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The Lost Art of Listening

The Lost Art of Listening

How Learning to Listen Can Improve Relationships
作者 Michael P. Nichols 1994 251 页数
4.09
2k+ 评分
10 分钟

重点摘要

1. 倾听是一种强大的力量,塑造我们的关系和自我价值

被倾听的需求意味着被认真对待,我们的想法和感受被认可,最终,我们所说的话是重要的。

倾听建立联系。 当有人真正倾听我们时,我们感到被理解、被重视和被连接。这种对我们经历和感受的认可对于发展健康的自我价值感和维持有意义的关系至关重要。良好的倾听包括:

  • 全神贯注于说话者
  • 表现出对他们观点的真正兴趣
  • 认可并验证他们的感受
  • 避免打断或过早判断

缺乏倾听会伤害。 相反,不被倾听会导致孤立、沮丧和自尊心下降。这会给关系带来压力,并阻碍有效沟通。常见的倾听不良的迹象包括:

  • 打断或替别人说完句子
  • 专注于构思回应而不是理解
  • 忽视或轻视别人的感受
  • 在没有真正听到说话者的担忧时提供不请自来的建议

2. 真正的倾听需要暂停我们自己的需求和议程

要好好倾听,你必须抑制自己想说的话,并控制打断或争论的冲动。

自我暂停是关键。 有效的倾听需要暂时搁置我们自己的想法、意见和回应的欲望。这种自我暂停使我们能够完全专注于理解说话者的观点,而不通过我们自己的偏见或议程来过滤。练习自我暂停的策略包括:

  • 在回应前深呼吸以使自己平静
  • 心理上承认自己的想法,然后将其放在一边
  • 专注于说话者的肢体语言和语气,而不仅仅是他们的话语
  • 提出澄清性问题而不是做出假设

克服常见障碍。 许多因素会干扰我们在倾听时暂停自我的能力:

  • 提供建议或“解决”问题的欲望
  • 对自己类似经历的焦虑
  • 害怕听到我们不同意的东西
  • 急于分享自己的想法或故事

通过识别这些障碍并有意识地努力克服它们,我们可以显著提高我们的倾听技巧和关系质量。

3. 隐藏的假设和情绪反应常常干扰倾听

我们对那些我们暗中指责自己的事情反应最强烈。

识别隐藏的偏见。 我们的过去经历、文化背景和个人不安全感常常会产生无意识的假设,影响我们如何解读别人的话语。这些隐藏的偏见会导致误解和防御性反应。常见的隐藏假设包括:

  • 在中性陈述中假设负面意图
  • 将自己的恐惧或不安全感投射到别人身上
  • 基于性别、年龄或文化差异进行刻板印象
  • 认为我们已经知道别人会说什么

管理情绪触发点。 某些话题或沟通方式会引发强烈的情绪反应,干扰我们客观倾听的能力。识别和管理这些触发点对于有效倾听至关重要。策略包括:

  • 练习自我意识,识别何时变得反应过度
  • 在情绪触发时短暂暂停或深呼吸
  • 使用“我”陈述表达你的感受,而不是责备别人
  • 努力理解说话者的意图,而不是对他们的话语做出反应

通过解决我们的隐藏假设和管理情绪反应,我们可以为真正的倾听创造一个更开放和接受的心态。

4. 同理心始于开放和理解的意愿

良好倾听的本质是同理心,通过接受别人试图表达的内容和方式来实现。

培养好奇心。 以对他人观点的真正好奇心来接近对话,能促进同理心和更深的理解。这种开放性使我们能够放下先入之见,真正听到说话者试图传达的内容。培养好奇心的方法包括:

  • 提出开放性问题,探索说话者的想法和感受
  • 想象自己处于说话者的位置
  • 努力从每次对话中学到新东西
  • 将意见分歧视为成长的机会

练习积极的同理心。 同理心不仅仅是被动的倾听;它涉及积极参与说话者的情感体验。练习积极同理心的技巧包括:

  • 反映你感知到的情感:“听起来你很沮丧。”
  • 认可说话者的感受:“你有这种感觉是可以理解的。”
  • 避免评判或不请自来的建议
  • 只有在有助于说话者感到被理解时才分享类似的经历

通过培养好奇心和练习积极的同理心,我们可以为开放、诚实的沟通和更深的联系创造一个安全的空间。

5. 响应性倾听可以化解冲突并改善沟通

当你表现出愿意以最少的防御、批评或不耐烦来倾听时,你是在给予理解的礼物,并赢得了被理解的权利。

在回应前先认可。 当冲突发生时,响应性倾听的第一步是先认可对方的观点,然后再提出自己的看法。这种认可有助于说话者感到被倾听,并能缓解紧张局势。认可的关键要素包括:

  • 总结说话者的主要观点
  • 识别他们话语背后的情感
  • 避免防御性反应或立即反驳
  • 如有需要,提出澄清性问题

寻找共同点。 在认可说话者的观点后,寻找一致或共同关心的问题。这有助于为建设性对话奠定基础。寻找共同点的策略包括:

  • 识别共同的目标或价值观
  • 认可对方论点中的合理点
  • 表达愿意共同努力解决问题
  • 专注于当前问题而不是过去的怨恨

通过练习响应性倾听,我们可以将潜在的冲突转化为更深理解和更强关系的机会。

6. 亲密伴侣之间的倾听需要平衡自主性和联系

如果你改善了倾听方式,你希望谁会注意到?你希望哪些对话会有所不同?

尊重个体性。 在亲密关系中,保持亲密和个人自主之间的平衡至关重要。良好的倾听包括尊重伴侣独特的观点和需求,即使它们与自己不同。促进这种平衡的方法包括:

  • 鼓励伴侣追求个人兴趣和友谊
  • 避免在未被要求的情况下“解决”伴侣的问题
  • 认识到分歧不会威胁关系
  • 在需要时给彼此空间独立处理情绪

为脆弱性创造安全空间。 亲密伴侣需要感到安全地表达他们最深的想法和感受,而不必担心被评判或拒绝。创造这种情感安全的技巧包括:

  • 留出专门时间进行开放、不间断的沟通
  • 练习非反应性倾听,即使在讨论困难话题时
  • 表达对伴侣愿意脆弱的感激
  • 当伴侣敞开心扉时,避免批评或责备

通过通过有效的倾听平衡自主性和联系,亲密伴侣可以建立更强大、更有韧性的关系。

7. 父母可以通过倾听孩子的观点来促进更好的关系

孩子需要依附?父母也需要。

首先验证情感。 当孩子表达强烈的情感或挑战性行为时,父母常常急于纠正或惩罚。然而,首先倾听并验证他们的感受可以导致更合作和开放的沟通。情感验证的步骤包括:

  • 认可情感:“我能看出你现在真的很生气。”
  • 避免轻视或忽视他们的感受
  • 将情感与行为分开:“感到生气是可以的,但打人是不可以的。”
  • 帮助孩子找到表达情感的词语

根据年龄调整倾听方式。 随着孩子的成长,他们的沟通需求和能力会发生变化。父母应相应地调整他们的倾听方式:

  • 对于幼儿:使用简单的语言和具体的例子
  • 对于学龄儿童:提出开放性问题并鼓励解决问题
  • 对于青少年:尊重他们日益增长的自主需求,避免说教
  • 对于所有年龄段:表现出对他们想法和经历的真正兴趣

通过优先考虑同理心倾听,父母可以与孩子建立更强的联系,并培养情感智力和健康的沟通技巧。

8. 朋友由于其自愿和不评判的性质而成为优秀的倾听者

有些事情在友谊中没有立足之地,评判就是其中之一。

创造安全空间。 友谊的自愿性质允许更开放和诚实的沟通。好朋友创造无评判区,让我们可以毫无畏惧地表达真实的自我。好朋友的特征包括:

  • 提供支持而不试图“解决”每个问题
  • 尊重保密性和信任
  • 认可感受而不一定同意行为
  • 在对话中保持专注和专心

平衡支持和诚实。 虽然朋友应避免严厉的评判,真正的友谊也需要在必要时温和的诚实。平衡支持和诚实需要:

  • 在提供建议或批评前征得同意
  • 以关心朋友福祉的方式表达关切
  • 承认情况的复杂性,避免过于简化
  • 愿意倾听而不总是提供解决方案

通过在友谊中培养这些倾听技巧,我们可以创造更深、更有意义的联系,丰富我们的生活并提供重要的情感支持。

最后更新日期:

FAQ

What's The Lost Art of Listening about?

  • Focus on Listening: The book emphasizes the critical role of listening in enhancing relationships, suggesting that many conflicts stem from a lack of genuine listening.
  • Empathy and Connection: It highlights empathy as essential for effective listening, allowing for deeper connections and validation of feelings.
  • Practical Techniques: Michael P. Nichols provides practical advice and exercises to improve listening skills, making it a hands-on guide for better communication.

Why should I read The Lost Art of Listening?

  • Improve Relationships: The book offers insights into communication dynamics, helping to foster healthier and more fulfilling relationships.
  • Enhance Emotional Intelligence: It encourages the development of empathy and emotional awareness, crucial for resolving conflicts and understanding others.
  • Practical Exercises: Nichols includes exercises to practice and apply the concepts, making the book actionable and not just theoretical.

What are the key takeaways of The Lost Art of Listening?

  • Listening is Active: Effective listening requires active engagement and understanding beyond just hearing words.
  • Emotional Reactivity: Emotional reactions can hinder listening, making it difficult to truly hear others when feeling criticized or defensive.
  • Importance of Empathy: Empathy is a cornerstone of good listening, vital for meaningful communication and understanding perspectives.

How does The Lost Art of Listening define effective listening?

  • Active Engagement: Effective listening involves full attention and engagement with the speaker, understanding both words and emotions.
  • Suspension of Self: It requires setting aside personal agendas and distractions to focus entirely on the speaker’s message.
  • Empathic Response: Nichols advocates for acknowledging and validating the speaker’s feelings to create a deeper connection.

What are some practical techniques from The Lost Art of Listening?

  • Responsive Listening: Acknowledge the speaker’s feelings before offering your perspective to reduce defensiveness and foster understanding.
  • Empathic Guessing: Make empathic guesses about the speaker’s feelings, showing engagement and interest in their emotional state.
  • Paraphrasing: Confirm understanding by paraphrasing what the speaker has said, inviting them to elaborate further.

How does emotional reactivity affect listening according to The Lost Art of Listening?

  • Triggers Defensive Responses: Emotional reactivity can lead to defensive responses, making it hard to hear what is being said.
  • Impacts Understanding: It may cause misinterpretation of the speaker’s message, leading to misunderstandings and conflict.
  • Need for Self-Awareness: Recognizing personal triggers helps manage emotional reactions and improve listening skills.

How does The Lost Art of Listening address the issue of assumptions in communication?

  • Preconceived Notions: Assumptions about what the speaker will say can hinder effective listening and lead to misunderstandings.
  • Importance of Openness: Nichols emphasizes setting aside assumptions to be receptive to the speaker’s message, fostering deeper connections.
  • Impact on Relationships: Failing to challenge assumptions can damage relationships, but awareness of biases can improve communication.

What role does empathy play in The Lost Art of Listening?

  • Foundation of Listening: Empathy is the foundation of effective listening, allowing connection with the speaker’s emotions.
  • Enhances Communication: Empathic listening validates the speaker’s feelings, creating a safe space for open dialogue.
  • Transformative Power: Empathy strengthens emotional bonds and fosters mutual respect, transforming relationships.

What are the best quotes from The Lost Art of Listening and what do they mean?

  • “Listening is the art by which we use empathy to reach across the space between us.”: Highlights listening as an empathetic connection bridging emotional gaps.
  • “You don’t have to be responsible for someone’s feelings to acknowledge them.”: Emphasizes acknowledging feelings without taking on the burden of fixing them.
  • “When you demonstrate a willingness to listen with a minimum of defensiveness, criticism, or impatience, you are giving the gift of understanding.”: Stresses the importance of being open and non-defensive to foster honest communication.

How can I apply the concepts from The Lost Art of Listening in my daily life?

  • Practice Active Listening: Engage fully in conversations, ask clarifying questions, and provide feedback to show understanding.
  • Reflect on Conversations: After conversations, assess your listening skills and identify areas for improvement.
  • Engage in Empathic Listening: Focus on the emotions of others, validate their feelings, and respond thoughtfully.

What are the common barriers to effective listening mentioned in The Lost Art of Listening?

  • Emotional Reactivity: Emotional reactions can hinder listening, making it difficult to hear the other person.
  • Assumptions and Preconceptions: Assumptions about what someone will say can lead to misunderstandings.
  • Distractions: External distractions can impede effective listening, requiring a conducive environment for conversation.

How does The Lost Art of Listening address listening in families?

  • Importance of Listening: Listening is crucial for healthy family dynamics, helping members feel valued and understood.
  • Navigating Conflicts: Provides strategies for addressing family conflicts through effective listening and acknowledging feelings.
  • Building Empathy: Empathy within families is built through active listening, creating a supportive environment for expression.

评论

4.09 满分 5
平均评分来自 2k+ 来自Goodreads和亚马逊的评分.

《失落的倾听艺术》获得了大多数正面评价,读者称赞其在有效沟通和改善关系方面的见解。许多人发现书中的实用建议和例子对提高他们的倾听技巧很有帮助。一些人批评内容的重复性和组织方式。读者欣赏作者对同理心、暂停判断和专注于说话者的强调。这本书推荐给任何希望改善关系和沟通技巧的人,尽管有些人建议可以精简内容。总体而言,读者认为其在主动倾听和自我反思方面的教导具有价值。

Your rating:

关于作者

Michael P. Nichols是一位心理学家、教授和作家,专注于家庭治疗和人际关系。他在沟通、家庭动态和治疗技术方面有广泛的著作。Michael P. Nichols以其通过更好的倾听和沟通技巧改善人际关系的实用方法而闻名。他的工作强调在个人和职业环境中同理心和理解的重要性。Nichols撰写了多本关于关系和治疗的书籍,借鉴了他作为治疗师和教育者的经验。他的写作风格被描述为通俗易懂且贴近生活,常常结合案例研究和现实生活中的例子来阐明他的观点。

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