When Helping Hurts

1. Poverty is rooted in broken relationships, not just lack of resources

Poverty is the result of relationships that do not work, that are not just, that are not for life, that are not harmonious or enjoyable. Poverty is the absence of shalom in all its meanings.

Holistic understanding of poverty. Poverty goes beyond material deprivation. It stems from broken relationships in four key areas:

• With God: Lack of spiritual intimacy and purpose
• With self: Low self-esteem, shame, and hopelessness
• With others: Dysfunctional families and communities
• With creation: Inability to be good stewards of resources

This relational view of poverty has profound implications for how we approach poverty alleviation. Simply providing material resources often fails to address the root causes. Effective interventions must aim to restore these broken relationships holistically.

2. Avoid paternalism: Don't do for others what they can do for themselves

Avoid Paternalism. Do not do things for people that they can do for themselves.

Empowerment over dependency. Paternalism in poverty alleviation efforts can:

• Undermine people's dignity and self-worth
• Create unhealthy dependency
• Reinforce feelings of inferiority
• Waste resources on unnecessary interventions

Instead, focus on:

• Identifying and mobilizing people's existing assets and abilities
• Encouraging active participation in problem-solving
• Providing support that complements local efforts
• Fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility

3. Asset-based community development empowers the poor

Instead of looking outside the low-income individual or community for resources and solutions, ABCD starts by asking the materially poor how they can be stewards of their own gifts and resources, seeking to restore individuals and communities to being what God has created them to be from the very start of the relationship.

Focus on strengths, not deficits. Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD):

• Starts by identifying existing resources, skills, and strengths
• Asks "What's right?" before "What's wrong?"
• Empowers people to be active participants in their own development
• Builds on local knowledge and capacities
• Fosters dignity, self-reliance, and community ownership

This approach contrasts with needs-based methods that can reinforce feelings of inadequacy and dependency. By recognizing and mobilizing local assets, ABCD helps restore people's sense of agency and purpose.

4. Relief, rehabilitation, and development require different approaches

One of the biggest mistakes that North American churches make—by far—is in applying relief in situations in which rehabilitation or development is the appropriate intervention.

Appropriate interventions for different stages. Understanding the distinctions:

1. Relief: Urgent, immediate assistance to reduce suffering

   • Appropriate for: Natural disasters, acute crises
   • Characterized by: Provider-receiver dynamic

2. Rehabilitation: Restoring people to pre-crisis conditions

   • Appropriate for: Post-disaster recovery, transitional periods
   • Characterized by: Working alongside affected individuals

3. Development: Ongoing process of empowerment

   • Appropriate for: Chronic poverty, long-term community transformation
   • Characterized by: Participatory approaches, local ownership

Misapplying these approaches can lead to harm. For example, providing ongoing relief in a development context can create dependency and undermine local initiative.

5. Short-term missions can hurt more than help if done improperly

Sometimes, that is what it is like to do mission with you Americans... It is like dancing with an Elephant.

Rethinking short-term missions. Potential pitfalls of short-term missions include:

• Reinforcing paternalistic attitudes
• Undermining local leadership and initiatives
• Creating dependency on outside resources
• Failing to address root causes of poverty

To improve short-term missions:

• Focus on learning and relationship-building
• Support long-term, locally-led development efforts
• Ensure projects are requested by and beneficial to the local community
• Prepare teams with cultural sensitivity and appropriate expectations
• Emphasize partnership and mutual transformation

6. Economic development strategies can foster dignity and self-reliance

Material poverty alleviation is working to reconcile the four foundational relationships so that people can fulfill their callings of glorifying God by working and supporting themselves and their families with the fruit of that work.

Empowering economic interventions. Effective strategies include:

1. Jobs preparedness ministries

   • Develop soft skills and work readiness
   • Connect job seekers with employers
   • Provide ongoing mentorship and support

2. Financial education

   • Teach biblical stewardship principles
   • Improve money management skills
   • Address predatory lending practices

3. Savings and credit associations

   • Foster community-based savings and lending
   • Build financial discipline and social capital
   • Provide access to capital for small businesses

These approaches go beyond handouts to foster long-term economic empowerment and restore dignity through work and stewardship.

7. Effective poverty alleviation requires addressing both individuals and systems

Both systems and individuals are broken. Hence, poverty-alleviation efforts need to address both broken systems and broken individuals, using highly relational approaches wherever possible.

Holistic transformation. Poverty is perpetuated by:

• Individual factors: Worldviews, behaviors, skills
• Systemic factors: Economic policies, social structures, discrimination

Effective interventions must:

• Address personal transformation through discipleship and skill-building
• Work to change unjust systems and structures
• Empower individuals and communities to advocate for themselves
• Recognize the interconnectedness of personal and societal change

This dual focus helps avoid oversimplified solutions that fail to address the complexity of poverty's root causes.

8. Participatory methods are key to sustainable community transformation

The goal is to restore people to a full expression of humanness, to being what God created us all to be, people who glorify God by living in right relationship with God, with self, with others, and with the rest of creation.

Empowering local ownership. Participatory approaches:

• Value local knowledge and perspectives
• Foster community ownership of development processes
• Build capacity for problem-solving and decision-making
• Lead to more sustainable and contextually appropriate solutions

Key participatory tools:

• Learning conversations
• Asset mapping
• Community visioning exercises
• Participatory planning and evaluation

These methods contrast with top-down, externally-driven development that often fails to create lasting change.

9. Cross-cultural partnerships demand humility and mutual learning

We are not bringing Christ to poor communities. He has been active in these communities since the creation of the world, sustaining them "by his powerful word" (Heb. 1:3). Hence, a significant part of working in poor communities involves discovering and appreciating what God has been doing there for a long time!

Cultural humility in partnerships. Effective cross-cultural engagement requires:

• Recognizing our own cultural biases and limitations
• Valuing local knowledge and expertise
• Being aware of power dynamics in relationships
• Listening and learning before proposing solutions
• Seeing ourselves as co-learners, not saviors

Practical steps:

• Invest time in building relationships and trust
• Seek to understand local culture, history, and context
• Be willing to adjust plans based on local input
• Celebrate and learn from local expressions of faith and resilience

10. The local church plays a vital role in holistic poverty alleviation

As the body of Christ, the church should seek to do the same.

Church-centered community development. The local church is uniquely positioned to:

• Address both material and spiritual needs holistically
• Provide long-term presence and relationships in communities
• Mobilize volunteers and resources for sustainable change
• Offer a biblical framework for human flourishing
• Model reconciled relationships and community

Effective church-based poverty alleviation:

• Integrates evangelism and social action
• Empowers and equips local believers for ministry
• Partners with other churches and organizations
• Addresses both immediate needs and systemic issues

11. Poverty alleviation is about restoring people to their God-given purpose

The goal is not to make the materially poor all over the world into middle-to-upper-class North Americans, a group characterized by high rates of divorce, sexual addiction, substance abuse, and mental illness.

Holistic human flourishing. True poverty alleviation aims to:

• Restore people's identity as image-bearers of God
• Enable people to fulfill their calling to glorify God
• Foster right relationships with God, self, others, and creation
• Promote stewardship of resources and talents

This vision goes beyond mere economic advancement to encompass spiritual, social, and cultural flourishing. It recognizes that material wealth alone does not lead to human thriving.

12. Repentance and worldview transformation are essential for both helper and helped

Without such repentance, our efforts to help the materially poor are likely to do harm both to them and to us.

Mutual transformation. Effective poverty alleviation requires:

For helpers:

• Repenting of god-complexes and savior mentalities
• Recognizing our own brokenness and need for grace
• Abandoning materialistic definitions of poverty and success
• Embracing a biblical worldview of human dignity and purpose

For those being helped:

• Overcoming fatalism and victimhood mentalities
• Recognizing their God-given dignity and potential
• Embracing responsibility for personal and community change
• Developing a biblical understanding of work and stewardship

This mutual process of repentance and worldview shift is essential for creating truly transformative partnerships in poverty alleviation efforts.

Last updated: November 19, 2024