • Push the boundaries of human performance
  • Inspire further research into human physiology
  • Encourage others to explore their own potential

As more people engage in these practices and more research is conducted, our understanding of human capabilities continues to evolve.

10. The Risks and Rewards of Extreme Environmental Training

"THERE IS A REAL POSSIBILITY THAT YOU MAY DIE OR BE CATASTROPHICALLY INJURED."

While environmental conditioning offers potential benefits, it also carries significant risks:

  • Hypothermia and frostbite from cold exposure
  • Heat exhaustion and heat stroke from extreme heat
  • Altitude sickness and other high-elevation dangers

Practitioners must balance the potential rewards with the inherent risks:

Rewards:

  • Improved physical and mental resilience
  • Potential health benefits
  • Personal growth and self-discovery

Risks:

  • Physical injury or death
  • Exacerbation of existing health conditions
  • Psychological stress from extreme experiences

Responsible practice involves proper training, gradual progression, and awareness of one's limits. It's crucial to approach these techniques with caution and, when appropriate, under professional guidance.

Last updated:

Review Summary

4.10 out of 5
Average of 7k+ ratings from Goodreads and Amazon.

What Doesn't Kill Us explores environmental conditioning and the Wim Hof Method, combining cold exposure, breathing techniques, and meditation. Carney initially skeptical, becomes an advocate after experiencing physical and mental benefits. The book discusses evolutionary biology, brown fat activation, and immune system control. While some readers find it inspiring and life-changing, others criticize its lack of scientific rigor and excessive focus on Hof. Overall, it offers an intriguing perspective on human resilience and adaptation, though its claims remain controversial.

Your rating:

About the Author

Scott Carney is an investigative journalist and anthropologist known for blending narrative non-fiction with ethnography. He has contributed to various publications, including Wired, Mother Jones, and Foreign Policy. Carney won the 2010 Payne Award for Ethics in Journalism and the 2012 Clarion Award for his book "The Red Market." With a background in anthropology and extensive experience in South Asia, he brings a unique perspective to his work. Carney's writing often explores complex social issues and human experiences, drawing from his diverse academic and professional background.

human: What was Scott Carney's initial perspective on Wim Hof's methods?

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