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Daniels' Running Formula

Daniels' Running Formula

作者 Jack Daniels 1998 304 页数
4.25
4k+ 评分
9 分钟

重点摘要

1. 通过轻松跑建立坚实的有氧基础

轻松跑(E)通常在早晨进行,或作为一天两次跑步计划中的第二次跑步。它们也用于热身和冷却阶段的早期阶段,以及高强度训练间的恢复期。

基础建设至关重要。 任何成功的长跑训练计划的基础是通过持续的轻松跑来发展有氧能力。这使身体逐渐适应,增强心脏,增加毛细血管密度,并改善脂肪氧化。

轻松跑应占总训练量的约80%。其好处包括:

  • 增强心肌
  • 增加肌肉的血液供应
  • 提高细胞处理氧气的能力
  • 与高强度训练相比,降低受伤风险

初学者应在前4-6周几乎完全专注于轻松跑,然后再引入任何更快的训练。即使是有经验的跑者,也应在赛季初期花费大量时间进行基础建设。

2. 根据具体生理目标调整训练强度

长跑成功的四个关键因素——或任何其他追求的成功因素,按顺序是:天赋、动机、机会和方向。

针对关键系统。 有效的训练必须对特定的生理系统施加压力以驱动适应。主要发展组件包括:

  • 心血管系统(心脏和血管)
  • 肌肉耐力
  • 乳酸阈值
  • 最大摄氧量(有氧能力)
  • 跑步经济性
  • 速度/力量

每种训练强度对应于改善特定系统:

  • 轻松跑:有氧发展,脂肪氧化
  • 阈值跑:乳酸清除,可持续速度
  • 间歇训练:最大摄氧量提高
  • 重复训练:速度、力量、经济性

平衡这些不同的强度可以实现全面的体能发展。具体的组合取决于跑者的比赛重点和当前的体能水平。

3. 使用VDOT确定最佳训练速度

VDOT反映了个人在比赛中调用的一切。

个性化训练速度。 VDOT是由丹尼尔斯开发的一个指标,用于估算跑者的当前体能水平并确定适当的训练强度。它基于最近的比赛表现,并考虑了最大摄氧量和跑步经济性。

使用VDOT表格,跑者可以确定最佳速度用于:

  • 轻松/长跑
  • 马拉松速度
  • 阈值跑
  • 间歇训练
  • 重复训练

这个系统消除了猜测,确保训练在正确的强度下进行,以驱动适应而不过度训练。随着体能的提高,VDOT增加,允许训练中的渐进过载。

4. 通过不同的训练类型增加训练的多样性

变化是生活的调味品,也是训练的调味品。

混合训练。 一个全面的训练计划包括几种类型的训练,以针对不同的生理系统并防止厌倦:

  1. 轻松跑:建立有氧基础
  2. 长跑:耐力和脂肪利用
  3. 节奏跑:乳酸阈值
  4. 巡航间歇:持续的阈值努力
  5. 最大摄氧量间歇:有氧能力
  6. 重复训练:速度和经济性
  7. 山地训练:力量和力量
  8. 法特莱克:混合速度,心理多样性

结合这些不同的训练确保全面的体能发展,并有助于保持动力。具体的组合取决于跑者的目标和当前的体能水平。

5. 逐渐增加里程和强度以防止受伤

不要让总里程主导你的训练思维,以至于忽略了其他类型的训练。

谨慎进展。 跑者最常见的错误之一是过快增加训练量或强度,导致受伤或倦怠。丹尼尔斯建议:

  • 每3周增加一次周跑量
  • 每天跑步的增加量限制在1英里(例如,每周跑5次,每次增加5英里)
  • 每周增加量限制在10英里
  • 在增加之前保持新里程3周
  • 遵循“2小时规则”——单次跑步不应超过2小时
  • 逐步引入质量训练,从重复训练开始,然后是间歇训练

通过遵循这些指南,跑者可以稳步建立体能,同时将受伤风险降至最低。长期的一致性是长期进步的关键。

6. 根据不同的比赛距离和地形调整训练

跑者往往在任何时候都有一定量的液体摄入感到舒适。

特异性很重要。 训练应根据目标比赛距离和赛道条件的具体需求进行调整。关键考虑因素包括:

比赛距离适应:

  • 800米-1500米:更多速度训练,较少里程
  • 5K-10K:速度和耐力的平衡
  • 马拉松:高里程,马拉松速度跑

地形适应:

  • 山地:结合山地重复和起伏路线
  • 越野:在不平坦的表面上练习,增强脚踝力量
  • 田径场:在田径场上进行一些训练以判断速度

环境因素:

  • 高温:逐渐适应,练习补水
  • 高海拔:调整速度,允许适应时间
  • 风:练习在风中跟随和配速

通过在训练中模拟比赛条件,跑者可以发展所需的身体和心理技能,以实现最佳表现。

7. 培养心理韧性和比赛策略

在比赛的前2/3用头脑跑,最后1/3用心跑。

心态很重要。 身体准备至关重要,但心理技能可以决定比赛日的成败。需要培养的关键心理方面包括:

  • 目标设定:现实但具有挑战性的目标
  • 可视化:心理排练比赛场景
  • 积极自我对话:对抗消极思想
  • 专注技巧:口号、计数、分散注意力
  • 疼痛管理:接受不适是暂时的

比赛策略考虑:

  • 配速:均匀或负分裂以实现最佳表现
  • 战术:定位、跟随、冲刺
  • 赛道管理:山丘、转弯、风
  • 补给:在训练中练习比赛日的营养

通过在训练中结合心理训练,模拟比赛情况并练习应对策略,可以为比赛日的挑战建立信心和韧性。

8. 优先恢复并防止过度训练

力量来自于胜利的信心和接受及评估失败的能力。

休息至关重要。 恢复是适应发生的时间,使其与训练本身同样重要。过度训练的迹象包括:

  • 持续疲劳
  • 表现下降
  • 情绪变化
  • 静息心率升高
  • 频繁生病或受伤

恢复策略:

  • 在高强度训练之间安排轻松日
  • 定期休息日(每周1-2天)
  • 充足的睡眠(每晚7-9小时)
  • 营养补充和修复
  • 主动恢复(轻度交叉训练)
  • 按摩、泡沫滚动、拉伸

每3-4周定期减少训练量和强度有助于防止过度训练。听从身体的信号并根据需要调整训练,以保持长期的一致性。

9. 优化营养、补水和装备以提高表现

确保在理想的天气条件下和相对平坦的地形上进行节奏跑,因为这次训练的目标是保持长时间的稳定强度。

细节很重要。 虽然训练是基础,但优化其他因素可以显著影响表现:

营养:

  • 足够的碳水化合物以提供能量
  • 蛋白质用于肌肉修复
  • 训练前/后的餐食时间安排
  • 比赛日的补给策略

补水:

  • 每日液体摄入
  • 电解质平衡
  • 在训练中练习比赛日的补水

装备:

  • 根据脚型和地形选择合适的鞋子
  • 吸湿排汗的衣物
  • 适合天气的层次
  • 比赛专用装备(如比赛鞋、补水包)

在训练中进行实验,找到最适合自己的方法。不要在比赛日尝试任何新事物。

10. 将训练分阶段进行以达到最佳表现

记住终点线在比赛的最后。不要在到达终点前耗尽所有能量。

战略性计划。 丹尼尔斯建议将训练年分为不同阶段,以优化表现:

  1. 基础和伤害预防(FI):建立基础,专注于轻松跑
  2. 早期质量(EQ):引入更快的跑步,发展技术
  3. 过渡质量(TQ):增加强度,比赛特定训练
  4. 最终质量(FQ):为目标比赛达到巅峰,减少训练量

关键原则:

  • 逐渐增加强度和特异性
  • 每个阶段留出足够的时间(至少4-6周)
  • 在阶段之间安排休息周
  • 根据个人需求和比赛日程调整阶段持续时间

这种分阶段的方法允许系统地发展体能,同时减少受伤风险并优化巅峰表现时间。

最后更新日期:

FAQ

What's Daniels' Running Formula about?

  • Comprehensive Training Guide: Daniels' Running Formula by Jack Daniels is a detailed guide on running training, focusing on various training intensities and methods to improve performance for runners of all levels.
  • Scientific Approach: The book combines scientific principles of exercise physiology with practical training advice, making it accessible for both beginners and elite athletes.
  • Structured Training Plans: It includes structured training plans for different race distances, emphasizing the importance of understanding one's own fitness level and how to tailor training accordingly.

Why should I read Daniels' Running Formula?

  • Expert Insights: Written by renowned coach and exercise physiologist Jack Daniels, the book offers insights based on decades of research and coaching experience.
  • Applicable to All Runners: Whether you're a beginner or an elite athlete, the training principles and methods can be adapted to suit your individual needs and goals.
  • Improvement Focus: The book emphasizes injury prevention and performance improvement, making it a valuable resource for anyone looking to enhance their running capabilities.

What are the key takeaways of Daniels' Running Formula?

  • Four Key Ingredients: Success in running is based on inherent ability, motivation, opportunity, and direction, as outlined in the introduction.
  • Training Intensity Levels: The book categorizes training into five levels: easy runs, marathon-pace runs, threshold training, interval training, and repetition training, each serving a specific purpose.
  • VDOT System: Daniels introduces the VDOT system, a performance-based measure that helps runners determine appropriate training paces based on their current fitness levels.

What is the VDOT system in Daniels' Running Formula?

  • Performance Measurement: The VDOT system is a way to quantify a runner's current fitness level based on race performances, allowing for tailored training intensities.
  • Training Paces: By knowing their VDOT value, runners can easily determine the appropriate paces for various types of training, such as easy runs, threshold runs, and intervals.
  • Dynamic Adjustments: The VDOT value can be adjusted based on race performances, ensuring that training remains relevant and effective as fitness improves.

How does Daniels' Running Formula address injury prevention?

  • Foundation Training: The book emphasizes the importance of a solid foundation through easy running and injury prevention training, particularly in the early phases of a training program.
  • Gradual Progression: Daniels advises against rapid increases in mileage or intensity, recommending that runners adhere to the principle of increasing training loads gradually to avoid injuries.
  • Listening to Your Body: Runners are encouraged to monitor their physical responses to training and adjust their plans accordingly, ensuring they do not push beyond their limits.

What are the different training levels discussed in Daniels' Running Formula?

  • Easy Runs (E): These are low-intensity runs that build a solid aerobic base and promote recovery.
  • Marathon-Pace Runs (M): These runs help runners practice the pace they intend to race at during marathons, typically lasting between 90 and 150 minutes.
  • Threshold Training (T): This includes tempo runs and cruise intervals, aimed at improving endurance and the ability to sustain higher intensities without accumulating excessive lactic acid.

How can I determine my marathon pace using Daniels' Running Formula?

  • Use VDOT Tables: By referencing the VDOT tables, you can find your marathon pace based on your recent race performances.
  • Incremental Runs: Daniels suggests performing incremental runs where you gradually increase your pace to find a comfortable marathon pace that you can sustain.
  • Practice in Races: Participating in half-marathons or other races at marathon pace can provide practical experience and help you gauge your readiness for the marathon.

What is the significance of threshold training in Daniels' Running Formula?

  • Improves Endurance: Threshold training, which includes tempo runs and cruise intervals, is crucial for enhancing a runner's ability to maintain a high intensity for longer periods.
  • Lactate Clearance: This type of training helps improve the body's ability to clear lactate from the bloodstream, allowing runners to perform at higher intensities without fatigue.
  • Structured Workouts: Daniels provides specific guidelines for conducting threshold workouts, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the correct pace to achieve the desired physiological benefits.

How does Daniels' Running Formula define interval training?

  • High-Intensity Workouts: Interval training involves running at a high intensity (95-100% of VO2max) for short durations, followed by recovery periods. This method is designed to improve speed and aerobic capacity.
  • Optimal Duration: The ideal duration for interval work is typically between three to five minutes, allowing the body to reach maximum oxygen consumption. This duration strikes a balance between intensity and recovery.
  • Recovery Importance: Daniels emphasizes that recovery time should be equal to or slightly less than the work duration. This ensures that each interval is performed at the desired intensity without excessive fatigue.

What are the phases of training outlined in Daniels' Running Formula?

  • Phase I - Base Building: This phase focuses on building a solid aerobic base through easy running and injury prevention. It typically lasts several weeks and is crucial for new runners.
  • Phase II - Quality Training: In this phase, runners begin to incorporate quality workouts, such as tempo runs and intervals, to improve speed and endurance. It prepares the body for more intense training.
  • Phase III - Peak Training: This is the most demanding phase, where runners focus on high-intensity workouts and race-specific training. It aims to maximize performance before tapering for races.

What is the importance of recovery in Daniels' Running Formula?

  • Injury Prevention: Recovery is essential for preventing injuries, as it allows the body to repair and strengthen itself after workouts. Daniels states, "The best way to improve is to allow your body to recover."
  • Performance Enhancement: Proper recovery can lead to improved performance, as it helps maintain energy levels and reduces fatigue. This is crucial for sustaining high-quality training over time.
  • Mental Refreshment: Recovery also provides a mental break from the rigors of training, helping to maintain motivation and enjoyment in the sport. This balance is key to long-term success.

How does Daniels' Running Formula address race preparation?

  • Prerace Routine: Daniels emphasizes the importance of having a consistent prerace routine to mentally and physically prepare for competition. This includes warm-ups, nutrition, and mental strategies.
  • Tapering Strategy: The book outlines effective tapering strategies to ensure peak performance on race day. Tapering involves reducing training volume while maintaining intensity to allow for recovery.
  • Race Goals: Setting realistic race goals is crucial, as Daniels advises runners to focus on specific performance objectives rather than just finishing times. This helps maintain motivation and focus during races.

评论

4.25 满分 5
平均评分来自 4k+ 来自Goodreads和亚马逊的评分.

《丹尼尔斯跑步公式》因其科学的训练方法而备受跑者推崇。读者们赞扬VDOT系统能够确定最佳训练速度,并且书中提供了详细的不同距离训练计划。许多人发现它显著提高了他们的表现。这本书被认为内容全面,涵盖了从生理学到伤病预防的各个方面。一些评论者指出,这本书最适合中级到高级跑者,少数人觉得写作风格较为晦涩。总体而言,对于那些想要提升训练和比赛水平的严肃跑者来说,这本书被认为是必读之作。

Your rating:

关于作者

杰克·丹尼尔斯是一位著名的跑步教练和前现代五项奥运奖牌得主。他拥有运动生理学博士学位,并在跑步运动领域有超过50年的经验。丹尼尔斯曾指导过众多精英运动员和奥运选手,因而被誉为美国顶尖的长跑教练之一。他最为人熟知的是创建了VDOT系统,这是一种基于当前体能水平来确定最佳训练速度的方法。杰克·丹尼尔斯撰写了多本关于跑步和训练的书籍,其中《丹尼尔斯跑步公式》是他最著名的作品。他科学的训练方法使他获得了《跑者世界》杂志授予的“世界最佳跑步教练”的称号。

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