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All You Need To Know About the Music Business

All You Need To Know About the Music Business

6th Edition
作者 Donald S. Passman 2013 464 页数
4.28
2k+ 评分
Listen to Summary

重点摘要

1. 音乐产业的流媒体革命:分发与变现的新纪元

“流媒体显然是救星,但在这个过程中,它在过去几年中比历史上任何时候都更彻底地改变了音乐行业。”

流媒体主导。 音乐产业经历了从实体销售到流媒体平台(如Spotify、Apple Music和YouTube)的巨大转变。这一变革彻底改变了音乐的分发、消费和变现方式。

新的收入模式。 与艺术家每售出一张专辑获得固定收入的旧模式不同,流媒体收入是基于播放次数。这一转变带来了机遇与挑战:

  • 按比例分配:你的播放量在平台总播放量中所占的份额决定你的收入
  • 播放列表文化和算法驱动的发现方式的兴起
  • 持续发布内容以保持可见性的重要性增加

数据驱动的决策。 流媒体时代带来了前所未有的听众数据访问,使艺术家和唱片公司能够更明智地做出以下决策:

  • 营销策略
  • 巡演规划
  • 专辑歌曲选择
  • 合作与特邀

2. 理解版权:音乐出版与许可的基础

“拥有版权就像在大富翁游戏中拥有所有的地产。”

版权是力量。 理解版权对任何音乐行业从业者至关重要。它赋予原创作品的创作者独占权,包括复制、分发、表演和创作衍生作品的权利。

关键版权概念:

  • 自动保护:作品一旦以有形形式固定,版权即存在
  • 强制许可:法律允许某些使用版权材料的行为,并设定费用
  • 公共领域:版权已过期或被放弃的作品

音乐中的版权划分:

  • 作曲版权:涵盖基础音乐作品(旋律、歌词)
  • 音响录制版权:保护特定录制版本的歌曲

理解这些区别对于在音乐行业中导航许可、版税和权利管理至关重要。

3. 唱片合约:导航合同、版税与预付款

“选择对你来说从来都不是好事!”

合约结构演变。 传统唱片合约在流媒体时代经历了重大变化。需要理解的关键组成部分包括:

版税率:

  • 新艺术家:15-18%
  • 中等到高热度:18-21%
  • 超级明星:22%以上或利润分享合约

预付款与录音资金:

  • 通常作为录音费用和艺术家支付的综合金额结构
  • 对于成熟艺人,范围从25万美元到数百万美元

需要谈判的关键合同条款:

  • 所需专辑/单曲数量
  • 创作控制与审批权
  • 营销与推广承诺
  • 母带的回归(所有权归还给艺术家)

请记住,每一条条款都是可以谈判的,在导航唱片合约时,拥有经验丰富的法律代表至关重要。

4. 出版的力量:最大化歌曲创作的收入

“出版公司拥有资源,可以让你的音乐在众多艺术家中脱颖而出。”

出版至关重要。 音乐出版涉及对作品的开发与变现(与录音相对)。这是歌曲创作者的重要收入来源,往往比唱片合约更具盈利性。

关键出版收入来源:

  • 机械版税:因歌曲复制(实体销售、下载、流媒体)而支付
  • 表演版税:在公共场合表演歌曲时获得(广播、电视、现场场所)
  • 同步费用:因在电影、电视、广告中使用歌曲而支付

出版合约结构:

  • 传统合约:出版商获取收入的50%
  • 共同出版:歌曲创作者保留出版商份额的50%(总计75%)
  • 管理合约:出版商因处理文书工作和收款而收取10-25%

歌曲创作者应仔细考虑自己的选择,并谈判与其职业目标和作品价值相符的条款。

5. 360合约:艺术家与唱片公司关系的演变

“唱片公司希望分享艺术家收入的整体蛋糕(或者说他们想要控制你)。”

扩大唱片公司的参与。 360合约,也称为多权利合约,给予唱片公司从艺术家的非录音收入中获取一定比例的权利。这一模式的出现是因为唱片公司希望弥补下降的唱片销售收入。

典型的360合约条款:

  • 15-20%的巡演收入
  • 15-20%的商品销售收入
  • 15-20%的代言合约收入
  • 可能分享出版收入

谈判要点:

  • 唱片公司参与前的收入门槛
  • 对于已有业务或品牌的排除
  • 限制360条款持续时间的日落条款

虽然360合约可以为艺术家的职业生涯提供更多的唱片公司投资,但也会减少艺术家从其他收入来源获得的潜在收入。在签署之前仔细权衡利弊。

6. 建立你的团队:音乐行业中的经理、律师和经纪人

“个人经理是你职业生涯中最重要的人。”

组建你的梦想团队。 强大的支持系统对于应对音乐行业的复杂性至关重要。关键团队成员包括:

经理:

  • 负责日常职业运营
  • 通常获得总收入的15-20%
  • 谈判表演奖金和某些收入来源的降低费率

律师:

  • 审查和谈判合同
  • 通常收取交易的5%或按小时计费
  • 确保明确的利益冲突政策

经纪人:

  • 预定现场表演和巡演
  • 标准佣金为10%
  • 谈判高收入巡演的降低费率

商务经理:

  • 处理财务规划和会计
  • 通常收取收入的5%或固定费用
  • 对于管理复杂的版税报表和税务规划至关重要

请记住,你的团队应随着你的职业发展而成长和演变。定期评估当前代表是否满足你的需求和目标。

7. 自主发行与唱片公司:在当今音乐环境中权衡利弊

“即使你在热度计上得分很高,很多追逐者也在追逐你,公司可能会承诺两张专辑的固定合约,并获得额外专辑的选择权(每个选择都需要他们录制一到两张专辑)。”

独立与支持。 数字时代使艺术家能够在没有传统唱片公司支持的情况下取得成功。然而,主要唱片公司仍然提供显著的优势。

自主发行的优点:

  • 保留全部创作控制
  • 保留更大比例的收入
  • 在发布日程和策略上灵活

自主发行的缺点:

  • 营销和推广资源有限
  • 难以打入主流市场
  • 业务管理耗时

唱片公司的优点:

  • 录音和营销的更大预算
  • 建立的行业联系和分发渠道
  • 专业团队处理业务事务

唱片公司的缺点:

  • 失去部分创作控制
  • 收入比例较小
  • 可能在庞大的艺人名单中被淹没

正确的路径取决于你的目标、资源和处理业务事务的意愿。许多艺术家从独立开始,并利用这种成功在后期获得更有利的唱片合约。

8. 同步许可:解锁录音之外的收入来源

“对于广告来说,一首相对知名的歌曲在美国的全国使用中,费用可以从5万美元到六位数不等。”

同步非常重要。 同步许可,即在视觉媒体中使用音乐,已成为艺术家和歌曲创作者越来越重要的收入来源。关键的同步机会包括:

  • 电影和电视的使用
  • 广告和宣传
  • 视频游戏和应用程序
  • 社交媒体内容

影响同步费用的因素:

  • 歌曲在制作中的显著性
  • 使用时长
  • 媒体类型和分发范围
  • 艺术家/歌曲的受欢迎程度
  • 许可的独占性

最大化同步潜力:

  • 创建乐器版和替代版本的曲目
  • 与音乐监督和同步代理建立关系
  • 考虑专门为同步机会创作
  • 确保你的音乐通过数字平台易于许可

同步可以提供显著的收入和曝光,使其成为许多艺术家和歌曲创作者的宝贵关注点。

9. 全球音乐市场:国际成功的策略

“外国流媒体版税变得更加复杂。复杂得多。”

全球思维。 音乐产业日益互联,流媒体平台提供即时的全球分发。然而,最大化国际成功需要战略规划。

全球市场的关键考虑:

  • 理解当地的音乐消费习惯和偏好
  • 在不同地区导航复杂的版税收集系统
  • 为特定地区制定有针对性的营销策略

国际出版:

  • 子出版合约:当地出版商在特定地区代表你的歌曲
  • 集体管理组织(CMOs):在许多国家处理版税收集
  • “按来源”合约:确保你根据原产国的收入获得报酬

全球巡演:

  • 提前研究签证要求和工作许可证
  • 考虑与当地推广者合作以更好地进入市场
  • 根据文化偏好调整曲目和商品

建立强大的国际影响力可以显著扩大你的粉丝基础和收入来源。

10. 适应变化:在快速发展的行业中保持领先

“唱片行业不再主要基于实体商品的销售(尽管它们仍然存在),而是基于Spotify、Apple Music、TikTok、Amazon Music、YouTube等服务。”

拥抱创新。 音乐行业处于不断变化之中,新技术和平台定期出现。保持领先需要灵活性和愿意尝试的态度。

持续演变的关键领域:

  • AI生成音乐及其对版权的影响
  • 音乐中的虚拟和增强现实体验
  • 区块链技术在权利管理和版税分配中的应用
  • 直接面向粉丝的平台和变现策略

适应的策略:

  • 关注行业趋势和新兴技术
  • 多样化收入来源,以减少对任何单一平台的依赖
  • 建立强大、参与度高的粉丝基础,以便在不同平台间跟随你
  • 与技术精通的合作伙伴合作,探索新机会

请记住,最成功的艺术家和行业专业人士是那些将变化视为机会而非威胁的人。培养持续学习和实验的心态,以在不断变化的音乐环境中蓬勃发展。

最后更新日期:

FAQ

What's All You Need To Know About the Music Business about?

  • Comprehensive Guide: The book offers an extensive overview of the music industry, covering topics from record deals to copyright laws.
  • Artist Empowerment: It focuses on empowering artists to navigate the modern music landscape, especially with the rise of streaming and social media.
  • Practical Insights: Donald S. Passman provides practical advice based on his experience as a music lawyer, including real-world examples and strategies for success.

Why should I read All You Need To Know About the Music Business?

  • Expert Knowledge: Written by a seasoned music lawyer, the book offers insights that are both practical and legally sound.
  • Modern Challenges: It addresses contemporary issues like streaming and social media marketing, making it relevant for today's artists.
  • Artist Empowerment: The book empowers artists to understand their rights and the business side of music, leading to better decision-making.

What are the key takeaways of All You Need To Know About the Music Business?

  • Record Deals: Understanding the intricacies of record deals, including advances and royalties, is crucial for artists.
  • Team Building: Assembling a strong team of advisors, such as managers and lawyers, is essential for success.
  • Digital Platforms: Leveraging digital platforms for distribution and marketing is vital for building a fanbase and maximizing revenue.

What are the best quotes from All You Need To Know About the Music Business and what do they mean?

  • "No one ever takes as good care of your business as you do.": Highlights the importance of artists being proactive in managing their careers.
  • "Your career is going to have a limited run.": Reminds artists to plan for the future and manage finances wisely.
  • "Streaming has delivered us from the jaws of despair.": Reflects the transformative impact of streaming on the music industry.

How does Donald S. Passman define royalties in All You Need To Know About the Music Business?

  • Percentage of Earnings: Royalties are a percentage of earnings from an artist's recordings, including sales and streaming.
  • Types of Royalties: The book distinguishes between mechanical, performance, and sync royalties, each with its own calculation method.
  • Contract Impact: The terms of an artist's contract directly affect their royalty rates, making understanding these terms crucial.

What is the significance of advances in record deals as explained in All You Need To Know About the Music Business?

  • Financial Support: Advances provide upfront financial support, allowing artists to focus on creating music.
  • Recoupment Process: Advances are recoupable from future royalties, creating a financial obligation for artists.
  • Negotiation Leverage: Understanding advances gives artists leverage in negotiations, impacting their financial stability.

How does All You Need To Know About the Music Business address the impact of streaming on the music industry?

  • Revenue Models: Streaming has shifted revenue models from physical sales to digital streams, creating new opportunities and challenges.
  • Data Importance: Data analytics play a crucial role in understanding streaming trends and audience engagement.
  • Fan Engagement: Building a direct relationship with fans through streaming platforms is essential for driving streams and revenue.

What are controlled composition clauses in music contracts according to All You Need To Know About the Music Business?

  • Limits on Royalties: These clauses cap the amount a record company pays for mechanical royalties on songs written by the artist.
  • Physical Products: Primarily relevant for physical products like CDs, as digital downloads are not subject to these limitations.
  • Negotiation Opportunities: Artists can negotiate these clauses to ensure fair compensation, especially as the industry shifts to digital.

What are the roles of different team members in the music business as outlined in All You Need To Know About the Music Business?

  • Personal Manager: Guides the artist's career and coordinates with other team members for overall strategy.
  • Business Manager: Handles financial aspects, ensuring the artist's finances are in order and maximizing income.
  • Attorney: Navigates legal issues, reviews contracts, and protects the artist's rights.

How does All You Need To Know About the Music Business explain the process of negotiating a record deal?

  • Key Elements: Essential components include advances, royalties, and rights granted, with advances being payments against future royalties.
  • Understanding Terms: Artists should be aware of terms like recoupment and cross-collateralization, which impact earnings.
  • Negotiation Strategies: Strategies include seeking higher royalty percentages and being prepared to walk away if terms are unfavorable.

What are the challenges of sampling in music as discussed in All You Need To Know About the Music Business?

  • Complex Clearance: Obtaining licenses from both the recording and song owners can be lengthy and costly.
  • High Costs: Clearing samples can be expensive, especially for well-known songs.
  • Legal Risks: Using samples without clearance can lead to legal disputes and loss of control over the song.

What are the emerging issues related to artificial intelligence in the music business as discussed in All You Need To Know About the Music Business?

  • Copyright Concerns: Raises questions about the copyrightability of AI-generated works.
  • Ownership Debates: Ongoing debates about who owns rights to AI-generated music.
  • Impact on Artists: AI music could dilute earnings for human artists, affecting their financial stability.

评论

4.28 满分 5
平均评分来自 2k+ 来自Goodreads和亚马逊的评分.

关于音乐产业你需要知道的一切 被广泛认为是理解音乐行业的重要资源。读者们赞赏其全面的内容、易于理解的写作风格以及关于流媒体和现代商业实践的最新信息。许多人认为这是有志于成为音乐家和行业专业人士的必读书籍。该书因其对合同、版税和法律方面的详细解释而受到重视。尽管有些读者觉得某些部分较为枯燥或过于集中于美国市场,但总体而言,它因其实用的见解和幽默感而备受推荐。

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关于作者

唐纳德·S·帕斯曼是一位在音乐行业享有盛誉的专家,拥有超过四十年的丰富经验。他毕业于德克萨斯大学和哈佛法学院,确立了自己作为一名杰出的娱乐律师的地位。帕斯曼在洛杉矶的法律事务所Gang, Tyre, Ramer, Brown & Passman执业,专注于音乐法律领域。他的著作《音乐行业必知事项》已成为行业标准,提供了对音乐合同、版税和商业实践复杂世界的全面洞察。帕斯曼的专业知识以及将复杂法律概念以通俗易懂的方式解释的能力,使他在音乐行业和法律界都备受尊敬。

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