重点摘要
从第一天起建立冷静、自信的领导角色
你所做的一切对你的狗都有意义。
成为群体的领导者。 从你把小狗带回家的那一刻起，就要确立自己作为冷静、自信的领导者的地位。这意味着要设定明确的规则、界限和限制。使用能量和肢体语言进行沟通，而不仅仅是言语。避免过度兴奋或焦虑，因为你的狗会模仿你的能量。
尊重小狗的天性。 记住，小狗首先是狗，而不是婴儿。它们需要结构和指导，而不是不断的溺爱。允许它们在你的监督下探索和学习，但不要立即让它们自由活动。先从一个有限的、安全的区域开始，随着它们赢得信任并表现出良好行为，逐渐扩大它们的活动范围。
满足小狗作为动物、狗和品种的需求
把狗的品种看作是激发狗的自然本能的额外“助推器”。
了解你的小狗的层次。 每只狗都有以下需求：
- 作为动物（捕食本能、群体心态）
- 作为狗（社交、锻炼、玩耍）
- 作为特定品种（牧羊、取物、守卫等）
提供适当的出口。 将你的小狗的本能引导到积极的活动中。例如，为梗犬提供挖掘区域，为水犬提供游泳机会，或为猎犬提供嗅觉游戏。这通过在受控的方式中满足自然驱动来防止破坏性行为。
优先考虑锻炼、纪律和爱抚，按此顺序
锻炼、纪律、爱抚……按此顺序！
遵循自然的公式。 在自然群体中，狗首先工作（狩猎/迁徙），其次遵守规则，然后放松和玩耍。在你的日常生活中模仿这个顺序：
- 锻炼：结构化的散步、玩耍时间
- 纪律：训练、执行规则
- 爱抚：拥抱、表扬、奖励
避免制造不稳定。 在错误的时间给予爱抚（当小狗焦虑或行为不当时）会强化负面行为。确保在给予爱抚之前，小狗处于冷静、顺从的状态。
掌握散步作为你们关系的基础
正确地与狗散步将是你寻求深厚、终生联系时最重要的技能。
练习正确的技巧。 散步不仅仅是身体锻炼，而是确立你的领导地位：
- 让小狗在你旁边或后面
- 保持松弛的牵引绳
- 使用冷静、自信的能量
- 立即纠正拉扯或分心
建立例行公事。 即使是幼犬，也要每天进行至少两次结构化的散步（根据它们的年龄和能量水平调整长度）。这确立了你作为控制资源和方向的群体领导者的地位。
早期并持续地社交化你的小狗
通过在小狗年轻时让她与狗和人社交，并确保她在两种物种中的礼仪，你不仅在为你们俩创造更好的生活，还在为我致力于帮助建立的亲狗社会做出贡献。
尽早开始，但要安全。 尽快开始社交化，同时注意小狗的免疫系统发育。让它们接触各种：
- 人（不同年龄、外貌等）
- 动物（狗、猫、家畜）
- 环境（城市、乡村、不同的地面）
- 声音（交通、家电、风暴）
创造积极的联想。 确保早期经历是愉快和受控的。使用奖励、表扬和冷静的能量帮助小狗在新环境中感到安全和自信。
使用能量和肢体语言进行沟通，而不仅仅是言语
狗全天候用能量交流。
学习犬类语言。 狗主要通过以下方式交流：
- 能量（冷静与兴奋）
- 肢体语言（姿势、尾巴位置、耳朵位置）
- 触摸（轻推、靠近）
- 声音（作为最后手段）
在信号上保持一致。 在发出命令或纠正行为时使用冷静、自信的能量。避免过多的说话或重复命令。一个坚定的触摸或声音（如“嘶”）比单纯的言语更有效。
通过主动训练预防常见的小狗问题
预防绝对是最好的药物。
及早解决问题。 常见的小狗问题包括：
- 跳起来
- 咬人/啃咬
- 过度吠叫
- 咬不适当的物品
- 拉扯牵引绳
使用重定向和积极强化。 与其惩罚不良行为，不如教导和奖励替代行为。例如：
- 教“坐下”以防止跳起来
- 提供适当的咬物
- 奖励冷静的行为，忽略寻求注意的吠叫
通过保持一致的界限为青春期做好准备
如果你回到基础并坚持你已经设定的指导方针，你将有机会与狗建立更深的联系，并建立更成熟、更有意义的关系。
预期挑战。 青春期（通常6-18个月）带来：
- 测试界限
- 增加的能量和独立性
- 训练可能倒退
保持一致。 保持在幼犬期建立的规则和例行公事。如果需要，通过增加锻炼来引导额外的能量。不要让“青少年”行为成为习惯。
根据能量水平而不仅仅是品种选择合适的小狗
超越品种，找到一个与你能量水平相匹配的狗是你与宠物建立充实终生关系的最重要的第一步。
了解能量水平：
- 非常高：不断运动，需要数小时的剧烈锻炼
- 高：运动型，喜欢剧烈活动
- 中等：平衡活动和休息
- 低：沙发土豆，最少的锻炼需求
匹配你的生活方式。 选择一个能量水平与你相等或更低的小狗。考虑你的：
- 活动水平
- 可用于锻炼和训练的时间
- 生活情况（公寓与有院子的房子）
创建结构化的环境以成功进行室内训练
训练小狗上厕所并不是火箭科学，因为你有自然的帮助。
建立例行公事。 小狗有可预测的排泄需求：
- 醒来后
- 吃饭后
- 玩耍后
- 对于幼犬，每1-2小时
使用积极强化。 在正确的地方排泄时给予表扬和奖励。避免因意外而惩罚，这会导致对排泄的焦虑。
密切监督。 当不能直接监督时，将小狗放在一个有限的区域或笼子里，以防止意外并加强膀胱控制。
以积极、受控的方式培养小狗的本能
最好的预防；我知道Angel将来不会挖我的禅意景观，因为我已经以更丰富、更有趣的方式满足了他的遗传需求。
引导自然驱动。 例如：
- 为梗犬提供指定的挖掘区域
- 使用取物游戏为猎犬
- 为猎犬设置嗅觉路线
创造挑战。 使用益智玩具、障碍课程或训练游戏来激发小狗的身心。这可以防止无聊和破坏性行为。
平衡本能和服从。 教导小狗在何时适当表达自然行为，何时表现出克制。这会培养出一只全面、适应性强的狗。
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FAQ
What's How to Raise the Perfect Dog about?
- Focus on Puppyhood: The book emphasizes the critical first eight months of a dog's life, known as puppyhood, which are essential for shaping a well-behaved adult dog.
- Cesar Millan's Expertise: Written by renowned dog behaviorist Cesar Millan, it combines his personal experiences and understanding of dog psychology to guide new dog owners.
- Comprehensive Guide: It provides a detailed roadmap for raising a well-adjusted dog, covering essential topics such as health, training, socialization, and behavioral issues.
Why should I read How to Raise the Perfect Dog?
- Expert Insights: Cesar Millan shares his extensive knowledge and experience in dog training, making it a valuable resource for both new and seasoned dog owners.
- Preventive Approach: The book emphasizes preventing behavioral problems before they arise, saving owners from future headaches.
- Building a Strong Bond: It teaches how to create a lasting bond with your dog through understanding and respect for their natural instincts.
What are the key takeaways of How to Raise the Perfect Dog?
- Three Key Needs: Every dog needs exercise, discipline, and affection, in that order, for a balanced and well-behaved life.
- Importance of Socialization: Early socialization with people and other dogs is vital for a puppy's development and helps prevent future behavioral issues.
- Calm-Assertive Leadership: Establishing yourself as a calm-assertive pack leader is fundamental for a secure and well-adjusted dog.
What are the best quotes from How to Raise the Perfect Dog and what do they mean?
- “A puppy is a little like a baby—they do need a certain level of protection.”: Highlights the vulnerability of puppies and the need for careful nurturing during early development.
- “You can’t just say to your vet, ‘Here’s my dog; take care of it.’”: Emphasizes the importance of being proactive in your dog's health care.
- “Training happens twenty-four hours a day and training never stops.”: Underscores the idea that every interaction with your dog is a learning opportunity.
What specific methods does Cesar Millan recommend for training puppies?
- Calm-Assertive Energy: Use calm-assertive energy to establish yourself as the pack leader, which helps in effective training.
- Positive Reinforcement: Reward good behavior with praise or treats, reinforcing desired actions while ignoring unwanted behaviors.
- Consistent Routine: Maintain a consistent daily routine for feeding, potty breaks, and exercise to help puppies thrive.
How does Cesar Millan suggest to socialize a puppy?
- Start Early: Begin socialization as soon as you bring your puppy home to build confidence and adaptability.
- Controlled Introductions: Use calm, assertive energy for new experiences, ensuring interactions are positive and gradual.
- No Touch, No Talk, No Eye Contact: This rule helps puppies feel secure and reduces anxiety during initial introductions.
How can I choose the right puppy for my family according to How to Raise the Perfect Dog?
- Assess Energy Levels: Select a puppy with an energy level that matches your family's lifestyle for a harmonious relationship.
- Meet the Parents: Gauge the puppy's temperament and health by meeting its parents, as these traits often carry over.
- Consider Breed Characteristics: Understand the breed's characteristics and needs to ensure a good fit for your home and family dynamics.
How can I effectively housebreak my puppy as advised in How to Raise the Perfect Dog?
- Consistent Schedule: Establish a consistent feeding and potty schedule, taking the puppy outside immediately after meals and naps.
- Positive Reinforcement: Reward the puppy for going potty outside with praise or treats, reinforcing the desired behavior.
- Supervision is Key: Keep a close eye on the puppy indoors to prevent accidents, and use a crate to limit their access when you cannot supervise.
What should I do if my puppy shows signs of separation anxiety according to Cesar Millan?
- Gradual Independence: Start by leaving the puppy alone for short periods, gradually increasing the time as they become more comfortable.
- Calm Departures: Maintain a calm demeanor when leaving to help the puppy feel more secure.
- Provide Comfort Items: Leave items with your scent or a favorite toy in the crate to soothe the puppy while you are away.
How does Millan suggest to handle barking in puppies?
- One Bark is Enough: Millan believes that one bark is sufficient to alert the owner, and anything beyond that indicates anxiety or frustration.
- Claim Your Space: Use body language and energy to create an invisible boundary that discourages barking.
- Redirect Attention: Redirect the puppy's focus to a toy or activity to teach them more appropriate ways to express their energy.
What are the recommended vaccination protocols for puppies in How to Raise the Perfect Dog?
- Vaccination Schedule: Start vaccinations at six to eight weeks and continue until sixteen weeks, including core vaccines like DHPP and rabies.
- Consult Your Veterinarian: Tailor the vaccination plan to your puppy's specific needs with your vet's guidance.
- Avoid Overvaccination: Consider antibody titer testing to assess immunity levels and prevent unnecessary vaccinations.
What are the signs of a puppy entering adolescence according to How to Raise the Perfect Dog?
- Physical Changes: Expect rapid growth and changes in body structure, which may require adjustments in exercise routines.
- Behavioral Shifts: Adolescents may test boundaries and exhibit rebellious behavior, such as ignoring commands.
- Increased Energy: A surge in energy levels can lead to hyperactivity, requiring consistent training and ample exercise.
评论
读者发现米兰的方法有助于理解小狗的行为，并为训练奠定坚实的基础。许多人欣赏他对能量和沟通的关注。然而，一些批评者认为这本书缺乏具体的训练技巧，过于依赖轶事。对于一些更喜欢救援犬的读者来说，书中强调从精英饲养员那里选择小狗也是一个争议点。
