重点摘要
1. 坚韧:激情与毅力的结合
坚韧是指对你非常在乎的事情保持忠诚。
定义坚韧。 坚韧是激情(持续的兴趣)和毅力(坚持不懈)在长期目标上的结合。它不仅仅是努力工作,而是即使面对挫折也能长期坚持自己的目标。坚韧的人:
- 有一个明确的顶级目标,组织并赋予他们所做的一切以意义
- 多年来对这个目标表现出一致的兴趣和努力
- 从失败和挫折中反弹,将其作为学习机会
衡量坚韧。 安吉拉·达克沃斯开发的坚韧量表衡量一个人的坚韧度。它评估的因素包括:
- 长期兴趣的一致性
- 努力工作并克服挑战的能力
- 完成所开始事情的倾向
- 为长期目标努力的意愿
较高的坚韧分数与各个领域的成功相关,从学术到体育再到商业。
2. 天赋被高估了:努力才是关键
我们的潜力是一回事,我们如何利用它是另一回事。
天赋神话。 社会往往过分强调天赋是成功的关键。然而,研究表明,努力远比天赋重要。达克沃斯提出了两个简单的公式来解释这一点:
- 天赋 x 努力 = 技能
- 技能 x 努力 = 成就
努力出现了两次,因为它既培养技能又使技能变得有成效。这意味着一个天赋较少但更有坚韧的人可以超越一个天赋更高但坚韧度较低的人。
努力胜过天赋的例子:
- 全国拼字比赛:更有坚韧的选手练习更多,表现更好
- 西点军校:坚韧预测了谁能完成艰苦的夏季训练,而不是学术或体能分数
- 销售:坚韧预测了谁会留在工作岗位上并超越同事
关键的结论是,长期的持续努力,而不是天生的能力,才是长期成功和成就的真正驱动力。
3. 在承诺之前发展你的兴趣
热情常见,耐力稀有。
兴趣发展是一个过程。 与普遍看法相反,激情并不是完全形成后才被发现的。它们是通过以下方式逐渐发展起来的:
- 接触新事物
- 积极的反馈和鼓励
- 知识和技能的逐步加深
这个过程通常需要数年时间,并涉及许多错误的开始和死胡同。
兴趣发展的阶段:
- 早期接触和好奇心
- 积极参与和学习
- 建立联系并看到相关性
- 找到更深的意义和目的
发展兴趣的建议:
- 尝试许多不同的活动,尤其是在年轻时
- 给新兴趣时间成长,不要轻易放弃
- 寻找支持性的环境和导师
- 寻找将兴趣与更广泛目标和价值观联系起来的方法
记住,兴趣随着时间的推移会演变和变化。关键是保持对新体验的开放,同时也给自己机会在真正吸引你的领域发展深度。
4. 通过刻意练习提高技能
通向卓越没有捷径。发展真正的专业知识,解决真正困难的问题,这一切都需要时间——比大多数人想象的要长。
刻意练习。 并非所有的练习都是平等的。刻意练习是一种特定类型的练习,能导致卓越的表现。关键要素包括:
- 专注于改进表现的特定方面
- 立即反馈结果
- 通过反思和改进进行重复
刻意练习通常具有挑战性,并非本质上令人愉快。它需要超越舒适区并面对自己的弱点。
实施刻意练习:
- 为每次练习设定具体、有挑战性的目标
- 寻求专家反馈和指导
- 专注于技术和质量,而不仅仅是练习的数量
- 定期分析自己的表现并找出改进的领域
- 创建一致的练习例程并坚持下去
刻意练习的实际例子:
- 游泳运动员专注于完善他们的泳姿技术,而不仅仅是游泳圈数
- 音乐家慢慢而有条不紊地排练困难的段落,而不是演奏整首曲子
- 销售人员模拟具有挑战性的客户互动并分析他们的表现
记住,刻意练习本身也是一种可以随着时间发展起来的技能。开始时小步前进,保持一致,并逐渐增加练习的挑战和复杂性。
5. 将工作与更大的目标联系起来
激情的成熟在于你相信你的工作有意义。
找到目的。 坚韧的人通常将他们的工作与超越自我的目标联系起来。这种目的感在困难时期提供了动力和韧性。培养目的感:
- 反思你的工作如何惠及他人
- 寻找使当前工作更有意义的方法
- 寻找鼓舞人心的榜样和导师
三种工作取向:
- 工作:关注物质利益(薪水、安全)
- 职业:关注晋升和声望
- 使命:关注内在奖励和对社会的贡献
那些将工作视为使命的人往往更有坚韧和对生活更满意。
发展目的感的策略:
- 在你的领域做志愿者或无偿工作
- 指导他人并分享你的知识
- 寻找创新和解决重要问题的机会
- 将日常任务与组织的更广泛使命联系起来
- 反思你的工作如何与个人价值观一致
记住,目的感通常是逐渐发展起来的。首先寻找小方法来产生积极影响,并让你的目的感随着时间的推移而增长。
6. 培养成长型思维以增强坚韧
无论你认为你能,还是认为你不能——你都是对的。
成长型思维与固定型思维。 拥有成长型思维的人相信能力可以通过努力和学习来发展。这与固定型思维形成对比,后者认为能力是天生的、不可改变的。成长型思维对于发展坚韧至关重要,因为它:
- 鼓励将挑战视为学习的机会
- 在面对挫折时促进韧性
- 培养对学习和自我提升的热爱
培养成长型思维:
- 认识到挣扎和失败是学习过程的一部分
- 专注于努力和策略,而不仅仅是结果
- 寻找超越当前能力的挑战
- 将批评视为改进的宝贵反馈
- 培养好奇心和学习的欲望
成长型思维的实际例子:
- 一个学生将糟糕的考试成绩视为改变学习方法的动力,而不是智力有限的标志
- 一个运动员将失败视为识别弱点和改进的机会
- 一个企业家将失败的企业视为宝贵的学习经验
记住,思维本身是可以改变的。通过有意识地采用成长导向的观点,你可以随着时间的推移增加你的坚韧和成功的潜力。
7. 在你的环境中创造坚韧文化
如果你想变得更有坚韧,找到一个坚韧的文化并加入它。如果你是领导者,并且希望你的组织中的人更有坚韧,创造一个坚韧的文化。
文化对坚韧的影响。 我们沉浸其中的文化强烈地影响我们的行为和态度。为了增加坚韧:
- 与坚韧的人为伍
- 加入重视毅力和长期承诺的组织
- 如果你是领导者,积极培养坚韧的文化
创造坚韧文化:
- 设定并传达明确的、有挑战性的长期目标
- 庆祝努力和毅力,而不仅仅是天赋
- 在组织内分享坚韧和韧性的故事
- 提供刻意练习和技能发展的机会
- 鼓励成长型思维并从失败中学习
坚韧文化的例子:
- 西雅图海鹰队在教练皮特·卡罗尔的带领下,强调持续改进和竞争
- 美国西点军校,灌输纪律和毅力
- 一些以严格的招聘和发展过程而闻名的公司,如麦肯锡或谷歌
记住,文化是通过一致的行动和信息随着时间的推移而创造的。作为领导者或团队成员,你自己的坚韧行为为他人树立了榜样。
8. 父母和导师:支持但要求严格
育儿、教学、指导和教练的工作在许多方面都是为下一代培养坚韧的工作。
育儿悖论。 培养孩子和学徒坚韧的最有效方法是既高度支持又高度要求。这种“明智”的育儿方式:
- 提供情感上的温暖和鼓励
- 设定高标准和期望
- 提供自主权和尊重
明智育儿和指导的策略:
- 在自己的生活中树立坚韧的榜样
- 鼓励探索多样的兴趣
- 支持在选择的领域进行刻意练习
- 帮助将活动与更大的目标联系起来
- 教导并树立成长型思维
- 允许缺乏努力的自然后果
- 庆祝努力和进步,而不仅仅是成就
明智育儿的实际例子:
- 鼓励孩子在选择的活动中坚持一个完整的季节,然后再放弃
- 在挫折期间提供情感支持,同时也一起思考改进的方法
- 允许孩子在面对挑战任务时挣扎,而不是立即介入帮助
记住,培养坚韧需要时间。对你的方法保持耐心和一致,认识到小的行动和信息在多年中积累起来,塑造孩子的性格和应对挑战的方式。
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FAQ
What's Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth about?
- Focus on Grit: The book explores grit, defined as a combination of passion and perseverance, as a key predictor of success. Duckworth argues that talent alone is insufficient without sustained effort.
- Research-Based Insights: Duckworth uses psychological research, personal anecdotes, and interviews with high achievers to illustrate her points. She emphasizes that grit can be developed and is not a fixed trait.
- Practical Applications: The book offers strategies for cultivating grit in oneself and others, especially in educational and parenting contexts, encouraging readers to embrace challenges and persist.
Why should I read Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth?
- Challenging Conventional Wisdom: The book challenges the myth that innate talent is the primary driver of success, offering a fresh perspective on achievement.
- Inspiring Stories: It includes compelling stories of individuals who exemplify grit, making the concepts relatable and motivating.
- Actionable Strategies: Duckworth provides practical advice on fostering grit, making it a valuable resource for educators, parents, and anyone looking to improve perseverance.
What are the key takeaways of Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth?
- Grit Over Talent: Duckworth emphasizes that grit—passion and perseverance—plays a more significant role in achieving success than talent alone.
- Grit Can Be Developed: The book argues that grit is not a fixed trait; it can be cultivated through interest, practice, purpose, and hope.
- Growth Mindset Importance: Duckworth highlights the value of a growth mindset, where individuals believe they can improve through effort and learning.
What is the Grit Scale in Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth, and how does it work?
- Measuring Grit: The Grit Scale is a self-assessment tool developed by Duckworth to measure an individual's level of grit, consisting of statements related to perseverance and passion.
- Components of the Scale: It assesses how consistent one's interests are over time and how resilient they are in the face of setbacks.
- Interpreting Scores: Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater grit, helping individuals reflect on their own levels of grit and identify areas for growth.
How can I develop more grit in my life according to Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth?
- Cultivate Interest: Explore what genuinely interests you and engage in activities that spark your curiosity.
- Practice Deliberately: Focus on deliberate practice, which involves setting specific goals, seeking feedback, and pushing your limits.
- Find Purpose: Connect your interests to a larger purpose that benefits others, enhancing motivation and commitment.
What role does parenting play in developing grit according to Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth?
- Parenting for Grit: Parents can foster grit by encouraging perseverance and supporting their children's interests.
- Modeling Behavior: Parents should model grit themselves, demonstrating how to face challenges and persist through difficulties.
- Encouraging Autonomy: Allow children to pursue their interests independently while providing guidance and support.
What is the relationship between grit and success in Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth?
- Grit Predicts Achievement: Duckworth presents evidence that grit is a strong predictor of success across various domains, including education, business, and sports.
- Long-Term Commitment: Success often requires long-term commitment and the ability to overcome obstacles, both hallmarks of gritty individuals.
- Resilience in Adversity: Gritty individuals are more likely to bounce back from failures and setbacks, viewing them as opportunities for growth.
How does a growth mindset relate to grit in Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth?
- Belief in Improvement: A growth mindset is the belief that abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work, essential for cultivating grit.
- Resilience in Failure: Individuals with a growth mindset view setbacks as opportunities for learning and growth, fostering resilience and perseverance.
- Encouraging Others: Promoting a growth mindset in others can help them develop grit, involving praising effort and learning rather than innate talent.
What role does passion play in developing grit according to Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth?
- Passion as a Driver: Passion fuels the motivation to pursue long-term goals, making it a crucial component of grit.
- Cultivating Interests: Exploring and cultivating interests over time can lead to a deeper passion for specific pursuits.
- Connecting to Purpose: Connecting one's passion to a larger purpose enhances motivation and commitment.
What is the significance of hope in developing grit according to Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth?
- Hope as a Motivator: Hope involves the belief that one’s efforts can lead to improvement, essential for grit.
- Resilience Through Adversity: Hope helps individuals bounce back from failures and maintain their commitment to long-term goals.
- Cultivating Hope: Focusing on setting achievable goals and recognizing progress fosters hope and supports grit development.
What are some practical strategies for fostering grit in children according to Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth?
- Encourage Exploration: Allow children to explore various interests and activities without pressure to excel immediately.
- Promote a Growth Mindset: Teach children that effort leads to improvement and that setbacks are a natural part of learning.
- Set High Expectations: Encourage children to set challenging goals and support them in pursuing those goals with perseverance.
What are the best quotes from Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth and what do they mean?
- “Effort counts twice.”: This quote highlights the importance of hard work in transforming talent into achievement.
- “Grit is passion and perseverance for long-term goals.”: It emphasizes that both passion and perseverance are necessary for sustained success.
- “In the long run, grit may matter more than talent.”: This challenges the belief that talent is the primary driver of success, arguing that grit is a more reliable predictor of achievement.
评论
《坚毅:激情与毅力的力量》收到了褒贬不一的评价。许多读者认为这本书充满启发性和洞察力,赞扬达克沃斯关于努力比天赋更重要的研究。他们欣赏书中关于如何在自己和他人身上培养坚毅的实用建议。然而,批评者认为这本书内容重复,过于关注职业成功,且未能解决社会经济因素。一些人质疑达克沃斯主张的科学严谨性。尽管存在批评,许多读者仍然认为这本书关于毅力和韧性的讯息具有价值。
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