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The Boy Who Could Change the World

The Boy Who Could Change the World

The Writings of Aaron Swartz
by Aaron Swartz
4.2
100+ ratings
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8 minutes

Key Takeaways

1. Curiosity is innate: Babies are natural learners from birth

"From their very first moments on Earth, babies get bored."

Innate drive to learn. Babies are born with an inherent curiosity and desire to understand the world around them. From a young age, they engage in systematic exploration of their environment, using all their senses to gather information and make sense of new experiences.

Joy of discovery. Infants show delight in figuring things out for themselves, as evidenced by their "vigorous smiling and cooing" when they learn to control their environment. This intrinsic motivation to learn and explore persists throughout childhood, driving children to ask endless questions and seek out new challenges.

  • Examples of baby learning:
    • Distinguishing faces and expressions
    • Understanding basic physics (e.g., object permanence)
    • Acquiring language skills
    • Developing problem-solving abilities (e.g., using tools to reach objects)

2. Traditional schooling stifles curiosity and creativity

"Fear makes you dumb."

Classroom environment. Traditional schools often create an atmosphere of fear and anxiety, where students are more concerned with avoiding embarrassment or punishment than with genuine learning. This fear-based approach inhibits critical thinking and creativity.

Passive learning model. The typical classroom setup, with students sitting quietly and listening to lectures, fails to engage children's natural curiosity and desire for hands-on exploration. This passive model of education is at odds with how humans naturally learn and process information.

  • Negative impacts of traditional schooling:
    • Reduced intrinsic motivation to learn
    • Decreased creativity and original thinking
    • Heightened anxiety and stress
    • Focus on memorization rather than understanding
    • Loss of joy in learning and discovery

3. Schools prioritize obedience over genuine learning

"Schools exist to give people an education, companies exist to make things people want, elections exist to give people a voice in how the system is run, newspapers exist to tell us what's going on. That's just how the world works."

Hidden agenda. While schools claim to be about education, their primary function is often to instill obedience and conformity. This hidden curriculum prepares students for a life of following orders and accepting authority without question.

Disconnect from real learning. The emphasis on rule-following and standardized procedures often comes at the expense of genuine understanding and critical thinking. Students learn to navigate the system rather than engage deeply with the subject matter.

  • Examples of prioritizing obedience:
    • Rigid schedules and bell systems
    • Emphasis on following directions exactly
    • Punishments for questioning authority
    • Rewards for compliant behavior
    • Limited opportunities for self-directed learning

4. Standardized testing fails to measure true understanding

"Students, of course, were not tested on how well they actually understood basic concepts but simply on how well they could answer the standard multiple-choice tests."

Shallow measurement. Standardized tests often assess superficial knowledge rather than deep understanding. They reward memorization and test-taking strategies over genuine comprehension and critical thinking skills.

Narrowed curriculum. The pressure to perform well on standardized tests leads schools to focus heavily on test preparation, often at the expense of broader learning experiences. Subjects not covered on tests, such as art, music, and physical education, are frequently reduced or eliminated.

  • Problems with standardized testing:
    • Encourages teaching to the test
    • Fails to measure creativity and problem-solving skills
    • Creates high-stress environments for students and teachers
    • Narrows the curriculum to focus on tested subjects
    • Perpetuates inequalities in education

5. The hidden curriculum: Schools prepare workers, not thinkers

"Schools are places where kids must show up every day at 8 a.m. for years on end, sit at uncomfortable desks under fluorescent lighting with a group of relative strangers, and obey arbitrary instructions from their superiors about the appropriate way to carry out repetitive intellectual assignments."

Workplace preparation. The structure and rules of traditional schooling closely mirror those of typical workplaces, suggesting that schools are designed more to create compliant workers than independent thinkers.

Emphasis on conformity. Schools reward behaviors such as punctuality, obedience, and the ability to complete repetitive tasks without complaint – skills valued more in industrial settings than in creative or intellectual pursuits.

  • Elements of the hidden curriculum:
    • Rigid schedules and time management
    • Hierarchical authority structures
    • Emphasis on following directions without question
    • Rewards for conformity and compliance
    • Limited opportunities for creativity and self-expression

6. The historical roots of schooling lie in industrial control

"As factories marched across the country, public schools followed."

Industrial origins. The modern school system was largely developed during the Industrial Revolution, with the goal of creating a disciplined and compliant workforce for factories and other industrial enterprises.

Social control. Early proponents of universal schooling often explicitly stated their intentions to use education as a means of maintaining social order and preventing labor unrest. This agenda shaped the structure and methods of schooling that persist to this day.

  • Key historical developments:
    • Rise of factory-style schools in industrial centers
    • Compulsory education laws
    • Standardization of curriculum and teaching methods
    • Introduction of age-based grade levels
    • Development of "scientific management" in education

7. Modern education reforms perpetuate the same flawed system

"Today, it seems like everyone agrees that what we need are more rigorous schools."

Superficial changes. Despite frequent calls for education reform, most proposed changes focus on intensifying existing practices (e.g., more testing, longer school days) rather than fundamentally rethinking the purpose and structure of education.

Continued emphasis on control. Modern reforms often reinforce the idea that the primary goal of education is to produce compliant, productive workers rather than fostering critical thinking and creativity.

  • Examples of misguided reforms:
    • Increased standardized testing
    • Longer school days and years
    • Stricter disciplinary policies
    • Narrower focus on "core" subjects
    • Technology integration without pedagogical change

8. Unschooling offers an alternative approach to learning

"Unschooling is a phenomenon that is still relatively small, but steadily growing."

Child-led learning. Unschooling is an educational philosophy that trusts children's natural curiosity and allows them to pursue their interests without a formal curriculum or structure.

Holistic development. This approach emphasizes learning through real-world experiences, fostering not just academic skills but also creativity, critical thinking, and social-emotional development.

  • Key principles of unschooling:
    • Learning is driven by the child's interests and questions
    • Education occurs through everyday life experiences
    • No formal curriculum or testing
    • Parents act as facilitators rather than instructors
    • Emphasis on intrinsic motivation and self-directed learning

Last updated:

Review Summary

4.2 out of 5
Average of 100+ ratings from Goodreads and Amazon.

The Boy Who Could Change the World collects Aaron Swartz's writings, showcasing his brilliance and wide-ranging interests. Reviewers praise his insightful commentary on technology, politics, education, and culture. Many find his early works particularly impressive, given his young age. While some criticize the book's organization and dated content, most appreciate Swartz's clear vision and passion for free information. Readers are often moved by his idealism and saddened by his untimely death, viewing the book as a testament to a gifted mind lost too soon.

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About the Author

Aaron Swartz was a prodigious computer programmer, writer, and political activist. He made significant contributions to web technologies, co-developing RSS and helping create Reddit. Swartz was passionate about free access to information, co-founding Creative Commons and advocating for open access to academic research. His activism extended to politics, where he founded Demand Progress and fought against internet censorship. Swartz's life was marked by remarkable achievements in technology and social justice, but ended tragically at age 26 when he took his own life while facing federal charges for bulk-downloading academic articles from JSTOR.

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