重点摘要
1. 电子学习设计需要系统的方法来创建有效的学习体验
设计从目标开始。
明确的目标至关重要。 电子学习设计始于确定组织目标以及项目如何为其做出贡献。这确保了学习目标与业务成果的一致性。
遵循系统的过程。 设计过程包括:
- 分析学习者的需求和能力
- 设定具体、可衡量的学习目标
- 确定先决条件和相关目标
- 创建实现目标的学习对象
- 设计测量成就的测试
- 选择适当的学习活动
迭代和改进。 电子学习设计是循环的,而不是线性的。设计者应不断分析结果,重新设计、重建和重新评估,以改进学习体验。
2. 吸收活动通过演示、故事和阅读来告知和激励学习者
吸收活动告知和激励。
演示传达信息。 有效的演示:
- 通过图形和动画进行视觉传达
- 提供清晰的解说和指示
- 包含积极的示例和即时的练习机会
故事使概念变得相关。 引人入胜的故事:
- 展示概念的实际应用
- 激发情感并创造难忘的体验
- 可以由讲师或学习者讲述,以连接个人经验
阅读提供深度。 精心设计的阅读活动:
- 提供多种文档类型(教科书、文章、案例研究)
- 通过在线图书馆或精选资源提供便捷访问
- 包含积极的学习元素,如引导分析或反思问题
3. 做活动通过练习、探索、游戏和模拟来吸引学习者
做中学。
练习活动强化技能。 有效的练习:
- 提供反映实际应用的真实挑战
- 提供即时反馈和改进机会
- 包括多种形式,如反复练习、引导分析和团队合作
探索活动促进探索。 这些活动可以包括:
- 用于概念实验的虚拟实验室
- 用于分析复杂情况的案例研究
- 用于在情境中应用知识的角色扮演场景
游戏和模拟创造沉浸式体验。 精心设计的学习游戏:
- 具有与课程目标相关的明确学习目标
- 在游戏环境中提供内在反馈
- 平衡挑战性和学习者的可达性
4. 连接活动将学习与实际应用和先前知识联系起来
连接活动帮助学习者缩小学习与生活之间的差距。
思考活动鼓励反思。 这些活动可以包括:
- 激发批判性思维的修辞性问题
- 内化概念的冥想练习
- 评估相关性和重要性的评估任务
工作辅助支持实际应用。 示例包括:
- 快速参考术语表
- 应用公式和概念的计算器
- 引导决策的电子顾问
研究活动培养信息素养。 设计者可以创建:
- 寻宝游戏以定位相关资源
- 引导研究任务以分析和综合信息
- 原创作业以在真实情境中应用学习
5. 精心设计的测试和评估对于衡量学习成果至关重要
测试衡量目标的实现。
使测试与目标对齐。 确保评估测量学习目标中列出的具体技能和知识。
使用多种题型。 考虑:
- 多项选择题用于事实回忆
- 简答题用于理解
- 表现任务用于技能展示
- 论文用于批判性思维和分析
提供有意义的反馈。 有效的反馈:
- 识别正确和错误的回答
- 解释正确答案背后的理由
- 提供改进的指导
6. 主题和课程应结构化为可重用的学习对象
主题是课程或其他知识产品中最低级别的学习对象。
设计自包含单元。 主题应:
- 实现单一学习目标
- 包含必要的背景和先决条件
- 在课程中可以以任何顺序访问
创建可重用组件。 学习对象可以:
- 组合形成更大的课程和课程
- 在多个课程或课程中共享
- 易于更新和维护
遵循标准化格式。 一致的结构有助于:
- 导航和学习者定位
- 内容管理和组织
- 符合可访问性标准
7. 战略决策塑造整体课程设计和交付方法
作为设计者,您必须决定在哪些层次上重用内容。
选择合适的电子学习格式。 考虑:
- 教师主导与学习者主导的方法
- 同步与异步交付
- 班级规模和互动水平
规划技术和访问。 决定:
- 目标设备(桌面、移动设备、平板电脑)
- 学习环境(办公室、家中、移动中)
- 文件格式和技术要求
考虑混合学习方法。 混合不同类型的:
- 学习活动(在线、课堂、自学)
- 媒体格式(文本、音频、视频、互动)
- 评估方法(测验、项目、同伴评估)
8. 虚拟教室在在线环境中重现课堂体验
虚拟教室弥合了中世纪课堂和万维网之间的差距。
利用协作工具。 使用:
- 视频会议进行面对面互动
- 聊天和讨论论坛进行持续沟通
- 白板和屏幕共享进行协作工作
设计互动课程。 包括:
- 内容传递的演示
- 小组活动的分组讨论室
- 参与和评估的投票和测验
管理虚拟环境。 考虑:
- 参与者的技术设置和支持
- 在线讨论的引导技巧
- 活动的时间管理和节奏
最后更新日期:
FAQ
What's E-Learning by Design about?
- Comprehensive Guide: E-Learning by Design by William Horton is a detailed framework for creating effective e-learning experiences, focusing on instructional design, navigation, and visual display.
- Learner Engagement: The book emphasizes engaging learners through interactive and meaningful content, catering to different learning styles.
- Practical Strategies: It includes practical strategies, examples, and best practices for implementing e-learning, making it a valuable resource for instructional designers, educators, and corporate trainers.
Why should I read E-Learning by Design?
- Enhance E-Learning Skills: The book improves understanding of e-learning design principles and practices, beneficial for both beginners and experienced professionals.
- Stay Updated: It discusses current trends and future directions in e-learning, helping readers adapt to the evolving digital education landscape.
- Practical Application: Provides actionable insights that can be directly applied to e-learning projects, making it a valuable resource for immediate implementation.
What are the key takeaways of E-Learning by Design?
- Design for Learners: Prioritize the learner's needs and preferences, understanding their background and learning objectives.
- Effective Navigation: Navigation mechanisms are crucial for a successful e-learning experience, with strategies like menus, indexes, and search facilities.
- Visual Design Importance: Visual design is significant in e-learning, with guidelines for creating legible and engaging content that enhances the learning experience.
What are the best quotes from E-Learning by Design and what do they mean?
- "Design governs what we do.": Highlights the foundational role of design in e-learning, influencing the quality and effectiveness of the learning experience.
- "E-learning is not just a change of technology.": Emphasizes that e-learning represents a fundamental shift in knowledge transmission, focusing on the learning process rather than just tools.
- "Every student is a teacher; and every teacher, a student.": Reflects the collaborative nature of modern learning environments, highlighting peer-to-peer learning and knowledge sharing.
How does E-Learning by Design define e-learning?
- Broad Definition: Horton defines e-learning as "the use of information and computer technologies to create learning experiences," allowing for various interpretations and implementations.
- Focus on Experiences: Emphasizes creating meaningful interactions that facilitate learning, not just delivering content.
- Inclusion of Formats: Encompasses a wide range of e-learning formats, from standalone courses to blended learning environments.
How does E-Learning by Design categorize learning activities?
- Three Main Categories: Horton categorizes activities into absorb, do, and connect types, each serving a distinct purpose in the learning process.
- Absorb Activities: Focus on information delivery, where learners read, listen, or watch to gain knowledge.
- Do Activities: Require active engagement through practice, discovery, or games, reinforcing skills and knowledge.
- Connect Activities: Link new learning to prior knowledge and real-world applications, encouraging reflection.
What instructional strategies are discussed in E-Learning by Design?
- Connect Activities: Help learners apply what they have learned to real-world situations, encouraging critical thinking and reflection.
- Ponder Activities: Prompt learners to think deeply about concepts and their applications, fostering a deeper understanding.
- Research Activities: Teach learners to gather and analyze information independently, essential in today’s information-rich environment.
How does E-Learning by Design suggest structuring lessons?
- Classic Tutorial Structure: Includes an introduction, a series of topics, and a summary with assessments, familiar and effective for many learners.
- Scenario-Centered Lessons: Engage learners in real-world problems, helping them apply knowledge in practical contexts.
- Exploratory Tutorials: Encourage self-directed learning and critical thinking, allowing learners to discover knowledge independently.
What are the best practices for creating effective e-learning according to E-Learning by Design?
- Clear Objectives: Start with clear, measurable learning objectives that guide the design process, ensuring alignment with desired outcomes.
- Engaging Activities: Incorporate a variety of activities catering to different learning styles, using a mix of absorb, do, and connect activities.
- Iterative Design Process: Embrace continuous evaluation and refinement, allowing adjustments based on learner feedback and performance.
How does E-Learning by Design address the use of technology in e-learning?
- Device Compatibility: Design e-learning compatible with various devices, enhancing accessibility for learners.
- Media Utilization: Emphasizes effective use of multimedia elements to enrich the learning experience, enhancing engagement.
- Technical Standards: Highlights the need to adhere to standards like SCORM for compatibility and interoperability across platforms.
What role do objectives play in e-learning design according to E-Learning by Design?
- Foundation of Design: Objectives guide the selection of content, activities, and assessments, ensuring alignment with learning goals.
- Clarity and Focus: Provide clarity and focus for designers and learners, reducing ambiguity and ensuring understanding of intended outcomes.
- Measurement of Success: Serve as benchmarks for evaluating the success of the e-learning program, assessing whether learners achieved desired outcomes.
How can I implement the strategies from E-Learning by Design in my projects?
- Start with Learner Needs: Assess the needs and preferences of your target audience to inform design decisions and create relevant content.
- Utilize Navigation Tools: Implement effective navigation mechanisms, ensuring they are intuitive and accessible.
- Focus on Visual Design: Pay attention to visual design principles, using high contrast, consistent layouts, and simple graphics to improve readability and engagement.
评论
《e-Learning by Design》评价褒贬不一,平均评分为3.87/5。许多读者认为这本书对教学设计,特别是对初学者来说,是一个有价值的资源。其优点包括系统的方法、实用的例子和学习活动的分解。一些人称赞其内容全面,而另一些人则批评其过于简单或过时。这本书经常用于大学课程和作为电子学习专业人士的参考书。读者欣赏其在课程设计、测试方法和学习活动方面的见解,尽管有些人建议它可以更新。