Gaius Musonius Rufus (c.20-30 CE - as late as 101 CE) was a Roman Stoic philosopher born in Volsinii, Etruria (modern Lazio, Italy).
He became known as "The Roman Socrates" and was a central figure in Roman Stoicism, teaching Epictetus and influencing later philosophical thought.
Unlike Greek Stoics who studied logic, physics, and ethics, Rufus focused primarily on practical ethics and virtuous living.
He was notably progressive for his time, advocating for women's education and equality in philosophical study.
Most of his teachings survive as lecture notes recorded by students, preserved through extracts found in Stobaeus's writings.
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