Searching...
Slovenščina
EnglishEnglish
EspañolSpanish
简体中文Chinese
FrançaisFrench
DeutschGerman
日本語Japanese
PortuguêsPortuguese
ItalianoItalian
한국어Korean
РусскийRussian
NederlandsDutch
العربيةArabic
PolskiPolish
हिन्दीHindi
Tiếng ViệtVietnamese
SvenskaSwedish
ΕλληνικάGreek
TürkçeTurkish
ไทยThai
ČeštinaCzech
RomânăRomanian
MagyarHungarian
УкраїнськаUkrainian
Bahasa IndonesiaIndonesian
DanskDanish
SuomiFinnish
БългарскиBulgarian
עבריתHebrew
NorskNorwegian
HrvatskiCroatian
CatalàCatalan
SlovenčinaSlovak
LietuviųLithuanian
SlovenščinaSlovenian
СрпскиSerbian
EestiEstonian
LatviešuLatvian
فارسیPersian
മലയാളംMalayalam
தமிழ்Tamil
اردوUrdu
Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint

Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint

Techniques and Exercises for Crafting Dynamic Characters and Effective Viewpoints
avtor: Nancy Kress 2005 232 strani
4.05
2.2K ocene
Poslušaj
Try Full Access for 7 Days
Unlock listening & more!
Continue

Ključne točke

1. Premišljena izbira pripovedovalcev: omejite število in poskrbite, da so zanimivi

Na splošno ne smemo poljubno menjavati perspektiv.

Izbor pripovedovalcev. Izberite čim manj pripovedovalcev, ki so potrebni za učinkovito pripoved vaše zgodbe. Vsak pripovedovalec naj bo zanimiv sam zase, saj prinaša edinstvene vpoglede in interpretacije dogodkov. Premislite, kateri liki bodo ponudili najbolj privlačne notranje dialoge in zapletene poglede na dogajanje.

Uravnotežena zastopanost. Poskrbite, da imajo vsi pripovedovalci pomembno vlogo v zgodbi, s ključnimi dejanji, posledicami in odzivi na dejanja drugih likov. Izogibajte se vključevanju pripovedovalcev, ki se pojavijo le na kratko ali redko, saj to lahko moti tekočnost pripovedi. Ciljajte na uravnoteženo razporeditev "zaslonskega časa" med izbranimi pripovedovalci, tako da so prisotni skozi celotno zgodbo v dokaj rednih intervalih.

2. Prva oseba: intimna, a omejena perspektiva

Moč prve osebe je glas vašega pripovedovalca; naj ta odraža njegovo osebnost ne le v tem, kar govori, ampak tudi v načinu, kako to počne.

Neposrednost in glas. Pripovedovanje v prvi osebi omogoča izjemno bližino z mislimi in občutki pripovedovalca. Ustvari edinstven glas, ki odraža osebnost, ozadje in pogled lika. Ta perspektiva odlično prenaša takojšnje reakcije in notranji svet pripovedovalca, kar vzpostavi močno vez med bralcem in likom.

Omejitve in izzivi. Vendar pa prva oseba prinaša tudi omejitve. Zgodba je omejena na tisto, kar pripovedovalec ve, doživlja in razume. To lahko omeji količino informacij, ki so na voljo bralcu, zato je včasih potrebna ustvarjalna rešitev za prenos ključnih elementov zapleta. Poleg tega je pisanje v prvi osebi zahtevno, saj zahteva dosleden in verodostojen glas lika skozi celotno pripoved.

3. Tretja oseba: prilagodljiva perspektiva z različnimi razdaljami

Tretja oseba prinaša večjo prilagodljivost, zunanji pogled in objektivnost, a je lahko manj neposredna in individualistična kot prva oseba.

Vsestranka perspektiva. Pripovedovanje v tretji osebi ponuja različne možnosti, od bližnje tretje osebe (ki omogoča intimni dostop do misli lika) do oddaljene tretje osebe (ki ponuja bolj odmaknjen, opazovalni pogled). Ta prilagodljivost piscu omogoča, da po potrebi prilagodi razdaljo pripovedi, s čimer združuje notranje vpoglede in zunanje opazovanje.

Uravnoteženje objektivnosti in intimnosti. Tretja oseba lahko ponudi bolj objektiven pogled na dogodke in like, kar omogoča širši kontekst in več perspektiv. Hkrati pa lahko globoko prodre v misli in občutke likov, kar se lahko kosa z intimnostjo prve osebe. Izziv je najti pravo ravnovesje med tema vidikoma, ki bo ustrezalo potrebam vaše zgodbe.

4. Več pripovedovalcev v tretji osebi: usklajevanje različnih perspektiv

Če uporabljate več pripovedovalcev, je pomembno, da bralci to spoznajo že zgodaj v zgodbi.

Raznolike perspektive. Več pripovedovalcev v tretji osebi omogoča bogato, večplastno pripoved, saj zgodbo predstavite skozi oči različnih likov. Ta pristop lahko ponudi celovitejši pogled na dogodke, razkrije različne plati zapleta in poglobi razvoj več likov.

Jasnost in ravnovesje. Pri uporabi več pripovedovalcev je ključno, da to uredite že na začetku zgodbe, da bralci vedo, kaj lahko pričakujejo. Predstavite svoje pripovedovalce v prvih prizorih ali poglavjih in vzdržujte uravnoteženo menjavanje skozi celotno pripoved. Poskrbite, da bo vsak premik perspektive jasno označen in bo služil napredku zgodbe ali poglabljanju likov.

5. Strukturne zasnove za romane z več pripovedovalci: organizacija zapletenih pripovedi

Strukturna zasnova je formalna metoda organizacije dolgega romana z več pripovedovalci v tretji osebi.

Organizacijski okviri. Različne strukturne zasnove lahko pomagajo organizirati pripovedi z več perspektivami:

  • Redno ponavljajoče se perspektive: izmenjavanje pripovedovalcev v stalnem vrstnem redu
  • Kronološki deli: razdelitev pripovedi na časovno določene sklope
  • Paralelno potekajoči prizori: izmenjevanje med dvema ali več sočasnimi zgodbenimi linijami

Povečanje koherence. Te strukture bralcem omogočajo občutek ritma in pričakovanja, kar olajša sledenje zapletenim pripovedim z več perspektivami. Prav tako pomagajo piscu ohranjati ravnovesje med različnimi pripovedovalci in zagotavljajo, da se zgodbe posameznih likov dosledno razvijajo skozi celoten roman.

6. Prehodi med perspektivami: ohranjanje gladkih menjav

Gladki prehodi med razdaljami so nujni.

Postopne menjave. Pri prehodih med različnimi pripovedovalci ali razdaljami pripovedi stremite k gladkim, postopnim spremembam, ne pa nenadnim preskokom. To lahko dosežete z:

  • prehodom skozi srednjo razdaljo, da pridete od bližnje do oddaljene perspektive (ali obratno)
  • menjavo odstavkov ali prizorov ob spremembi pripovedovalca
  • prepisovanjem odsekov, da ohranite dosledno razdaljo ali perspektivo

Usmerjanje bralca. Jasni prehodi pomagajo bralcem, da se brez zmede prilagodijo novim perspektivam. Uporabite kontekstualne namige, značilne glasove likov ali eksplicitne oznake za signaliziranje menjav pripovedovalcev. Tako ohranjate tekočnost pripovedi in preprečujete, da bi bralci izgubili orientacijo ali se odmaknili od zgodbe.

7. Izbira pripovedovalca za vrhunec: poudarjanje osrednjega pomena zgodbe

Kaj želite, da vaša zgodba pomeni? Kakšen vtis želite pustiti bralcem? Kaj je po vašem mnenju srčika te pripovedi? Vrhunsko perspektivo dajte liku, ki to najbolj uteleša.

Strategična izbira perspektive. Izbira pripovedovalca za vrhunec lahko močno vpliva na pomen in učinek vaše zgodbe. Izberite lika, katerega pogled najbolje poudarja osrednje teme, konflikte ali sporočila vaše pripovedi. Ta odločitev lahko izpostavi določene plati zgodbe in usmeri končne vtise bralcev.

Čustvena resonanca. Premislite, kateri lik bo skozi svojo perspektivo ponudil najbolj čustveno močan vrhunec. To je lahko lik, ki je doživel največjo preobrazbo, se soočil z največjimi izzivi ali pa njegov pogled najbolj osvetljuje razplet zgodbe.

8. Prologi, epilogi in vmesna poglavja: širjenje pripovednih možnosti

Vmesna poglavja so lahko dobra rešitev, kadar imate preveč zgodbe za celo roman z več pripovedovalci v tretji osebi.

Dodatna pripovedna orodja. Prologi, epilogi in vmesna poglavja lahko razširijo obseg vaše pripovedi onkraj glavne strukture perspektiv:

  • Prologi: uvedba ključnih ozadij ali ustvarjanje napetosti
  • Epilogi: zaključek ali namig na prihodnje dogodke
  • Vmesna poglavja: dodatni pogledi ali informacije zunaj glavne pripovedi

Premišljena uporaba. Te elemente uporabljajte zmerno, da izboljšajo zgodbo, ne da bi motili njen tok. Lahko ponudijo kontekst, razširijo pripovedni obseg ali prinesejo vpoglede, ki ne bi ustrezali glavni strukturi perspektiv. Vendar naj bodo jasno ločeni od glavne pripovedi in uporabljeni le, kadar njihova prisotnost pomembno obogati celotno zgodbo.

Zadnja posodobitev:

FAQ

What's Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint about?

  • Character Development Focus: The book emphasizes creating dynamic characters and effective viewpoints in fiction writing, offering techniques and exercises for crafting believable and engaging characters.
  • Emotional Exploration: It delves into how emotions influence character behavior and how to convey these emotions through dialogue, actions, and thoughts, highlighting the significance of emotional arcs in storytelling.
  • Point of View Techniques: Various narrative perspectives, including first-person, third-person, and omniscient viewpoints, are covered, explaining how they affect the reader's connection to the characters.

Why should I read Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint?

  • Enhance Writing Skills: The book is a valuable resource for improving character development and emotional depth in stories, offering practical exercises that can be applied immediately.
  • Understand Reader Expectations: It provides insights into what readers expect from characters in different genres, helping writers meet those expectations effectively for successful storytelling.
  • Comprehensive Guidance: Serving as a comprehensive guide, it covers everything from character creation to emotional expression, making it suitable for both novice and experienced writers.

What are the key takeaways of Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint?

  • Character Sources: Kress identifies four sources for character creation: yourself, real people you know, strangers, and pure imagination, allowing for a rich tapestry of character backgrounds and motivations.
  • Emotional Arcs: The importance of emotional arcs is emphasized, stating that characters should undergo significant changes as a result of the story's events, crucial for engaging narratives.
  • Point of View Matters: The choice of narrative perspective greatly influences how readers perceive characters and their emotions, urging writers to carefully consider whose emotions they are sharing.

What techniques does Nancy Kress suggest for character development?

  • Mini-Bios: Creating mini-bios for each major character helps clarify their motivations, backgrounds, and emotional states, ensuring consistency in their portrayal.
  • Dramatization of Emotion: Instead of simply naming emotions, writers should dramatize them through actions, dialogue, and bodily sensations, making emotions more relatable and impactful.
  • Character Change: Showing character change through story events is important, emphasizing that characters should evolve in response to their experiences to keep the narrative dynamic.

How does Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint define emotional arcs?

  • Definition of Emotional Arc: An emotional arc is the journey a character undergoes in terms of their feelings throughout the story, reflecting how they learn, grow, or regress.
  • Importance of Change: Characters should not remain static; they must change significantly as a result of the story's events, essential for creating a compelling narrative.
  • Connection to Motivation: The emotional arc is closely tied to a character's motivations, as what they want drives their emotional responses, helping create nuanced and believable characters.

What are the different types of characters discussed in Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint?

  • Changers vs. Stayers: Characters are categorized into changers, who evolve throughout the story, and stayers, who remain consistent in their personality and motivations, serving different narrative purposes.
  • Protagonists in Genre Fiction: The book explores how protagonists in various genres often have specific traits that align with reader expectations, aiding in crafting relatable characters.
  • Complex Characters: Even stayers can have rich inner lives and motivations, adding depth to the story and engaging readers more effectively.

How does Nancy Kress suggest writers convey emotions effectively?

  • Show, Don’t Tell: Writers should avoid simply stating emotions and instead show them through character actions, dialogue, and physical reactions, making emotions more vivid and relatable.
  • Use of Dialogue: Emotional dialogue should reflect the character's temperament and situation, allowing readers to feel the weight of their emotions with authenticity.
  • Bodily Sensations: Incorporating bodily sensations, like a racing heart or trembling hands, enhances the portrayal of emotions, adding a physical dimension to the character's state.

What role does point of view play in character development according to Nancy Kress?

  • Influence on Reader Connection: The choice of point of view affects how readers connect with characters and their emotions, impacting storytelling.
  • Character Insights: Different points of view allow for varying levels of insight into a character's thoughts and feelings, influencing narrative depth.
  • Narrative Control: Writers can control how much information is revealed to the reader through their choice of point of view, creating suspense or empathy.

What common pitfalls in character writing does Nancy Kress warn against?

  • Lack of Depth: Creating flat characters who lack complexity or motivation can disengage readers and weaken the narrative.
  • Overly Predictable Arcs: Avoid making character arcs too predictable or clichéd, striving for originality and authenticity in character evolution.
  • Ignoring Reader Expectations: Failing to consider genre conventions and reader expectations can lead to dissatisfaction, emphasizing the importance of understanding what readers look for in characters.

What exercises does Nancy Kress recommend for improving character writing?

  • Mini-Bio Creation: Writers are encouraged to create mini-bios for their characters to clarify motivations and backgrounds, ensuring consistency and depth.
  • Emotional Dialogue Practice: Writing scenes focusing on emotional dialogue helps explore character expression, enhancing authenticity in interactions.
  • Point of View Exploration: Experimenting with different points of view can reveal how they affect character perception and emotional depth, leading to nuanced storytelling.

How can I effectively show emotion in my writing according to Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint?

  • Use Body Language: Incorporating physical reactions to emotions, like trembling hands or a flushed face, makes feelings more tangible.
  • Internal Thoughts: Characters' thoughts can reveal their emotional states, providing depth and insight into motivations and conflicts.
  • Dialogue and Action: Emotional expression can be conveyed through what characters say and do, making feelings evident without explicit statements.

What are the best quotes from Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint and what do they mean?

  • "Every character you create will be yourself.": This quote emphasizes the personal connection writers have with their characters, suggesting that their experiences shape fictional personas.
  • "The body doesn't lie.": It underscores the significance of physical reactions in conveying emotions, reminding writers that non-verbal cues can be powerful indicators of a character's inner state.
  • "Emotion is the heart of fiction.": This highlights the importance of emotional depth in storytelling, suggesting that relatable emotions drive reader engagement.

Ocene

4.05 od 5
Povprečje 2.2K ocene iz Goodreads in Amazon.

Knjiga Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint prejema večinoma pozitivne ocene, pri čemer bralci posebej pohvalijo njene praktične nasvete o razvoju likov, čustveni globini in tehnikah pripovedovanja z različnih vidikov. Veliko jih meni, da je koristna tako za začetne pisatelje kot tudi za izkušene avtorje, saj cenijo vaje in primere, ki jih knjiga ponuja. Nekateri recenzenti opozarjajo, da je vsebina za izkušene pisatelje morda že znana, vendar vseeno prinaša dragocene vpoglede za izboljšanje pripovednih veščin. Nekaj kritik se nanaša na ponavljajoče se dele in občasne težave s prevodom v izdajah v drugih jezikih.

Your rating:
4.56
39 ocene

O avtorju

Nancy Kress je priznana ameriška avtorica znanstvene fantastike, znana po svoji noveli "Beggars in Spain", ki je prejela nagradi Hugo in Nebula, kasneje pa je bila razširjena v roman. Pisati je začela leta 1976 in od takrat objavila številne romane ter kratke zgodbe. Redno piše kolumne za revijo Writer's Digest in pogosto vodi delavnice pisanja, med drugim na Clarionu in v The Writers Center v Bethesdi, Maryland. Njena strokovnost pri ustvarjanju prepričljivih zgodb jo uvršča med spoštovane avtorice tako v svetu znanstvene fantastike kot tudi v krogu učiteljev pisanja. V letih 2008 in 2009 je bila gostujoča profesorica za literaturo Picador na Inštitutu za ameriške študije Univerze v Leipzigu v Nemčiji.

Listen
Now playing
Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint
0:00
-0:00
Now playing
Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint
0:00
-0:00
1x
Voice
Speed
Dan
Andrew
Michelle
Lauren
1.0×
+
200 words per minute
Queue
Home
Library
Get App
Create a free account to unlock:
Recommendations: Personalized for you
Requests: Request new book summaries
Bookmarks: Save your favorite books
History: Revisit books later
Ratings: Rate books & see your ratings
100,000+ readers
Try Full Access for 7 Days
Listen, bookmark, and more
Compare Features Free Pro
📖 Read Summaries
All summaries are free to read in 40 languages
🎧 Listen to Summaries
Listen to unlimited summaries in 40 languages
❤️ Unlimited Bookmarks
Free users are limited to 4
📜 Unlimited History
Free users are limited to 4
📥 Unlimited Downloads
Free users are limited to 1
Risk-Free Timeline
Today: Get Instant Access
Listen to full summaries of 73,530 books. That's 12,000+ hours of audio!
Day 4: Trial Reminder
We'll send you a notification that your trial is ending soon.
Day 7: Your subscription begins
You'll be charged on Jul 14,
cancel anytime before.
Consume 2.8x More Books
2.8x more books Listening Reading
Our users love us
100,000+ readers
"...I can 10x the number of books I can read..."
"...exceptionally accurate, engaging, and beautifully presented..."
"...better than any amazon review when I'm making a book-buying decision..."
Save 62%
Yearly
$119.88 $44.99/year
$3.75/mo
Monthly
$9.99/mo
Start a 7-Day Free Trial
7 days free, then $44.99/year. Cancel anytime.
Scanner
Find a barcode to scan

Settings
General
Widget
Loading...