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The Myth of the Twentieth Century

The Myth of the Twentieth Century

by Alfred Rosenberg 1930 454 pages
3.67
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Key Takeaways

1. The Myth of the Blood: Race as the Source of Culture

The Myth is the Myth of the Blood, which, under the sign of the Swastika, released the World Revolution.

Race determines culture. The author posits that race is not merely a biological category but the outward manifestation of a unique "soul." This "race soul" is the fundamental creative force behind all history, religion, and culture. Values are only created and preserved where the "law of blood" determines ideas and actions, consciously or unconsciously.

Blood vs. environment. The author argues that the conflict between "blood and environment" and "blood and blood" is the ultimate phenomenon shaping human history. Attempts to create universal spiritual communities based on abstract values like "humanity" or "universal church" disregard the vital current flowing through peoples of true worth and culture, leading to spiritual degeneracy and racial mixing.

Awakening of the soul. The "Myth of the Twentieth Century" is presented as the awakening of the "Soul of the Race," specifically the "Nordic" race, which, after a long slumber, victoriously puts an end to "racial chaos." This awakening is seen as a world revolution, releasing the creative power of the blood under the symbol of the Swastika.

2. Ancient Civilizations Rose and Fell with Racial Purity

None who have disregarded the religion of the blood have escaped this nemesis -- neither the Indians nor the Persians, neither the Greeks nor the Romans.

Racial history is destiny. The author interprets the rise and fall of ancient civilizations as direct consequences of their adherence to or deviation from the "law of blood." Creative periods are attributed to the dominance of "Nordic" or "Aryan" elements, while decline is linked to racial mixing and the infiltration of "alien blood" and "alien ideas."

Examples of racial decline:

  • India: The "Aryan" Indoaryans created a profound worldview and the caste system (Varna meaning color) to preserve racial purity, but later mixing with "racially inferior aborigines" led to "bastardisation," loss of creative thought, and degeneration.
  • Persia: The "Aryan" Persians under Zoroaster attempted to protect the race through endogamy, but dilution of "Aryan blood" in Asia led to decline, with later influences on Judaism and Christianity seen as corruptions.
  • Greece: Successive waves of "Nordic" tribes (Achaeans, Dorians, Macedonians) created incomparable culture by subjugating "racially alien aborigines," but exhaustion and infiltration by "near eastern" forces led to "racial bastardisation" and the vanishing of the "Hellenes."
  • Rome: Founded by a "Nordic folkish wave," ancient Rome built strength through "sound breeding" and fought against "orientalism," but legalizing mixed marriages and immigration of "alien racial immigration" led to a "degraded mass of characterless human rabble" and eventual collapse under "racial chaos."

The "Nordic" origin. The author speculates on a prehistoric "Nordic cultural centre," possibly Atlantis, from which "swarms of warriors" fanned out, bringing their culture and solar myths to various parts of the world, forming ruling strata in Egypt, Persia, India, and Greece.

3. Honour and Duty: The Core Nordic Values

Honour, like a mother, provides Men with life in the world, Dishonour consumes life, Even if the body's well being prospers.

Defining Nordic character. The author identifies "honour" and "duty," stemming from "consciousness of inward freedom," as the paramount formative values for the "Nordic, Germanic west." These values are seen as the spiritual backbone of the race, driving individuals to seek independence, fight to the last man, and prioritize loyalty and self-control over material gain or personal feelings.

Contrast with other values. This "manly concept of honour" is contrasted with values like "love" and "sympathy" (or "fellow feeling"), which, when they become predominant, are argued to lead to "racial national and cultural dissolution." The author claims that while love directs itself at the individual, honour is a "typeforming power" essential for race and state.

Historical manifestations. The concept of honour is traced through various periods and figures:

  • Ancient Indian heroic songs (Mahabaratam)
  • Greek heroes (Thermopyle Spartans, Abydos)
  • Viking self-reliance and personal honour
  • Germanic knightly honour and loyalty (Song of the Nibelungen, Hildebrandlied)
  • Prussian officer's sense of duty (Frederick the Great, Moltke)

Honour as a permanent base. Despite diverse forms and historical circumstances, the author asserts that "our metaphysical nature still feels the mark of honour as its permanent base," distinguishing the German spirit from other national characteristics like Russian religious feeling, French aestheticism, or English tradition.

4. The Roman Church: A Foreign System of Spiritual Slavery

But with Christianity, a different spiritual value penetrated through and laid claim upon first place; love, in the sense of humility, mercy, subjection and asceticism.

Christianity as an alien import. The author views Roman Christianity, particularly in its Pauline and Augustinian forms, as a "Levantine import" that inflicted a "sore blow" against the "soul of Nordic Europe." It is characterized as a "servile religion" that, through a "violent merging of diverse elements," disregarded race and nation and sought "subjection not only of bodies but also of souls."

Critique of Christian values. The Christian emphasis on "love, humility, mercy, subjection and asceticism" is seen as incompatible with "Nordic" values of "honour, dignity, self assertion, pride." The author argues that the church used the idea of love to pursue "power politics," breaking the "impulse to resistance" and promoting a "herd and a shepherd" mentality.

Roman system and its origins. The Roman church is described as a "self deifying league of priests," a continuation of "priestly societies of hither and central Asia" (Egypt, Babylon, Etruria). Practices like monasticism, tonsure, rosary, and kissing the pope's feet are cited as evidence of its "African in origin" or "Asiatic" roots, contrasting with the "Germanic spirit."

Suppression of Nordic spirit. The church is accused of systematically eliminating "personal honour, family honour, race honour, national honour" and suppressing "freedom of natural inquiry" through the Inquisition, Index, and other means, particularly targeting figures embodying the "Germanic spirit" like Meister Eckehart.

5. The Germanic Spirit: Dynamic Will and Creative Art

The dynamic Germanic nature never expresses itself in flight from the world, but in overcoming it, in struggle with it.

Beyond contemplation. The author argues that the "Nordic spirit" is fundamentally dynamic, not static or contemplative. Unlike Indian philosophy seeking dissolution or Greek art emphasizing repose, Germanic art and thought are characterized by "eternal becoming and struggle for being," driven by a "willed cosmic spiritual laws."

Mysticism and action. German mysticism, particularly Meister Eckehart's teachings, is presented as a key expression of this spirit. Eckehart's concept of "freedom of the soul," "detachment," and the "spark" within, is interpreted as the "highest self consciousness" and the "metaphysical allegory of the ideas of honour and freedom," not a passive abandonment of self. This mysticism is paired with a strong emphasis on "will" and "fruitful works."

Art as willed creation. Nordic western art is seen as embodying this dynamic will. It is not primarily concerned with formal beauty or objective representation (like Greek art) but with expressing "supreme spiritual action" and "inner strength."

  • Gothic architecture: An attempt to shape "spatial art out of a metaphysical feeling of time," striving upward, overcoming gravity, embodying the "dynamic western soul."
  • Painting: Emphasizes "spiritual movement," "inward motive power," and the "art of personality" (Rembrandt, Michael Angelo), contrasting with Greek focus on the body.
  • Music: The "greatest artistic experience on the will," a "reinterpretation of the world," awakening "formative powers" in the listener (Bach, Beethoven, Wagner).

Personality as the core. The concept of "personality" (will plus reason) is central, seen as the "spiritual in man opposed to the material," the "inward and ceaselessly active force," and the "primordial riddle of the Germanic soul." This contrasts with "persona" (instinct plus understanding) and mere "individuality."

6. Modern Degeneracy: Racial Chaos and Ideological Decay

That human type which first began to gain predominance in the France of 150 years ago, has since 1918 -- financed by the wealth of the Levant -- assumed the leadership of democracy in Germany.

Post-WWI collapse. The author views the period after World War I, particularly in Germany, as a culmination of centuries of "racial chaos" and ideological decay. The war is seen as having weakened the "Nordic" element, allowing "democratic men of the east and their bastardised accomplices in the large cities" to gain ascendancy.

Critique of modern ideologies:

  • Democracy: Characterized as "the dominion of the near east over the Greek tribes" in antiquity and, in modern Germany, a "form of French politics" originating from "natural affinity between decadent spirits." It is linked to "rule of money rather than of character" and "spiritual sterility."
  • Marxism: Described as a "frightful swindle" of the working class, controlled by "Jewish finance, Jewish leaders and the Jewish... ideology." It is seen as a "folkish destroying ravings against the property values of all nations," aiming to "destroy the nation."
  • Liberalism: Accused of promoting "limitless materialistic individualism," "faceless ecumenicalism," and "unbridled bastardy," leading to "spiritual degeneracy" and the "dissolution of the entire inner tension necessary for organic creation."
  • Humanitarianism: Seen as a "doctrine decomposing all commandments of life and the life forms of people and state," leading to the protection of "the inferior, the sick, crippled, criminal and rotten."

Artistic and cultural decline. This period of "racial chaos" is reflected in modern art and culture, which the author sees as degenerate, "bastard art" produced by "bastard miscarriages produced by spiritual syphilis." This is contrasted with the "Nordic ideal of beauty" and the "formative will" of earlier European art.

7. Judaism: A Parasitic "Antirace" Hostile to Nordic Life

On Mount Zion a dream was cultivated for centuries, the dream of gold, of power, of lies and hatred.

Judaism as an "antirace". The author presents Judaism not merely as a religion or people but as a parasitic "antirace" fundamentally opposed to "Nordic" values and life forms. Its "Myth of the chosen" is seen as a "delusions of grandeur" driving a "parasitical devaluation of creative life."

Characteristics of Jewish "parasitism":

  • Economic: Driven by a "dream of gold, of power," engaging in "black magic of politics and trade," "unscrupulous moral code," "usurious money lending," "international stock market piracy," and "financial interest."
  • Spiritual/Cultural: Lacking "truly spiritual and artistic creativity," producing "dishonourable law," "degenerate Heinrich Heine," "technically formally correct" music (Mendelssohn), "sham, affectation, quantity, virtuosity" (Mahler, wonder children), promoting "black art," "pornographic journalist," "Jewish brothel literature."
  • Political: Engaging in "political conspiracy," "betrayal," "alliance with the antireligious Marxists," "folkish destroying finance capital," and aiming for "world domination."

Eternal denial. The author claims that from the "demon of eternal denial" springs the "uninterrupted gnawing away at all expressions of the Nordic soul," an "inner impossibility to say yes to the greatness of Europe," and an "everlasting combating of a real cultural form in the service of shapeless anarchism."

Zionism and Bolshevism. Modern Zionism is interpreted not as a genuine national movement but as a "partial idea of pan Asiaticism," a "spiritual and political link" to "Red Bolshevism," aiming to strengthen "horizontal parasiticism" and march "in the ranks of the wakening Asiatic peoples."

8. Feminism and the Sexes: Decay of Natural Polarity

Everywhere that a mythic shaping of the world, a great epic or drama, or a scientific hypothesis explaining the cosmos has appeared in world history, a man stands behind them as creator.

Sexual polarity is essential. The author asserts that alongside racial polarity, sexual polarity (male and female) is a fundamental natural law creating "organic tension and creation." Man and woman have distinct, equally important roles, with man as the primary creator of "state and Marriage," "mythic shaping," "epic or drama," and "scientific hypothesis."

Feminism as a sign of decay. Modern feminism is viewed as a symptom of "cultural decline and decay of the state," arising in "times of external catastrophes and inner disintegration." It is seen as an unnatural movement that joins with "emancipated woman" and "feminist man" to become a "symbol of cultural decline."

Critique of feminist demands:

  • Political equality: Seen as a "deliberate reaching out for control of the state," leading to "evident decay" as woman lacks the "strength of both intuitive and intellectual vision" and views things "lyrically or intellectually, never viewing things as a whole."
  • Erotic freedom: Demanding "erotic freedom and the removal of sexual restraints," leading to "erotic anarchy," "abortion and contraception," and the potential for "racial decay through miscegenation."
  • Economic independence: Leading to women entering the workforce, lowering men's wages, increasing unmarried women and prostitution, and ultimately seeking a "parasitical life at the expense of male strength."

Woman's true role. The author defines woman's essential role as the "eternal guardian of the subconscious" and the "preservation of our race." Her "holiest and greatest task today" is "preaching of remaining pure in race," guarding the "unconscious," "unconcentrated," and "original life" upon which culture depends.

9. Law and Politics: Must Serve Folkish Honour, Not Abstract Principles

An ancient Indian principle of law from prehistoric Nordic times runs: Law and Unlaw do not walk around and say: We are this. Law is what Aryan men discover to be right.

Law as a racial construct. The author rejects the idea of abstract, universal law, arguing that "law is a blood related scheme," "a system of religion and art," "linked for eternity to a certain blood with which it appears and with which it passes away." True law is "what Aryan men discover to be right," rooted in "folkish honour."

Critique of Roman and modern law:

  • Roman Law: Characterized as "purely private capitalistic," "sanctified in the hands of unrestricted state idolatry," promoting "economic individualism," and lacking reference to "race and folk" or "folkish honour."
  • Modern Law: Seen as a continuation of Roman principles, leading to "intellectual desolation," protection of "dishonourable interests," "disregard for all German concepts of law," and the triumph of "money in itself" as an "unrestricted ruler."

Honour as the legal basis. The author advocates for a legal system where "folkish honour" is the supreme value.

  • Insults to the German people must be punishable offenses.
  • National traitors and those who pollute the race must be severely punished (imprisonment, expulsion, death).
  • Dishonourable actions must lead to loss of citizenship rights.
  • Self-help is justified if courts fail to protect honour.

Politics serves the folk. Politics, in its "statesmanlike" form, must serve the "external security for the purpose of strengthening of a folkdom." Law and politics are "two different expressions of the same will which stands in the service of our highest racial value."

10. The Coming Reich: A Racial State Based on Honour and Selection

The spirit of the future has today finally announced its demands. From the 30th of January, 1933 onward, its rule has begun.

The state serves the folk. The author envisions a new "German Reich" where the state is not an end in itself but a means to preserve the "folkish concept." The "nation is the first and last consideration to which everything else is to be subordinated." This contrasts with the previous state which became "separated from the organic body of the people."

Rejection of old systems:

  • Monarchy: While acknowledging its historical role, the author sees the danger of dynastic decay and the need for a system based on merit, not just birthright.
  • Republic/Democracy: Dismissed as "soulless," "dishonourable," "tool of disintegration," and a product of "money bags" and "party lists, not personalities."
  • Parliamentarianism: Seen as a "cancerous illness," promoting irresponsibility and cowardice.

New principles of governance:

  • Leadership: Decisions made by "responsible personalities," not anonymous masses.
  • Selection: Leaders appointed
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Review Summary

3.67 out of 5
Average of 100+ ratings from Goodreads and Amazon.

The Myth of the Twentieth Century received mixed reviews, with some praising its historical insights and others criticizing its racist ideology. Readers found it intellectually challenging but morally reprehensible. Many noted its influence on Nazi philosophy and its anti-Semitic, anti-Christian themes. Some appreciated Rosenberg's analysis of art and mythology, while others found the writing tedious and poorly argued. The book's racial theories and revisionist history were widely criticized. Overall, it was seen as a significant but deeply problematic work of Nazi ideology.

Your rating:
4.09
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About the Author

Alfred Ernst Rosenberg was a key figure in Nazi Germany, serving as head of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories and playing a crucial role in developing Nazi ideology. He was responsible for formulating many core Nazi beliefs, including racial theory, anti-Semitism, and the concept of Lebensraum. Rosenberg rejected traditional Christianity and promoted a new Nazi faith. He authored influential works on Nazi philosophy and held several important government positions. After the war, Rosenberg was tried at Nuremberg for war crimes and executed by hanging. His writings and ideas significantly shaped Nazi thought and policy during the Third Reich.

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