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Loving Learning

Loving Learning

How Progressive Education Can Save America's Schools
作者 Tom Little 2015 256 页数
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重点摘要

1. 进步教育:一个百年历史的教育方法在今天依然具有相关性

进步教育在以儿童为中心的环境中,为学生积极参与民主社会做好准备,并始终致力于社会正义。

起源与演变。 进步教育在20世纪初作为对僵化的工业化学校模式的回应而出现。约翰·杜威、弗朗西斯·帕克和玛丽亚·蒙台梭利等先驱倡导一种更全面、以儿童为中心的学习方法。他们的理念,包括动手体验、项目式学习和民主课堂,为现代进步学校奠定了基础。

持续的相关性。 尽管面临批评和衰退时期,进步教育的核心原则在当今快速变化的世界中仍然高度相关。其对批判性思维、创造力和社会责任的重视,与21世纪成功所需的技能高度契合。进步学校继续创新,调整其方法以应对当代挑战,同时保持其基本价值观。

2. 以儿童为中心的学习:激发学生的兴趣和情感

我怀疑杜威是否曾考虑过让孩子们选择是否上课,顺便说一句,我也没有。

平衡结构与自主性。 进步教育者认识到激发学生自然好奇心和兴趣的重要性。这种方法并不意味着完全自由,而是结构与自主性的巧妙平衡。教师作为引导者,帮助学生在确保他们发展基本技能和知识的框架内探索他们的兴趣。

情感参与。 进步学校优先考虑学生的情感健康,理解学习与孩子的情感密切相关。这包括:

  • 创建安全、支持的课堂环境
  • 鼓励自我表达和创造力
  • 在学术目标的同时解决社会情感需求
  • 促进师生之间的强大关系

3. 动手体验式学习胜过死记硬背

当谈到让学校更像生活时,没有什么比给学生真实的工作更能比拟的了。

通过实践学习。 进步学校强调动手体验式学习,而不是被动吸收信息。这种方法包括:

  • 项目式学习
  • 实地考察和社区参与
  • 将学科与现实应用联系起来的跨学科研究
  • 学徒和实习

更深的理解。 通过参与现实任务和项目,学生对概念及其实际应用有更深的理解。这种方法不仅增强了记忆,还培养了解决问题的能力、创造力和在不同背景下应用知识的能力。

4. 建立强大的学校社区促进学术和个人成长

进步教育者对以儿童为中心的教育的信念并不意味着孩子在学习过程中永远不应该感到沮丧或不舒服。他们应该如此,教师也应该如此。

社区即课程。 进步学校将学校社区本身视为课程的重要组成部分。这包括:

  • 定期的班会和全校集会
  • 混龄学习小组和指导计划
  • 需要团队合作和沟通的协作项目
  • 让学生参与学校决策过程

强大社区的好处。 研究表明,感到与学校社区有联系的学生在学业上表现更好,行为问题更少,社会情感技能更强。这些紧密联系的社区还为学生提供了一个安全的空间,让他们敢于冒险、犯错并从中成长。

5. 在课堂上平衡自由与结构

给予孩子们过多的自由是许多善意的家庭和学校常犯的错误。

结构化的自由。 进步教育者旨在创造一个在精心设计的结构内为学生提供有意义选择的环境。这种平衡帮助学生发展:

  • 自我调节能力
  • 内在动机
  • 时间管理能力
  • 决策能力

教师作为引导者。 在这种模式中,教师从讲师转变为促进者。他们创造丰富的学习环境,在需要时提供指导,并帮助学生反思他们的选择和经历。这种方法需要熟练的教育者,他们能够适应个别学生的需求,同时保持整体课堂的连贯性。

6. 促进社会正义和公民参与

在帕克日学校,与我们教授的所有内容一样,我们小心翼翼地以适合学生不断发展的理解方式让他们参与社会正义项目。

积极的公民身份。 进步学校将教育视为培养积极、社会责任感强的公民的手段。这包括:

  • 将时事和社会问题纳入课程
  • 鼓励对社会结构和不平等现象的批判性分析
  • 提供社区服务和激进主义的机会
  • 培养对多样化观点的同理心和理解

适龄参与。 学校根据学生的发展水平仔细调整社会正义教育,从早期年级的简单公平概念开始,随着学生的成熟逐步进行更复杂的讨论和行动。

7. 超越标准化测试评估学生

我们的想法,正是如此。

全面评估。 进步学校拒绝过度依赖标准化测试,而是选择更全面的评估方法:

  • 项目展示和作品集
  • 自我评估和同伴评估
  • 教师的叙述报告
  • 基于表现的评估
  • 通过现实应用展示掌握情况

持续反馈。 这些评估方法为学生和家长提供持续、详细的反馈,关注个人成长和发展,而不是与任意标准进行比较。这种方法有助于培养成长心态和内在学习动机。

8. 游戏和创造力在学习中的力量

神经科学家认为,对于成人和儿童来说,游戏是通向快乐学习的途径:一种能够增强社会和认知技能、提高解决问题能力、创造力、抽象思维和合作能力的练习。

整合游戏。 进步学校认识到游戏是学习的重要组成部分,不仅适用于幼儿,也适用于各个年龄段的学生。这包括:

  • 无结构的游戏时间和休息时间
  • 基于游戏的学习活动
  • 跨学科的艺术整合
  • 富有想象力的项目和角色扮演练习

创造力作为技能。 通过强调创造力和游戏,这些学校帮助学生发展创新和适应能力的关键技能。这种方法还使学习更具吸引力和乐趣,培养终身学习的热爱。

9. 在保留人际关系的同时整合技术

进步教育者常被刻板印象为自动反对技术,就像19世纪的英国卢德分子砸毁纺织机以试图阻止工业革命使工匠失业一样。这种形象可能曾经适用于我们中的一些人,但从未完全准确。

谨慎的技术整合。 进步学校旨在以增强而非取代人际互动和动手学习的方式整合技术。这可能包括:

  • 使用数字工具进行创意项目和演示
  • 利用技术进行研究和全球连接
  • 教授数字素养和负责任的在线行为
  • 平衡屏幕时间与面对面互动和体力活动

批判性方法。 在拥抱有用技术的同时,进步教育者也鼓励对技术在社会中的角色、其益处和潜在缺点进行批判性思考。

10. 拥抱失败作为学习和创新的途径

通过诚实面对我们不可避免的错误并找到从中学习的方法,帕克日学校和美国其他进步学校可以加入一个正在迅速成为异常健康和富有成效的全国趋势。

重新定义失败。 进步学校致力于创造一个将失败视为学习过程自然组成部分的环境,而不是害怕或避免的东西。这包括:

  • 鼓励冒险和实验
  • 教授反思和分析错误
  • 提供多次机会修改和改进工作
  • 庆祝努力和成长而非完美

培养韧性。 通过将失败视为学习机会,这些学校帮助学生发展韧性、毅力和适应能力——这些都是在快速变化的世界中取得成功的关键技能。

最后更新日期:

FAQ

What is "Loving Learning: How Progressive Education Can Save America's Schools" by Tom Little about?

  • Explores Progressive Education: The book delves into the history, principles, and practices of Progressive Education in America, highlighting its potential to transform schools into joyful, child-centered environments.
  • Critique of Standardized Schooling: Tom Little contrasts progressive methods with the dominant test-driven, rote-learning model, arguing that the latter stifles creativity, emotional well-being, and authentic learning.
  • Personal and Professional Narrative: The author weaves his own experiences as a progressive educator and head of Park Day School into a broader call for educational reform.
  • Vision for Change: The book advocates for reviving and expanding progressive strategies to prepare students for democracy, social justice, and lifelong learning.

Why should I read "Loving Learning" by Tom Little?

  • Insight from Experience: Tom Little draws on nearly four decades as a progressive school leader and visits to over 40 progressive schools, offering practical, firsthand insights.
  • Addresses Current Challenges: The book tackles issues like student anxiety, standardized testing pressures, and the decline of creativity and social engagement in schools.
  • Hopeful and Solution-Oriented: Rather than just critique, Little presents inspiring examples and actionable solutions for reimagining education.
  • Inspiration for Stakeholders: It’s a valuable resource for educators, parents, and policymakers seeking to restore joy, purpose, and equity in education.

What are the key takeaways from "Loving Learning" by Tom Little?

  • Six Core Strategies: The book identifies six enduring strategies of Progressive Education: attention to emotions, reliance on student interests, reduced testing, real-world activities, interdisciplinary study, and social justice awareness.
  • Child-Centered and Democratic: Progressive Education is defined by its focus on the whole child and its commitment to preparing students for active participation in a democratic society.
  • Critique and Alternatives: Little critiques high-stakes testing and advocates for nuanced, individualized assessments and project-based learning.
  • Call for Revival: The book urges educators to reclaim the progressive tradition and adapt it to meet 21st-century challenges.

How does Tom Little define Progressive Education in "Loving Learning"?

  • Preparation for Democracy: Progressive Education prepares students for active participation in a democratic society within a child-centered environment.
  • Commitment to Social Justice: The approach is rooted in an enduring commitment to social justice and equity.
  • Joyful and Empathetic Learning: Education is seen as a joyful, empathetic process that values each child’s individuality and fosters community responsibility.
  • Clear Identity: Little argues for a coherent, historically grounded definition to strengthen advocacy and adoption.

What are the core principles and strategies of Progressive Education according to Tom Little?

  • Child-Centered Learning: Emphasizes teaching the whole child, balancing intellectual, emotional, and social development to nurture intrinsic motivation.
  • Integrated, Project-Based Curriculum: Subjects are taught in interdisciplinary ways, often through real-world projects that engage students deeply.
  • Community and Social Justice: Schools foster strong communities and emphasize social awareness, activism, and responsibility.
  • Reduced Testing and Grading: Progressive schools curtail standardized testing in favor of qualitative, individualized assessments.

How does "Loving Learning" by Tom Little critique standardized testing and propose alternatives?

  • Critique of Testing Mania: Little argues that excessive standardized testing narrows curricula, increases stress, and undermines creativity and joy in learning.
  • No Improvement in Outcomes: He notes that high-stakes tests have not improved U.S. students’ international rankings or college readiness.
  • Progressive Alternatives: The book highlights narrative reports, portfolios, student presentations, and self-assessments as richer forms of evaluation.
  • Focus on Mastery and Growth: Progressive schools emphasize mastery learning and ongoing feedback, fostering responsibility and deeper understanding.

How does "Loving Learning" by Tom Little address the role of emotions and community in education?

  • Teaching the Whole Child: Emotional well-being is considered as critical as intellectual growth, with classrooms designed to foster trust and empathy.
  • Reducing Stress: The book explains how chronic stress impairs learning, advocating for environments that reduce anxiety and promote connectedness.
  • Community Building Practices: Strategies like class meetings, buddy systems, and restorative justice cultivate supportive, democratic school cultures.
  • Improved Outcomes: Strong communities are linked to reduced risky behaviors and better academic performance.

What is the role of play and sensory learning in Progressive Education according to Tom Little?

  • Play as Essential: Play is vital for brain development, creativity, and motivation, and progressive schools protect unstructured playtime.
  • Sensory and Experiential Learning: Activities that engage multiple senses, such as hands-on projects and ecosystem studies, help children learn deeply and joyfully.
  • Balance of Structure and Freedom: While play is valued, educators provide enough structure to guide learning and skill development.
  • Counter to Early Academics: The book critiques trends that reduce play in favor of early academics, emphasizing the importance of play for young children.

How does "Loving Learning" by Tom Little address social justice and activism in Progressive Education?

  • Early Engagement: The book describes projects where students experience simulated oppression to develop empathy and social awareness.
  • Curriculum Integration: Social justice themes are woven into studies, with students participating in community service and advocacy.
  • Diversity and Inclusion: Progressive schools promote diversity through admissions, sliding scale tuition, and partnerships with public schools.
  • Walking the Talk: Schools actively embody their social justice commitments in daily practices and policies.

What examples of successful progressive schools and networks does Tom Little provide in "Loving Learning"?

  • Park Day School: The author’s own school exemplifies progressive education with detailed assessments, small classes, and a social justice focus.
  • Mission Hill School: Known for resisting standardized testing and serving a diverse student body with high success rates.
  • Casco Bay High School: Demonstrates progressive methods in a public school setting through standards-based grading and community service.
  • Innovative Networks: Big Picture Learning and Expeditionary Learning networks emphasize student interests, mentorship, and real-world projects, showing strong outcomes for disadvantaged students.

How does technology fit into the progressive education model in "Loving Learning" by Tom Little?

  • Tool, Not Panacea: Technology is embraced as a tool to enhance creativity and engagement, not as a replacement for hands-on or social learning.
  • Student-Centered Use: Examples include students designing video games, using digital media for advocacy, and engaging in multimedia projects.
  • Integration with Making: Progressive schools combine digital tools with crafts and maker activities to foster problem-solving and collaboration.
  • Critical and Balanced Use: Little warns against overreliance on technology, emphasizing thoughtful, purposeful integration.

What are the best quotes from "Loving Learning" by Tom Little and what do they mean?

  • “We must play the game of learning—not the game of school.” — Highlights the difference between authentic, joyful learning and rote, compliance-driven schooling.
  • “If you see a problem, do something.” — Encourages students to take responsibility and act with empathy in their community.
  • “Any school system in which one child may fail while another succeeds is unjust, undemocratic, uneducational.” — Captures Progressive Education’s commitment to equity and individualized support.
  • “The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the ability to function.” — Reflects the progressive goal of balancing institutional needs with individual development.

评论

3.88 满分 5
平均评分来自 100+ 来自Goodreads和亚马逊的评分.

《热爱学习》获得了褒贬不一的评价,平均评分为3.88分(满分5分)。读者们欣赏这本书对进步教育的见解、其历史以及实际案例。许多人认为这本书富有启发性和信息量,赞扬其可读性和对主题的热情。然而,一些批评者认为它缺乏实际的实施策略,尤其是针对公立学校,并且过于侧重于私立机构。几位评论者指出,这本书与当前的教育辩论相关,并有可能引发关于替代教学方法的讨论。

Your rating:
4.41
29 评分

关于作者

汤姆·利特尔是一位教育家和进步教育的倡导者。他共同创办了位于加利福尼亚州奥克兰的帕克日学校,并在该校担任教师和校长长达37年。汤姆·利特尔将其职业生涯奉献于推动以学生为中心的学习、社会正义和整体教育方法。在他生命的*后阶段,利特尔开始了一次遍及美国各地进步学校的巡访,收集了大量见解和经验,这些内容构成了本书的基础。不幸的是,他于2014年4月因癌症去世,未能见到本书的出版。利特尔的工作代表了他持久的遗产和对有意义的学校改革的宣言。

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