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How to Be Black

How to Be Black

作者 Baratunde R. Thurston 2012 254 页数
3.90
8k+ 评分
9 分钟

重点摘要

1. 拥抱美国黑人身份的复杂性

不要害怕黑色。有些人生来就是黑人。有些人实现了黑色,而另一些人则被迫成为黑人。

黑人身份是多面的。 作者巴拉通德·瑟斯顿探讨了美国黑人身份的各种维度,借鉴了他自己和他人的经历。他挑战了单一黑人经历的观念,突出了黑人社区内部的多样性。

历史背景很重要。 瑟斯顿强调了理解黑人历史对于全面把握现代黑人身份复杂性的重要性。他讨论了:

  • 奴隶制和种族隔离的影响
  • 民权运动
  • 持续的平等和代表权斗争

个人经历塑造身份。 作者分享了他生活中的轶事,包括:

  • 在华盛顿特区的毒品泛滥时期长大
  • 就读于一所精英私立学校
  • 在以白人为主的环境中导航

2. 用幽默面对和挑战种族刻板印象

我是一个非常好的人。我喜欢微笑。我天生具有外交性格,我通常更愿意用幽默和你讲道理,而不是争论或打架。

幽默作为改变的工具。 瑟斯顿提倡用喜剧来解决种族问题和挑战刻板印象。他展示了幽默如何:

  • 在不舒服的情况下缓解紧张
  • 使困难的对话更易于接受
  • 揭露种族主义态度的荒谬

对刻板印象的讽刺方法。 作者在整本书中运用讽刺手法来突出和揭穿关于黑人的常见刻板印象。例子包括:

  • 黑人不会游泳的神话
  • 所有黑人都喜欢某些类型的音乐或食物的期望
  • 黑人天生愤怒或对抗的假设

幽默与严肃的平衡。 在使用喜剧的同时,瑟斯顿也强调了解决严重种族问题的重要性。他展示了幽默如何成为关于种族和身份更深层次讨论的门户。

3. 在成为黑人员工的双重角色中导航

事实是,你有两份工作。

平衡职业和种族身份。 瑟斯顿探讨了黑人员工在以白人为主的工作场所面临的挑战。他解释说,黑人员工经常需要兼顾:

  1. 他们的正式工作职责
  2. 代表他们种族的无声角色

成功的策略。 作者提供了在这些双重角色中导航的建议,包括:

  • 与不同种族的同事建立关系
  • 选择何时就种族问题发声
  • 在适应工作场所文化的同时保持真实性

应对微侵略。 瑟斯顿讨论了黑人员工可能遇到的常见微侵略,并提供了应对策略,例如:

  • 用幽默缓解紧张局势
  • 在适当的时候教育同事
  • 知道何时选择你的战斗

4. 认识到成为黑人朋友的力量

黑人朋友是国家英雄,应该因其卓越的服务而受到表彰。

文化桥梁建设。 瑟斯顿强调了跨种族友谊在促进理解和打破障碍方面的重要性。他解释了黑人朋友如何:

  • 提供对黑人文化和经历的见解
  • 通过个人关系挑战刻板印象
  • 创造关于种族的诚实对话的机会

责任和挑战。 作者承认成为黑人朋友的潜在负担,包括:

  • 感到有压力代表所有黑人
  • 在关于种族的对话中导航不舒服的情况
  • 在保持真实性和教育他人之间找到平衡

个人成长机会。 瑟斯顿强调了成为黑人朋友如何导致:

  • 发展跨文化沟通技能
  • 更深入地理解自己的身份
  • 为积极的社会变革做出贡献

5. 理解代表所有黑人的责任

有两种类型的问题:那些与黑人有关的问题和其他所有问题。你必须准备好对两者发表评论。

代表的负担。 瑟斯顿探讨了经常被期望黑人个体代表整个种族的期望。他讨论了:

  • 对所有“黑人问题”有意见的压力
  • 在个人观点和群体期望之间找到平衡的挑战
  • 被视为“不够黑”或“太黑”的风险

导航期望的策略。 作者提供了处理发言人角色的建议,包括:

  • 承认黑人经历和观点的多样性
  • 用个人轶事来说明更广泛的观点
  • 将对话引导到系统性问题上,而不是个人经历

媒体代表。 瑟斯顿批评媒体倾向于寻找单一的“黑人声音”,并提出了更细致地代表黑人观点的建议。

6. 拥抱你自己的黑人版本

梦想更大。只要做自己,黑色就会随之而来。

拒绝狭隘的定义。 瑟斯顿鼓励读者拥抱他们独特的经历和兴趣,无论它们是否符合刻板的黑人观念。他强调:

  • 黑人经历和身份的多样性
  • 自我表达中的真实性重要性
  • 探索超越种族身份的兴趣的价值

扩展文化视野。 作者提倡黑人个体:

  • 探索广泛的文化体验
  • 拥抱可能被视为“非黑人”的兴趣
  • 挑战关于黑人身份的先入之见

克服内化的限制。 瑟斯顿讨论了:

  • 认识和挑战自我施加的限制
  • 寻找打破刻板印象的榜样
  • 培养可能性和潜力的意识

7. 为黑人文化和身份的演变做出贡献

我认为我们正在经历几乎是第二次哈莱姆文艺复兴。

文化复兴。 瑟斯顿强调了美国黑人文化和身份的持续演变,借鉴了像哈莱姆文艺复兴这样的历史运动。他讨论了:

  • 社交媒体和技术对文化表达的影响
  • 艺术、文学和音乐中新声音和观点的出现
  • 传统和当代文化元素的融合

拥抱创新。 作者鼓励读者:

  • 探索新的文化表达形式
  • 挑战关于黑人身份的传统叙事
  • 将他们独特的声音贡献给持续的对话

建立在历史之上。 瑟斯顿强调了:

  • 理解和尊重黑人历史的重要性
  • 用历史背景来丰富当代文化表达
  • 为未来几代人创造新的传统和文化标志

8. 为成为黑人领袖的挑战做好准备

显然,这要求很高,但我只是列出了理想的情况。

导航期望。 瑟斯顿讨论了黑人领袖,特别是在政治环境中面临的独特挑战。他探讨了:

  • 代表所有黑人的压力
  • 来自黑人社区内外的审查和批评
  • 在解决种族问题和吸引更广泛选民之间的微妙平衡

成功的策略。 作者为有抱负的黑人领袖提供了建议,包括:

  • 建立强大的支持网络
  • 培养多样的技能和经验
  • 准备好在避免被定型的同时解决种族问题

开辟新天地。 瑟斯顿强调了:

  • 挑战传统权力结构的重要性
  • 为其他黑人个体创造领导机会
  • 利用领导职位为黑人社区和整个社会带来积极变化

9. 认识到后种族美国是一个神话

后种族美国是胡说八道。

持续的种族差异。 瑟斯顿揭穿了“后种族”美国的观念,强调了在以下领域的持续不平等:

  • 教育
  • 就业
  • 刑事司法
  • 财富积累

色盲的危险。 作者批评了忽视种族将解决种族问题的想法,认为这种方法:

  • 忽视了系统性种族主义的现实影响
  • 阻碍了关于种族不平等的有意义对话
  • 维持了现有的权力结构

前进的道路。 瑟斯顿提倡:

  • 承认和解决持续的种族差异
  • 进行关于种族和特权的诚实对话
  • 在认识到种族问题复杂性的同时,努力实现公平和正义

10. 用艺术和讽刺来解决种族问题

讽刺在谈论种族问题中的作用至关重要。我不能再强调它的重要性了。

创造性表达的力量。 瑟斯顿和书中采访的其他艺术家强调了用艺术、喜剧和讽刺来解决种族问题的重要性。他们讨论了这些媒介如何:

  • 使困难的对话更易于接受
  • 挑战刻板印象和先入之见
  • 揭露种族主义态度和系统的荒谬

创造对话。 作者强调了艺术表达如何:

  • 促进跨种族的同理心和理解
  • 鼓励关于种族的自我反思和批判性思考
  • 为边缘化的声音和经历提供平台

娱乐与教育的平衡。 瑟斯顿和其他人讨论了:

  • 创作既有娱乐性又发人深省的作品的挑战
  • 在不疏远观众的情况下解决严重问题
  • 在处理敏感话题时负责任地使用幽默

最后更新日期:

FAQ

What's "How to Be Black" about?

  • Exploration of Black Identity: "How to Be Black" by Baratunde Thurston is a humorous and insightful exploration of black identity in America. It delves into personal experiences and societal expectations.
  • Satirical Guide: The book is structured as a satirical guide, offering comedic advice on navigating various aspects of black life, from being the black friend to the black employee.
  • Cultural Commentary: It provides cultural commentary on race relations, stereotypes, and the evolving concept of blackness, using humor to address serious topics.

Why should I read "How to Be Black"?

  • Humor and Insight: The book combines humor with insightful commentary, making it an engaging read that tackles complex issues in an accessible way.
  • Personal Stories: Thurston shares personal anecdotes that offer a unique perspective on growing up black in America, providing both entertainment and education.
  • Broader Understanding: It encourages readers to think critically about race, identity, and the societal structures that influence them, fostering a deeper understanding of these issues.

What are the key takeaways of "How to Be Black"?

  • Complexity of Blackness: Black identity is multifaceted and cannot be reduced to stereotypes or singular narratives.
  • Role of Humor: Humor can be a powerful tool for discussing and understanding race and identity.
  • Cultural Influence: Black culture has significantly shaped American society, and understanding this influence is crucial for addressing racial issues.

What are the best quotes from "How to Be Black" and what do they mean?

  • "Be not afraid of blackness." This quote, a play on Shakespeare, sets the tone for embracing black identity without fear or apology.
  • "You are about to learn how to be The Black Friend." This highlights the societal expectation placed on black individuals to represent their race in predominantly white spaces.
  • "The ideas of blackness that make it into mainstream thought exclude too much of the full range of who black people are." It critiques the limited and often negative portrayals of blackness in media and society.

How does Baratunde Thurston use humor in "How to Be Black"?

  • Satirical Approach: Thurston uses satire to address serious topics, making them more approachable and engaging for readers.
  • Relatable Anecdotes: Personal stories are infused with humor, allowing readers to connect with the experiences while reflecting on broader societal issues.
  • Challenging Stereotypes: Humor is used to challenge and deconstruct stereotypes, encouraging readers to question their own assumptions about race.

What is the "Black Friend" concept in "How to Be Black"?

  • Cultural Translator: The Black Friend is portrayed as a cultural translator, helping non-black individuals understand black culture and experiences.
  • Social Role: It highlights the social role black individuals often play in predominantly white spaces, where they are expected to represent their entire race.
  • Diplomatic Buffer: The Black Friend acts as a buffer, preventing misunderstandings and fostering better interracial relations.

How does "How to Be Black" address the concept of blackness?

  • Dynamic Identity: The book presents blackness as a dynamic and evolving identity, shaped by personal experiences and societal influences.
  • Beyond Stereotypes: It emphasizes that blackness cannot be confined to stereotypes or singular narratives, advocating for a broader understanding.
  • Cultural Richness: Thurston highlights the cultural richness and diversity within the black community, challenging monolithic portrayals.

What is the "Inter-Negro Spectrum of Hostility" in "How to Be Black"?

  • Workplace Dynamics: This concept explores the dynamics between black employees in predominantly white workplaces, ranging from supportive to competitive interactions.
  • Chill to Nemesis: It describes a spectrum from "The Chill One," who is supportive, to "The Nemesis," who feels threatened by other black employees.
  • Navigating Relationships: Understanding this spectrum helps black employees navigate relationships and alliances in the workplace.

How does "How to Be Black" discuss the idea of a "Post-Racial America"?

  • Critique of the Concept: The book critiques the notion of a post-racial America, arguing that racial issues are still prevalent and unresolved.
  • Media Creation: Thurston suggests that the idea of post-racial America is a media creation, not reflective of the lived experiences of many black individuals.
  • Ongoing Struggle: It emphasizes the ongoing struggle for racial equality and the need for continued dialogue and action.

What is the "Grand Unified Theory of Blackness" in "How to Be Black"?

  • New Black History: It advocates for a more complete and honest teaching of black history, highlighting contributions and struggles.
  • Distributed Struggle: The theory suggests spreading the burden of fighting oppression across society, not just within the black community.
  • Experimental Blackness: Encourages embracing diverse and eclectic expressions of black identity, breaking free from traditional constraints.

How does "How to Be Black" address the role of black leadership?

  • Transition in Leadership: The book discusses the transition from the Civil Rights generation to a new generation of black leaders with different experiences.
  • Critique of Existing Leadership: It critiques existing black leadership for being slow to adapt to new challenges and voices.
  • Empowerment of New Voices: Thurston emphasizes the importance of empowering new voices and perspectives within the black community.

What is the significance of the "How to Be The Angry Negro" chapter in "How to Be Black"?

  • Channeling Anger: This chapter explores the role of anger in addressing racial injustices and the stereotype of the "angry black person."
  • Historical Context: It places black anger in a historical context, acknowledging the long-standing grievances and systemic issues.
  • Constructive Use: Thurston suggests that anger can be a constructive force for change when channeled effectively and strategically.

评论

3.90 满分 5
平均评分来自 8k+ 来自Goodreads和亚马逊的评分.

《如何成为黑人》是一本幽默而深刻的书,通过个人轶事和讽刺探讨了美国的种族认同。读者们认为这本书既有趣又具有教育意义,发人深省,称赞瑟斯顿的机智和他用幽默处理敏感话题的能力。许多人欣赏书中“黑人小组”提供的多样化视角。尽管有些人觉得某些部分拖沓或过于依赖喜剧元素,但大多数人认为这本书通俗易懂且富有启发性。有声书版本因瑟斯顿的旁白和采访录音的加入而受到特别赞赏。

Your rating:

关于作者

巴拉通德·拉菲克·瑟斯顿是一位美国喜剧演员、作家和政治活动家,现居纽约市。他共同创办了黑人政治博客“Jack and Jill Politics”,并曾担任《洋葱报》的数字总监。瑟斯顿以单口喜剧和公开演讲而闻名,经常讨论与政治、科技和种族相关的话题。他著有多本书籍,其中包括2012年出版的《如何成为黑人》。瑟斯顿的作品结合了幽默和社会评论,源自他在华盛顿特区长大的经历以及在哈佛大学的求学经历。他活跃于社交媒体,并自称有“超过30年的黑人经验”。

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