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Team of Teams

Team of Teams

New Rules of Engagement for a Complex World
作者 Stanley McChrystal 2015 304 页数
4.15
12k+ 评分
8 分钟

重点摘要

1. 复杂环境需要适应性强的组织

我们必须拆除熟悉的组织结构,并沿着完全不同的路线重建它们,用有机的流动性取代坚固的架构,因为这是应对日益复杂威胁的唯一方法。

现代世界是复杂的。 传统的组织结构设计为了效率和可预测性,但它们无法应对当今挑战的速度和互联性。这种复杂性表现为:

  • 快速的技术进步
  • 增加的全球互联性
  • 具有深远影响的不可预测事件

适应性是生存的关键。 组织必须进化,变得更加灵活、响应迅速和有韧性。这需要:

  • 扁平化层级结构
  • 鼓励跨职能协作
  • 发展快速重新配置资源和策略的能力

2. 传统管理模式不足以应对现代挑战

我们的情况并不是例外——这是新的常态。

泰勒主义已经过时。 弗雷德里克·温斯洛·泰勒的科学管理原则强调效率和自上而下的控制,但在复杂环境中已不再有效。传统管理的局限性包括:

  • 缓慢决策的僵化层级
  • 阻碍信息流动的孤立部门
  • 过分强调效率而牺牲适应性

需要新的方法。 组织必须接受优先考虑以下方面的管理模式:

  • 敏捷性和快速响应时间
  • 分散决策
  • 持续学习和适应

3. 建立“团队的团队”需要共享意识和授权执行

我们需要创建一个团队的团队——一个组织,其中各组成团队之间的关系类似于单个团队中的个人之间的关系:传统上分隔在不同孤岛中的团队现在必须通过信任和目标融合在一起。

共享意识是团队的团队的基础。它包括:

  • 创建对组织使命和挑战的共同理解
  • 培养透明和开放沟通的文化
  • 发展快速信息共享的系统

授权执行使团队能够快速有效地行动。这需要:

  • 将决策权下放到适当的最低层级
  • 信任团队根据其专业知识和情境意识做出明智选择
  • 为团队提供成功所需的资源和支持

4. 信任和目标是高绩效团队的关键

阿博塔巴德的海豹突击队没有计划直升机坠毁,就像萨伦伯格船长的机组人员没有计划鸟击,卡蒂-卡特森团队没有计划马拉松爆炸,但所有人都能够在现场以创造性的解决方案应对意外,协调一致地行动。

信任使快速适应成为可能。 高绩效团队能够有效应对意外挑战,因为:

  • 团队成员了解彼此的能力和局限
  • 共同相信团队能够克服障碍
  • 开放的沟通允许快速解决问题和决策

共享目标对齐努力。 拥有明确、引人注目的目标的团队:

  • 更有动力克服挑战
  • 能够做出与总体目标一致的决策
  • 能够在没有明确指示的情况下更好地协调行动

5. 有效的信息共享对组织适应性至关重要

我们更强大、更高效、更稳健。但基地组织伊拉克分支敏捷且有韧性。在复杂环境中,韧性往往意味着成功,而即使是最精心设计的固定解决方案也常常不足或适得其反。

信息就是力量。 在复杂环境中,快速收集、分析和传播信息的能力至关重要。有效的信息共享:

  • 使决策更快
  • 提高整个组织的情境意识
  • 帮助识别新兴威胁和机会

打破孤岛至关重要。 组织必须克服信息流动的障碍,通过:

  • 创建跨职能团队和沟通渠道
  • 实施促进快速信息共享的技术
  • 培养重视透明和协作的文化

6. 领导者必须从“指挥”转向“园艺”

园丁创造了一个植物可以茁壮成长的环境。

传统领导力不足。 在复杂环境中,领导者无法控制组织的每个方面。相反,他们必须:

  • 创造条件让团队茁壮成长
  • 提供指导和资源而不是微观管理
  • 培养信任、学习和适应的文化

园丁式领导方法包括:

  • 培养人才和促进成长
  • 移除障碍并创造机会
  • 持续监控和调整组织生态系统

7. 在不可预测的环境中,韧性胜过效率

效率仍然重要,但适应复杂性和持续变化的能力已成为必需。

仅有效率是不够的。 虽然精简流程和削减成本措施有价值,但它们可能使组织变得脆弱,易受干扰。韧性包括:

  • 在系统中建立冗余和松弛
  • 发展快速重新配置资源的能力
  • 培养实验文化并从失败中学习

平衡效率和韧性至关重要。组织应:

  • 确定需要冗余的关键功能
  • 投资于适应性技术和流程
  • 在团队成员中发展多样化的技能和能力

8. 授权各级决策提高组织效能

我们得出结论,接受今天的70%解决方案比满足协议并获得明天的90%解决方案更有利。

分散决策提高响应能力。通过将权力下放到较低层级,组织可以:

  • 更快地应对变化的条件
  • 利用一线员工的专业知识
  • 减少决策过程中的瓶颈

授权需要准备。 为了有效分散决策:

  • 确保所有团队成员了解组织的使命和目标
  • 提供支持明智决策的培训和资源
  • 建立自主行动的明确界限和指导方针

9. 透明和开放沟通促进适应性和创新

我们的常规指导是“分享信息,直到你害怕它是非法的。”

透明建立信任。 组织内部的开放沟通:

  • 鼓励协作和创意分享
  • 减少重复努力
  • 帮助更快地识别和解决问题

克服透明障碍至关重要。组织必须:

  • 挑战“需要知道”的心态
  • 实施促进信息共享的技术
  • 奖励和认可那些为组织知识做出贡献的人

10. 组织结构应反映操作环境的复杂性

我们的组织像泰勒的组织一样,视觉上反映了当时的技术。泰勒开发了有序的、机器般的组织形式,以充分利用他工厂中的有序机器,而我们的网络则类似于网络的蜿蜒、重叠、不断变化的结构组成。

形式追随功能。 组织结构应设计为处理其环境的复杂性。这可能包括:

  • 扁平化层级以提高响应能力
  • 创建灵活的跨职能团队
  • 发展互联单元的网络而不是僵化的部门

持续适应是必要的。 随着操作环境的演变,组织必须:

  • 定期重新评估其结构和流程
  • 愿意尝试新的组织形式
  • 培养接受变化和适应的文化

最后更新日期:

FAQ

What's Team of Teams about?

  • Adaptability Focus: Team of Teams by Stanley McChrystal emphasizes the need for organizations to adapt to complex and rapidly changing environments. It draws from McChrystal's military experiences, particularly in Iraq.
  • Military Insights: The book uses real-life military scenarios to illustrate the importance of evolving from traditional command structures to more flexible, team-oriented approaches.
  • Team of Teams Concept: It introduces the idea of creating a "team of teams," where small, adaptable units work together seamlessly, sharing information and resources to respond to threats more effectively.

Why should I read Team of Teams?

  • Modern Relevance: The insights are applicable to various sectors, including business and healthcare, offering a framework for leaders to foster adaptability and resilience.
  • Practical Strategies: Readers gain actionable advice on breaking down silos and enhancing collaboration within organizations, empowering teams to make real-time decisions.
  • Inspiring Leadership Lessons: McChrystal’s experiences provide valuable lessons on leadership, trust, and the importance of a shared mission, offering a unique perspective on leading in challenging environments.

What are the key takeaways of Team of Teams?

  • Adaptability Over Efficiency: Organizations must prioritize adaptability over mere efficiency to succeed in complex environments.
  • Trust and Purpose: Building trust and a shared sense of purpose among team members is crucial for effective collaboration and mission success.
  • Networked Structure: The "team of teams" approach highlights the need for organizations to function as interconnected networks rather than rigid hierarchies.

What are the best quotes from Team of Teams and what do they mean?

  • “It takes a network to defeat a network.”: This quote emphasizes the need for collaborative, networked approaches to tackle modern challenges.
  • “We do these things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.”: Reflects the spirit of perseverance and the willingness to tackle difficult challenges for growth.
  • “The common denominator of the professionals with whom I served was an almost mystical devotion to mission accomplishment.”: Highlights the importance of a shared mission and collective dedication for success.

How does Team of Teams define complexity?

  • Complexity vs. Complicated: Distinguishes between systems that are predictable and those with numerous interdependent variables, making prediction difficult.
  • Interconnectedness and Speed: Complexity arises from increased interconnectedness and rapid change, where small actions can have large, unpredictable consequences.
  • Need for Adaptability: Organizations must adapt quickly to changing circumstances, as traditional management approaches are insufficient for navigating complexity.

What is the "team of teams" approach in Team of Teams?

  • Collaborative Structure: Involves creating a network of small, autonomous teams working towards a common goal, allowing for flexibility and responsiveness.
  • Shared Consciousness: Emphasizes the importance of all teams having access to relevant information and understanding the broader context of their actions.
  • Empowered Execution: Team members are empowered to act based on their understanding of the situation, fostering innovation and adaptability.

How does Team of Teams suggest organizations can improve communication?

  • Increase Transparency: Advocates for transparency within organizations to ensure all team members have access to necessary information, facilitating collaboration.
  • Break Down Silos: Emphasizes breaking down silos between departments to enhance communication and improve response to complex challenges.
  • Encourage Open Dialogue: Leaders should promote an environment where team members feel comfortable sharing ideas and feedback to enhance trust and collaboration.

What role does leadership play in the Team of Teams framework?

  • Facilitator of Collaboration: Leaders create an environment conducive to collaboration and adaptability, empowering team members to make decisions.
  • Building Trust: Effective leaders focus on building trust among team members, essential for fostering a cohesive team environment.
  • Adapting Leadership Style: Leaders must adapt their style to fit complex environments, moving away from command-and-control to a more decentralized model.

How does Team of Teams address the concept of resilience?

  • Capacity to Absorb Disturbance: Resilience is the ability to absorb disturbances while maintaining core functions, crucial for organizational adaptability.
  • Building Resilient Systems: Organizations should focus on creating systems that can withstand shocks, fostering a culture of adaptability and learning from failures.
  • Learning from Experience: Continuous learning and improvement enhance resilience, with organizations embracing experimentation and adaptation.

How did the Task Force transform according to Team of Teams?

  • From Silos to Networks: The Task Force shifted from a hierarchical structure to a networked approach, improving communication and collaboration.
  • Integration of Intelligence and Operations: Facilitated a cohesive strategy, enabling rapid decision-making and execution against AQI.
  • Cultural Change: Trust, transparency, and shared purpose became central, empowering individuals to take initiative and act decisively.

What is empowered execution in Team of Teams?

  • Decentralized Authority: Refers to delegating decision-making authority to individuals at all levels, allowing for faster responses to challenges.
  • Trust in Competence: Leaders trust their teams to make sound decisions based on expertise and situational awareness.
  • Real-Time Decision Making: Enables teams to act quickly based on real-time information, crucial in fast-paced environments.

What are the implications of Team of Teams for future leadership?

  • Evolving Leadership Roles: Leaders must adapt to a decentralized and collaborative approach, focusing on nurturing team dynamics and trust.
  • Emphasis on Contextual Awareness: Creating shared consciousness ensures all members have the information needed for informed decisions.
  • Gardener vs. Chess Master: Leaders should cultivate an environment where teams can thrive, enabling adaptability and resilience.

评论

4.15 满分 5
平均评分来自 12k+ 来自Goodreads和亚马逊的评分.

《团队的力量》因其对组织动态和领导力的洞察而获得了大多数正面评价。读者欣赏麦克里斯特尔在复杂环境中适应军事结构的方法,强调共享意识和分散决策。许多人认为这本书写得很好,内容引人入胜,包含了相关的轶事和实用的例子。一些人批评其内容重复和篇幅过长,而另一些人则赞扬其在商业环境中的适用性。总体而言,评论者称赞这本书在当今快速变化的世界中,关于创建敏捷和有韧性的组织所提供的宝贵经验。

Your rating:

关于作者

斯坦利·艾伦·麦克里斯特尔是美国陆军退役将军,曾任国际安全援助部队和美国驻阿富汗部队指挥官。他之前领导联合特种作战司令部,被认为成功消灭了基地组织领导人扎卡维。麦克里斯特尔的职业生涯因在《滚石》杂志文章中对政府官员的批评言论而有争议地结束。退休后,他在耶鲁大学教授领导力课程,并共同创办了一家咨询公司。麦克里斯特尔撰写了《我的任务份额》一书,该回忆录于2013年出版。他出生于一个军人家庭,1977年与安妮结婚,并育有一子。麦克里斯特尔以其非传统的思维和领导风格而闻名。

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