The Tao Of Coaching

1. Coaching is about enhancing performance and learning through dynamic interaction

Coaching aims to enhance the performance and learning ability of others.

Dynamic process. Coaching is not a one-way flow of instructions, but a collaborative effort between coach and coachee. It involves providing feedback, asking effective questions, and motivating individuals to reach their full potential. The goal is to help people help themselves, fostering self-reliance and continuous improvement.

Benefits both parties. Effective coaching not only enhances the coachee's performance but also benefits the coach. Coaches often report:

• Creating more time for themselves by developing their team's skills
• Enjoying work more due to improved relationships
• Achieving better results as a team
• Building stronger interpersonal skills that apply beyond the workplace

2. Asking questions is more powerful than telling in coaching conversations

The pivotal question is often more powerful than the instruction, as Socrates knew.

Socratic method. By asking thoughtful questions instead of providing direct answers, coaches encourage coachees to think critically and develop their own solutions. This approach leads to deeper understanding and ownership of the learning process.

Types of questions:

• Open-ended questions that encourage exploration
• Probing questions that delve deeper into issues
• Reflective questions that promote self-awareness
• Hypothetical questions that stimulate creative thinking

Active listening. Coaches should practice active listening, paying attention to both verbal and non-verbal cues. This helps in formulating relevant follow-up questions and demonstrates genuine interest in the coachee's perspective.

3. Effective feedback is specific, timely, and focuses on observable behaviors

Coaches don't focus exclusively on the coachee. In fact, great coaches have a high degree of self awareness.

AID framework. When providing feedback, use the AID approach:

• Actions: Describe specific, observable behaviors
• Impact: Explain the effect of these actions
• Desired outcome: Discuss ways to improve or maintain performance

Timeliness. Deliver feedback as soon as possible after the observed behavior to ensure relevance and maximize learning opportunities.

Balance. Provide a mix of positive reinforcement and constructive criticism. Start with positive observations to create a receptive atmosphere before addressing areas for improvement.

4. The GROW model provides a structured approach to coaching sessions

A glance at the contents page and the glossary of this book will show you in more detail the tool kit of the great coach.

GROW framework. This model structures coaching conversations into four key stages:

• Goal: Establish clear objectives for the session
• Reality: Explore the current situation and challenges
• Options: Brainstorm possible solutions and strategies
• Wrap-up: Agree on specific actions and next steps

Flexibility. While providing structure, the GROW model allows for flexibility in the time spent on each stage, depending on the coachee's needs and the specific situation.

Accountability. The wrap-up stage is crucial for ensuring follow-through. Coaches should help coachees set specific, measurable action steps and establish a timeline for implementation.

5. Understanding different personality types improves coaching effectiveness

Managers and staff who fail to receive feedback (for whatever reason) disable an important self correcting mechanism and aid to personal productivity.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Familiarize yourself with personality assessment tools like MBTI to better understand individual preferences and communication styles. This knowledge helps tailor coaching approaches to each coachee's needs.

Key MBTI dimensions:

• Extraversion vs. Introversion
• Sensing vs. Intuition
• Thinking vs. Feeling
• Judging vs. Perceiving

Adaptability. Recognize that different personality types may require different coaching styles. For example, introverts might prefer written communication or one-on-one sessions, while extroverts may thrive in group settings.

6. Adapt your coaching style based on the coachee's skill and will

To help you do this, use the Skill/Will matrix.

Skill/Will matrix. This tool helps coaches determine the appropriate leadership style based on the coachee's competence (skill) and motivation (will) for a specific task:

• High skill, high will: Delegate
• High skill, low will: Excite
• Low skill, high will: Guide
• Low skill, low will: Direct

Dynamic approach. Regularly reassess the coachee's skill and will levels, as they may change over time. Adjust your coaching style accordingly to ensure continued growth and development.

Building competence. For low-skill situations, focus on providing clear instructions, demonstrations, and opportunities for practice. Gradually reduce support as the coachee's competence increases.

7. Motivation is key: help coachees visualize success and build confidence

Good coaches habitually make explicit with the coachee the context for their forthcoming interactions.

Visualization. Help coachees create a vivid mental image of their desired outcome. This enhances motivation and provides a clear target to work towards.

Confidence cycle. Foster a positive cycle of confidence by:

1. Helping coachees understand their current level of motivation
2. Assisting them in creating a compelling vision of success
3. Providing ongoing support, praise, and coaching

Personalized motivation. Recognize that different individuals are motivated by different factors. Use tools like motivation assessments to identify what drives each coachee and tailor your approach accordingly.

8. Cultural awareness is crucial when coaching across diverse backgrounds

Cultural differences do not arise only from national, racial or religious origins – e.g., people new to your organisation may still be heavily influenced by the culture of their previous employer.

Cultural dimensions. Be aware of cultural differences in areas such as:

• Communication styles (direct vs. indirect)
• Power distance (hierarchical vs. egalitarian)
• Individualism vs. collectivism
• Time orientation (short-term vs. long-term focus)

Adaptability. Adjust your coaching style to accommodate cultural norms while maintaining the core principles of effective coaching. This may involve modifying your communication style, feedback approach, or goal-setting process.

Open dialogue. Encourage open discussions about cultural differences and their potential impact on the coaching relationship. This fosters mutual understanding and respect.

9. Team coaching requires establishing clear goals and fostering collaboration

The whole team participates in drafting work plan.

Team charter. Facilitate the creation of a team charter that outlines:

• Shared purpose and goals
• Individual roles and responsibilities
• Communication norms and expectations
• Decision-making processes

Regular check-ins. Schedule periodic team coaching sessions to assess progress, address challenges, and reinforce collaborative behaviors.

Cross-functional skills. Encourage team members to develop complementary skills and share knowledge, fostering a more versatile and resilient team.

10. Mentoring goes beyond coaching to provide long-term career guidance

Mentoring and coaching are very similar activities. The only real difference is that the coach focuses on building the coachee's ability to accomplish specific tasks, whereas the mentor has a wider perspective.

Holistic approach. Mentoring encompasses a broader range of support, including:

• Career guidance and long-term planning
• Sharing industry insights and organizational knowledge
• Providing networking opportunities
• Offering personal and professional advice

Trust-building. Establish a strong foundation of trust by maintaining confidentiality, showing genuine interest in the mentee's development, and sharing your own experiences and challenges.

Balancing support and challenge. Effective mentors provide both emotional support and constructive challenge, helping mentees grow beyond their comfort zones while feeling supported in their journey.

Last updated: May 12, 2025