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Woke Racism

Woke Racism

How a New Religion Has Betrayed Black America
by John McWhorter 2021 224 pages
3.93
6k+ ratings
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Key Takeaways

1. The "Elect" are adherents of a new religion, not a political movement

To see them this way is not to wallow in derision, but to genuinely grasp what they are.

A new faith emerges. The "Elect" represent a modern secular religion, complete with sacred texts, clergy, and notions of sin and salvation. This ideology, often labeled as "wokeness" or "social justice," has roots in academic theories but has evolved into a belief system that shapes worldviews and behaviors. Like traditional religions, it offers comfort, community, and a sense of purpose to its adherents.

Key religious elements:

  • Sacred texts: Works by authors like Ta-Nehisi Coates, Robin DiAngelo, and Ibram X. Kendi
  • Clergy: Academic and cultural figures who interpret and spread the ideology
  • Original sin: "White privilege" and systemic racism
  • Rituals: Public confessions of privilege and antiracist "work"
  • Heresy: Questioning or critiquing core tenets of the ideology

Understanding the "Elect" as a religious movement helps explain why rational debate often fails to sway true believers and why the ideology has spread so rapidly through institutions and culture.

2. Third Wave Antiracism harms black people while claiming to help them

Third Wave Antiracism, in its laser focus on an oversimplified sense of what racism is and what one does about it, is content to harm black people in the name of what we can only term dogma.

Unintended consequences. While Third Wave Antiracism claims to fight for black empowerment, its policies and rhetoric often have detrimental effects on the very people it aims to help. This approach tends to infantilize black Americans and discourage personal responsibility and achievement.

Examples of harmful effects:

  • Lowering academic standards in the name of equity, leading to underprepared students
  • Discouraging assimilation into mainstream culture, limiting economic and social opportunities
  • Promoting a victim mentality that can be psychologically damaging and demotivating
  • Alienating potential allies by labeling all disagreement as racism

The focus on systemic racism and white privilege, while important to acknowledge, can overshadow more immediate and practical solutions to improving black lives.

3. The "Elect" ideology is based on contradictory and illogical tenets

Each component by itself serves to condemn whites as racist. To apologize shows your racism; to be refused the apology, too, shows your racism.

Logical inconsistencies abound. The core beliefs of the "Elect" often contradict each other or defy common sense. This internal inconsistency is a hallmark of religious thinking rather than rational political discourse.

Examples of contradictory tenets:

  • Encouraging diversity while discouraging cultural appropriation
  • Demanding recognition of racial differences while claiming race is a social construct
  • Insisting on the importance of black voices while dictating what those voices should say
  • Calling for colorblindness and race-consciousness simultaneously

These contradictions make it difficult to engage with the ideology on a rational level, as any critique can be met with an opposing tenet. This flexibility allows the belief system to persist despite logical challenges.

4. Unequal outcomes do not always indicate unequal opportunities

Social history is too complex to yield to the either/or gestures of KenDiAngelonian propositions.

Complexity of causation. The "Elect" often attribute any disparity in outcomes between racial groups to systemic racism. However, this oversimplification ignores the multitude of factors that contribute to individual and group success.

Factors influencing outcomes beyond racism:

  • Cultural values and norms
  • Family structure and stability
  • Education quality and approach
  • Economic conditions and opportunities
  • Individual choices and efforts

While racism undoubtedly plays a role in some disparities, addressing other contributing factors may be more effective in improving outcomes for black Americans. Focusing solely on racism as the cause of all inequality can lead to misguided policies and missed opportunities for meaningful change.

5. Claims of racism and victimhood should be scrutinized, not automatically accepted

As often as not today, what the person "feels" is based on what they have been taught to "feel" by a paradigm that teaches them to exaggerate and even fabricate the "feeling."

Critical thinking required. The "Elect" ideology often insists that all claims of racism or racial victimhood must be accepted without question. However, this approach can lead to false accusations, misallocation of resources, and a breakdown of trust between racial groups.

Reasons to scrutinize claims:

  • Some claims may be exaggerated or fabricated for attention or personal gain
  • Misunderstandings or cultural differences can be mistaken for racism
  • Accepting all claims without question can trivialize genuine instances of racism
  • Uncritical acceptance can lead to policies that harm rather than help

Encouraging critical thinking and open dialogue about racial issues, rather than automatic acceptance or dismissal, can lead to more productive and honest conversations about race in America.

6. Three practical steps to improve black lives: end the war on drugs, teach phonics, promote vocational training

What ails black America in the twenty-first century would yield considerably to exactly three real-world efforts that combine political feasibility with effectiveness.

Actionable solutions. Instead of focusing on abstract concepts of systemic racism, McWhorter proposes three concrete policy changes that could significantly improve the lives of many black Americans:

  1. End the war on drugs:

    • Reduce incarceration rates for non-violent offenses
    • Decrease violence associated with illegal drug trade
    • Allow for regulated, safer drug use
  2. Teach phonics in schools:

    • Improve reading skills, especially for disadvantaged students
    • Enhance overall academic performance and opportunities
    • Address the achievement gap at its root
  3. Promote vocational training:

    • Provide alternative paths to economic success beyond four-year colleges
    • Address skills gaps in the labor market
    • Reduce student debt burdens

These practical steps focus on addressing specific barriers to success rather than attempting to dismantle abstract systems of oppression.

7. Stand up to "Elect" ideology by treating it as a religion, not unquestionable truth

Standing up to this performance art will be easier if we always keep in mind that Elect philosophy is actual religion, pure and simple.

Resist ideological pressure. Recognizing the "Elect" ideology as a form of religion allows individuals to resist its demands more effectively. Just as one might respectfully disagree with religious proselytizing, it's possible to engage with "Elect" ideas without accepting them as unquestionable truth.

Strategies for standing up to "Elect" pressure:

  • Politely but firmly decline to participate in ideological rituals or confessions
  • Question the logical basis for claims and policies
  • Advocate for viewpoint diversity and open dialogue
  • Support those who face cancellation or professional consequences for dissent

By treating "Elect" ideas as one perspective among many, rather than as revealed truth, it's possible to create space for more diverse and productive conversations about race and social justice.

8. Focusing on impact over intent can lead to misguided policies and accusations

The idea is to strike a happy medium between the poles? But there's no way that the people promulgating this "race thing" litany would ever allow that anyone had.

Intentions matter. The "Elect" often argue that impact matters more than intent when it comes to racial issues. While this principle can be valuable in some contexts, taking it to an extreme can lead to unfair accusations and counterproductive policies.

Problems with focusing solely on impact:

  • Innocent mistakes or cultural misunderstandings can be labeled as racism
  • Well-intentioned policies with unintended negative consequences are demonized
  • The complexity of human interaction is reduced to a binary of oppressor and oppressed
  • Dialogue and understanding between groups becomes more difficult

Balancing considerations of both impact and intent allows for more nuanced and fair assessments of racial issues, fostering an environment where people can learn from mistakes and work together toward positive change.

Last updated:

FAQ

What's "Woke Racism: How a New Religion Has Betrayed Black America" about?

  • Overview: The book by John McWhorter critiques what he terms "Third Wave Antiracism," which he argues has become a new religion that is harmful to Black America.
  • Main Argument: McWhorter contends that this ideology, while claiming to fight racism, actually infantilizes Black people and stifles genuine progress.
  • Structure: The book is divided into chapters that explore the characteristics of this new "religion," its appeal, and its impact on society and Black Americans.
  • Purpose: McWhorter aims to provide a pragmatic approach to improving Black lives, focusing on actionable solutions rather than performative activism.

Why should I read "Woke Racism"?

  • Critical Perspective: The book offers a critical perspective on contemporary antiracism movements, challenging widely accepted narratives.
  • Pragmatic Solutions: McWhorter proposes practical solutions to issues facing Black America, such as ending the war on drugs and improving education.
  • Cultural Insight: It provides insight into how certain ideologies can become dogmatic and counterproductive, affecting societal progress.
  • Engaging Writing: McWhorter's engaging writing style makes complex social issues accessible and thought-provoking.

What are the key takeaways of "Woke Racism"?

  • New Religion: McWhorter argues that modern antiracism has become a religion with its own dogmas and rituals.
  • Harmful Effects: He believes this ideology harms Black people by promoting a victim mentality and discouraging self-reliance.
  • Practical Solutions: The author suggests focusing on ending the war on drugs, improving reading education, and promoting vocational training.
  • Challenge to Dialogue: McWhorter emphasizes the need for open dialogue and critical thinking, rather than accepting dogma without question.

How does John McWhorter define "Third Wave Antiracism"?

  • Definition: Third Wave Antiracism is described as a movement that treats racism as a pervasive, structural issue that requires constant acknowledgment and atonement from white people.
  • Religious Elements: McWhorter likens it to a religion, complete with original sin (white privilege), clergy (prominent antiracist authors), and rituals (public confessions of privilege).
  • Critique: He argues that it focuses more on performative gestures than on practical solutions to racial issues.
  • Impact: According to McWhorter, this ideology can be divisive and counterproductive, hindering genuine progress for Black Americans.

What are the practical solutions proposed in "Woke Racism"?

  • End the War on Drugs: McWhorter advocates for the decriminalization of drugs to reduce incarceration rates and violence in Black communities.
  • Improve Reading Education: He emphasizes the importance of phonics-based reading instruction to improve literacy rates among Black children.
  • Promote Vocational Training: The author suggests making vocational training as accessible and valued as a college education to provide more opportunities.
  • Focus on Real Change: McWhorter calls for a shift from performative activism to actions that have tangible benefits for Black communities.

What does McWhorter mean by "Elects" in "Woke Racism"?

  • Definition: "Elects" refers to individuals who adhere to the dogmas of Third Wave Antiracism, viewing themselves as morally superior.
  • Characteristics: They are often seen as intolerant of differing opinions and quick to label dissenters as racists or heretics.
  • Impact: McWhorter argues that Elects dominate cultural and educational institutions, stifling open dialogue and critical thinking.
  • Challenge: He calls for standing up to the Elects and promoting a more reasoned and inclusive approach to addressing racial issues.

How does "Woke Racism" address the concept of "white privilege"?

  • Original Sin: McWhorter describes white privilege as the original sin in the religion of Third Wave Antiracism, requiring constant acknowledgment and atonement.
  • Critique: He argues that this focus on privilege can be counterproductive, leading to performative guilt rather than meaningful action.
  • Alternative View: The author suggests that addressing systemic issues directly, rather than fixating on privilege, would be more effective in achieving racial equality.
  • Impact on Dialogue: McWhorter believes that the emphasis on white privilege stifles open dialogue and critical examination of racial issues.

What are the criticisms of "Woke Racism" towards modern antiracism movements?

  • Performative Activism: McWhorter criticizes modern antiracism for being more about virtue signaling than effecting real change.
  • Infantilization of Black People: He argues that these movements often treat Black people as victims who need saving, rather than as capable individuals.
  • Stifling Dialogue: The book contends that the dogmatic nature of these movements discourages open discussion and critical thinking.
  • Focus on Guilt: McWhorter believes that the emphasis on white guilt detracts from addressing systemic issues in a practical way.

What are the best quotes from "Woke Racism" and what do they mean?

  • "The Elect are our Pharisees." This quote compares the Elect to religious leaders who focus on dogma rather than genuine moral action, highlighting their performative nature.
  • "We must stop being afraid of these people." McWhorter encourages readers to stand up to the Elect and challenge their dogmas, promoting open dialogue and critical thinking.
  • "Racism is not the sole cause of all Black problems." This statement challenges the notion that racism is the root of all issues facing Black Americans, advocating for a more nuanced understanding.
  • "Elect philosophy is, in all innocence, a form of racism in itself." McWhorter argues that the condescending attitudes of the Elect towards Black people can be seen as a new form of racism.

How does "Woke Racism" suggest we address educational disparities?

  • Phonics-Based Reading: McWhorter advocates for phonics-based reading instruction to improve literacy rates among Black children, arguing it's more effective than other methods.
  • Vocational Training: He suggests promoting vocational training as a viable alternative to college, providing more opportunities for those who may not pursue higher education.
  • Focus on Practical Skills: The author emphasizes the importance of equipping students with practical skills that can lead to stable employment and economic mobility.
  • Challenge to Current Systems: McWhorter calls for a reevaluation of current educational practices that may not serve the needs of all students, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds.

What role does McWhorter see for open dialogue in addressing racial issues?

  • Essential for Progress: McWhorter believes that open dialogue is crucial for understanding and addressing complex racial issues, rather than adhering to dogmatic beliefs.
  • Challenge to Dogma: He argues that challenging the dogmas of Third Wave Antiracism is necessary to foster genuine understanding and progress.
  • Encouragement of Critical Thinking: The author advocates for critical thinking and questioning of widely accepted narratives to find practical solutions.
  • Resistance to Intimidation: McWhorter calls for standing up to those who stifle dialogue through intimidation and labeling, promoting a more inclusive and reasoned approach.

How does "Woke Racism" address the concept of "identity"?

  • Against Essentialism: McWhorter criticizes the idea that identity should be primarily defined by race and opposition to whiteness, arguing it limits individuality.
  • Focus on Individuality: He advocates for recognizing the individuality of Black people, rather than reducing them to a monolithic identity based on victimhood.
  • Critique of Identity Politics: The book challenges the emphasis on identity politics, suggesting it can be divisive and counterproductive.
  • Encouragement of Diverse Perspectives: McWhorter calls for embracing diverse perspectives and experiences, rather than adhering to a singular narrative of racial identity.

Review Summary

3.93 out of 5
Average of 6k+ ratings from Goodreads and Amazon.

Woke Racism receives mixed reviews, with many praising McWhorter's critique of what he calls "Third Wave Antiracism" as a quasi-religious ideology that harms Black Americans. Supporters find his arguments compelling and necessary, while critics argue he oversimplifies complex issues and creates straw man arguments. Some reviewers appreciate his proposed solutions, including ending the war on drugs and improving education. The book is seen as provocative and thought-provoking, though opinions vary widely on its overall effectiveness and accuracy.

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About the Author

John Hamilton McWhorter is an American academic, linguist, and author known for his work on language and race relations. As an Associate Professor at Columbia University, he teaches linguistics, American studies, philosophy, and music history. McWhorter's research focuses on creole language formation and grammar changes influenced by sociohistorical factors. He has written numerous books and articles for various publications, including Time, The Wall Street Journal, and The Atlantic. McWhorter is a contributing editor at The Atlantic and hosts Slate's Lexicon Valley podcast. His work often addresses controversial topics related to race and culture in America.

Other books by John McWhorter

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