重点摘要
1. 认识自我重要性是所有痛苦的根源
“我们曾经经历的所有痛苦，我们现在经历的所有痛苦，以及我们将来会经历的所有痛苦，都是源于自我重要性。”
自我重要性是敌人。 我们对一个小的、独立的自我的执着是所有痛苦和问题的根源。这种以自我为中心的心态表现为“贪、嗔、痴、慢、疑”五毒。通过不断放纵我们的自我，我们为自己和他人延续了痛苦的循环。
认识到幻觉。 我们紧紧抓住的自我实际上并不存在于任何坚固的形式中。当我们仔细审视我们的心灵和身体时，我们发现没有永久、不变的本质。我们的自我感更像是一个有用的虚构——在世界上运作是必要的，但最终是空无自性的。
培养批判性智慧。 定期反思自我重要性如何在你的生活和关系中造成伤害。注意它如何导致痛苦的情绪、破坏性的行为以及错失真正联系和幸福的机会。这种觉察是松开自我执着的第一步。
2. 练习同理心：交换自我与他人
“简而言之，我们应该做一切正确的事情，作为修行者和我们所处社区的成员。”
逆转你的习惯倾向。 同理心，或“给予和接受”，是一种强大的冥想练习，用于培养同情心和减少自我中心。当你吸气时，想象自己承受他人的痛苦。当你呼气时，将你的幸福和健康送给他们。
从可接触的开始。 从与你最亲近的人开始练习——家人、朋友和社区成员。逐渐将你的同情心扩展到中立的人、困难的人，最终包括所有有情众生。记住，所有众生和你一样，都希望幸福并远离痛苦。
在日常生活中应用同理心。 除了正式的冥想，寻找机会在日常生活中练习交换自我与他人：
- 当你痛苦时，想到其他经历类似痛苦的人
- 当你快乐时，希望他人也能分享这种快乐
- 在冲突中，试着从对方的角度看问题
- 无期待地进行随机的善行
3. 将逆境转化为觉悟之道
“当我们这样审视时，我们意识到我们别无选择，只能战胜我们的障碍。我们的心需要胜利，因为如果不这样，我们将回到普通的自我重要状态。”
将困难视为机会。 面对挑战时，抵制简单地希望它们消失的冲动。相反，将它们视为练习耐心、同情和智慧的宝贵机会。如果以正确的态度对待，每一个障碍都可以成为你精神成长的燃料。
应用三种方法：
- 相对菩提心：利用逆境增加对他人痛苦的同情
- 绝对菩提心：认识到快乐和痛苦的空性、梦幻般的本质
- 特殊修行：积累功德，忏悔过错，供养和祈求支持
培养感恩之心。 尝试感激生活中遇到的每一个人和每一件事，尤其是那些困难的人和情况。他们是你觉醒之路上最伟大的老师。
4. 培养菩提心：觉醒之心
“当我们看到自己心中的内容时，我们也在看到世界的心。如果我们看到的是痛苦，这种洞察力就会转化为对世界的同情。”
发展菩提心的两个方面：
- 相对：为了所有众生的利益而发愿成佛
- 绝对：直接洞察一切现象的空性
练习四无量心：
- 慈心：愿所有众生幸福
- 悲心：愿所有众生远离痛苦
- 喜心：为他人的幸福和好运感到高兴
- 舍心：对所有众生保持平等、无偏的态度
将其作为生活方式。 将每一个行动都注入利益他人的意图。将你积极行为的功德回向给所有众生的觉悟。逐渐扩展你的关怀圈，直到涵盖整个宇宙。
5. 在生活和死亡中应用五力
“这些力量总结了作为修行圣法的许多基本指导的统一要点。”
日常修行的五力：
- 动机：设定明确的意图来培养菩提心
- 熟悉：持续训练同情心和智慧
- 善种：通过积极的行为积累功德
- 忏悔：认识并克服自我中心的倾向
- 愿望：将所有努力回向给所有众生的利益
在临终时应用：
- 无执着地赠送财物
- 为未来的生命做愿望祈祷
- 通过理解空性克服恐惧
- 保持菩提心作为核心动机
- 安住于超越概念的心性
现在就准备。 不要等到临终时才开始这种修行。在你的一生中熟悉这些力量，以便在你最需要它们时，它们成为第二天性。
6. 训练绝对和相对菩提心
“绝对菩提心不会在初学者的心流中产生。但相对菩提心，如果他们训练它，必定会生起。”
绝对菩提心的修行：
- 将一切现象视为梦幻般的幻象
- 审视觉知的未生本性
- 安住于阿赖耶（基础意识）
- 在后修中，保持空性的见地
相对菩提心的修行：
- 冥想自他平等
- 练习同理心（给予和接受）
- 将三毒转化为美德
- 在所有日常活动中应用菩提心
平衡两者。 虽然绝对菩提心是最终目标，但大多数修行者需要从相对修行开始，以培养同情心和减少自我执着。随着理解的加深，这两个方面自然会相互补充和加强。
7. 接受心灵训练的承诺和指导原则
“不要停留在误解中。”
关键承诺：
- 始终训练三大原则：遵守誓言，避免不考虑他人的行为，放弃偏见
- 在保持自然的同时转变你的态度
- 不要谈论他人的过错
- 不要争论或等待伏击
- 不要转移责任或利用他人的弱点
基本指导原则：
- 用一个修行（菩提心）处理一切
- 对即时和长期结果都要有耐心
- 即使分心也要保持修行
- 全心全意地训练，不要断断续续
- 通过分析和冥想解脱自己
衡量你的进步。 寻找日常生活中自我重要性减少和同情心增加的迹象。依靠你自己的诚实自我评估，而不是外界的赞扬或批评。
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FAQ
What's The Intelligent Heart about?
- Focus on Compassion: The Intelligent Heart by Dzigar Kongtrül III centers on cultivating compassion through the practice of tonglen, which involves exchanging self for others.
- Bodhisattva Wisdom: It provides commentary on the Tibetan lojong text, the Seven Points of Mind Training, aiming to awaken readers to bodhisattva wisdom—cherishing others more than oneself.
- Transforming Adversity: The book discusses transforming adversity into a path of enlightenment, encouraging readers to use challenges as opportunities for growth and compassion.
Why should I read The Intelligent Heart?
- Practical Solutions: Offers practical solutions for dealing with confusion and pain in modern life, making it relevant for today’s readers.
- Humorous and Accessible: Presents complex Buddhist concepts in a humorous and relatable manner, making teachings accessible to a wide audience.
- Deepen Understanding of Self: Guides readers toward a more altruistic mindset, enhancing overall well-being by understanding the self and reducing self-importance.
What are the key takeaways of The Intelligent Heart?
- Practice of Tonglen: Central practice involves breathing in the suffering of others and breathing out happiness, cultivating compassion and reducing self-centeredness.
- Interconnectedness of All Beings: Emphasizes that all beings share the desire for happiness and freedom from suffering, promoting a shift from self-importance to altruism.
- Transforming Adversity: Teaches that adversity can be transformed into a path of enlightenment, developing resilience and compassion through challenges.
What is the practice of tonglen as described in The Intelligent Heart?
- Exchange of Self and Other: Tonglen is a meditation technique where you visualize taking on the suffering of others while breathing in, and giving them happiness while breathing out.
- Breath as a Medium: Uses the breath as a medium for this exchange, allowing practitioners to connect deeply with their emotions and the emotions of others.
- Gradual Familiarization: Emphasizes the importance of familiarizing oneself with this practice over time to develop a more compassionate and altruistic mindset.
How does The Intelligent Heart address the concept of self-importance?
- Root of Suffering: Identifies self-importance as the root cause of all suffering, stating that all misery comes from wanting pleasure for oneself.
- Cultivating Altruism: Encourages readers to cultivate altruism and compassion by recognizing the detrimental effects of self-importance.
- Mind Training: Provides practical methods for training the mind to reduce self-importance, such as through the practice of tonglen and contemplation of interconnectedness.
What are the Seven Points of Mind Training in The Intelligent Heart?
- Structured Approach: Offers a structured framework for mind training, focusing on cultivating bodhicitta and transforming negative emotions.
- Comprehensive Teachings: Covers various aspects of mind training, including preliminaries, the main practice of bodhicitta, and transforming adversity into enlightenment.
- Practical Application: Includes practical advice and methods that can be applied in daily life, making teachings accessible and relevant for cultivating compassion.
How does The Intelligent Heart suggest we deal with adversity?
- Transforming Adversity: Teaches that adversity can be transformed into a path of enlightenment through practices like tonglen.
- Mindful Reflection: Encourages mindful reflection on experiences to see the interconnectedness of all beings, alleviating feelings of victimhood.
- Embracing Challenges: Suggests embracing challenges as opportunities for practice, leading to personal growth and a deeper understanding of compassion.
What role does gratitude play in The Intelligent Heart?
- Foundation of Compassion: Emphasizes gratitude as crucial for developing compassion, recognizing the kindness of others to foster altruism.
- Interconnectedness: Highlights that everything we have is a gift from others, reinforcing the idea of interconnectedness and deepening gratitude.
- Transforming Relationships: Practicing gratitude can transform relationships, helping to see others as valuable contributors rather than obstacles.
How can I apply the teachings of The Intelligent Heart in my daily life?
- Integrate Tonglen Practice: Incorporate tonglen into your daily routine to cultivate compassion and reduce self-centeredness.
- Mindful Interactions: Approach daily interactions with the intention of benefiting others, focusing on positive contributions to their well-being.
- Reflect on Gratitude: Take time each day to reflect on gratitude, recognizing others' contributions to your life to shift from self-importance to appreciation.
What are the best quotes from The Intelligent Heart and what do they mean?
- “All the joy the world contains comes from wishing happiness for others.”: Emphasizes that true happiness arises from altruism and caring for others.
- “Realize all faults spring from one source.”: Highlights that all suffering stems from self-importance, promoting a shift in perspective for healing.
- “When the world is full of evil, transform misfortune into the path of awakening.”: Encourages viewing challenges as opportunities for growth and transformation.
How does The Intelligent Heart define compassion?
- Altruistic Intention: Defines compassion as the altruistic intention to alleviate the suffering of others, recognizing interconnectedness.
- Active Engagement: Requires active engagement in others' well-being, expressed through acts of kindness and support.
- Foundation of Bodhicitta: Compassion is the foundation of bodhicitta, essential for the path to enlightenment and a fulfilling life.
What challenges might I face while practicing the teachings in The Intelligent Heart?
- Resistance to Change: Mind training may bring up resistance as it challenges ingrained habits of self-centeredness.
- Emotional Discomfort: Practices like tonglen can evoke discomfort as you confront others' suffering, leading to deeper understanding.
- Consistency in Practice: Maintaining a consistent practice can be challenging amidst distractions, requiring a dedicated routine.
评论
《智慧之心》因其对洛绒教义和佛教原则的通俗解释而备受读者好评。评论者赞赏作者以温和的方式处理自我重要性问题并培养同情心。许多人认为这本书富有洞察力、实用且适用于当代西方背景。一些读者指出它在理解菩萨愿和实践同情心方面的价值。虽然大多数人给它打了5星，但也有少数批评者提到佛教和写作风格的某些过时之处。总体而言，读者推荐这本书，因为它在培养同情心和无私精神方面提供了智慧和指导。
