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It Starts with One

It Starts with One

Changing Individuals Changes Organizations
by J. Stewart Black 2002 162 pages
3.81
100+ ratings
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Key Takeaways

1. Strategic Change Begins with Individuals, Not Organizations

Organizational change begins by changing individuals—not the other way around.

Individual Transformation Matters. Organizations do not change through structural modifications or policy updates. Real, lasting change happens when individual employees alter their thinking, behaviors, and approaches. Systemic change is fundamentally about personal transformation.

Change Requires Early Adopters. Like product innovations, organizational change needs pioneers who first embrace new ideas. These individuals serve as catalysts, demonstrating the possibility and potential of different ways of working. Without their initial commitment, organizational levers remain ineffective.

Practical Implementation:

  • Identify key individual change agents
  • Provide targeted support and training
  • Create safe environments for experimentation
  • Recognize and reward individual initiative
  • Share success stories of personal transformation

2. Mental Maps Blind Us to Necessary Changes

Just as actual maps guide people's footsteps, mental maps guide daily behavior.

Existing Success Prevents Change. People develop mental maps based on past successes, which become barriers to recognizing new opportunities. The more successful a current approach has been, the more difficult it becomes to see alternative paths or potential disruptions.

Mapping Limitations:

  • Distorted Maps: Exaggerate familiar territories
  • Central Position Maps: View everything from a self-centric perspective
  • Strip Maps: Follow narrow, fixed sequences
  • Upright Maps: Believe only one perspective is valid

Breaking Mental Barriers:

  • Question existing assumptions
  • Seek diverse perspectives
  • Create contrasting experiences
  • Encourage intellectual curiosity

3. Breaking Through Requires Creating Powerful Contrasts

The role of a leader is to define reality.

Confronting Existing Perspectives. Effective change requires creating stark, memorable contrasts between current and future states. Leaders must simplify complex transformations into clear, compelling narratives that challenge existing mental models.

Contrast Creation Strategies:

  • Identify core differences
  • Use visual representations
  • Generate inescapable experiences
  • Repeat messaging consistently
  • Highlight potential consequences of maintaining status quo

Psychological Engagement:

  • Engage multiple senses
  • Create emotional resonance
  • Use storytelling techniques
  • Provide concrete, relatable examples

4. People Resist Moving Because They Fear Looking Incompetent

Most people do not like to be bad at something, especially if they are already good at something else.

Competence Paradox. Employees resist change not because they disagree with the vision, but because they fear performing poorly during the transition. The more clearly a new direction is defined, the more anxious people become about their potential incompetence.

Overcoming Resistance:

  • Acknowledge initial performance challenges
  • Create clear learning pathways
  • Provide comprehensive training
  • Celebrate early efforts, not just results
  • Build psychological safety

Motivation Factors:

  • Demonstrate personal growth potential
  • Show long-term career benefits
  • Create supportive learning environments
  • Offer incremental skill development

5. Provide Clear Destinations, Resources, and Rewards to Drive Movement

If people believe they really can walk the path and reach the destination, they are much more motivated to try.

Belief Framework. Successful change requires three key elements: a clear destination, necessary resources, and meaningful rewards. Each component addresses different psychological needs and motivational triggers.

Implementation Approach:

  • Define specific, observable behaviors
  • Assess and provide required capabilities
  • Understand individual motivation triggers
  • Create personalized reward structures
  • Use expectancy theory principles

Motivation Categories:

  • Achievement
  • Relationships
  • Conceptual thinking
  • Personal improvement
  • Control and influence

6. Champions and Progress Tracking Prevent Change Fatigue

Without champions close to the action, the champions in the executive suite matter very little.

Sustained Momentum. Change initiatives require ongoing support and visibility. Champions at operational levels provide immediate reinforcement, while tracking mechanisms prevent people from feeling lost or discouraged.

Championing Strategies:

  • Place champions where change happens
  • Reward initial efforts
  • Communicate progress transparently
  • Create performance dashboards
  • Provide continuous feedback

Progress Tracking Elements:

  • Individual performance metrics
  • Organizational impact measurements
  • Regular communication intervals
  • Visual progress indicators

7. Growth Requires Challenging Existing Mental Limitations

Most firms miss opportunities because they are blinded by their current success.

Expanding Possibility Spaces. Growth emerges from challenging existing mental maps about products, customers, and approaches. Organizations must systematically explore alternative growth dimensions beyond traditional thinking.

Growth Expansion Framework:

  • Existing products/existing customers
  • Existing products/new customers
  • New products/existing customers
  • New products/new customers

Strategic Exploration:

  • Encourage cross-functional innovation
  • Create experimental environments
  • Challenge assumptions regularly
  • Develop flexible strategic approaches

Last updated:

Review Summary

3.81 out of 5
Average of 100+ ratings from Goodreads and Amazon.

Leading Strategic Change receives positive reviews for its insightful approach to organizational transformation. Readers appreciate the concept of mental maps and its applicability to various structures. The book's simple graphical depictions and methodical approach to change are praised. Some find it refreshing and practical, while others note its focus on individual-level change. A few readers mention the book's dry style or difficulty reading it. Overall, reviewers recommend it for executives and managers seeking to effectively implement organizational change.

Your rating:

About the Author

J. Stewart Black is an expert in organizational change and leadership. J. Stewart Black has co-authored "Leading Strategic Change" with Hal B. Gregersen, focusing on the challenges of implementing change in corporate environments. Their work emphasizes the importance of addressing individual mindsets and processes to achieve successful organizational transformation. Black's approach is rooted in the understanding that employees often resist change due to comfort with familiar patterns. His methodology involves working with employees rather than dictating change, aiming to create lasting and effective organizational shifts. Black's expertise is valued by executives and managers seeking to navigate complex change processes.

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