重点摘要
1. 从职能领导到企业领导的转变需要掌握七个重大转变
在高层确实不同。
范围和复杂性的显著增加。 从领导一个职能部门到管理整个业务单元的飞跃,代表了领导者职业生涯中的一个关键转折点。这一转变涉及视角、技能和职责的根本性转变。新的企业领导者必须迅速扩展他们的视野,超越他们的职能专长,监督业务的各个方面。他们面临着战略、运营、财务和利益相关者管理方面的新挑战,这些挑战考验了他们的经验和能力的极限。
七个关键的心态和方法转变。 为了成功应对这一转变,领导者必须掌握七个关键转变:
- 从专家到通才
- 从分析师到整合者
- 从战术家到战略家
- 从砖瓦匠到建筑师
- 从问题解决者到议程制定者
- 从战士到外交官
- 从配角到主角
这些转变要求领导者彻底改变他们的思维方式、决策方式、时间分配方式以及与他人的互动方式。掌握这些转变对于在企业层面的有效性至关重要。
2. 从专家到通才的转变:发展广泛的业务理解
如果新任命的企业领导者在所有业务职能方面都是世界级专家,那将是很棒的,但当然他们从来不是。
拓宽职能知识。 新的企业领导者必须迅速发展对所有业务职能的工作理解,而不仅仅是他们的专长领域。这需要有意识地学习财务、运营、市场营销、人力资源和其他领域。领导者应抵制过度管理其前职能部门而忽视不熟悉领域的诱惑。
培养整体业务敏锐度。 企业领导要求能够看到大局,并在整个业务中做出明智的判断。这包括:
- 理解不同职能如何相互关联并影响整体绩效
- 认识职能优先级之间的权衡
- 发展财务和运营素养以解释业务结果
- 学会向职能专家提出正确的问题
- 与各职能领导建立关系以获得多样化的视角
成功的企业领导者在广度和深度之间取得平衡,知道何时依赖职能专家,何时根据更广泛的业务考虑挑战他们的建议。
3. 从分析师到整合者的转变:跨职能连接点
为了成功完成转变,管理者必须在领导重点和技能方面进行一系列棘手的变化。
综合跨职能见解。 企业领导者必须超越在单一领域内分析数据,整合整个组织的信息和视角。这需要:
- 识别不同业务领域之间的联系和模式
- 促进职能之间的协作和知识共享
- 解决职能优先级之间的冲突,以优化整体结果
- 传达一个将业务各方面联系在一起的连贯叙述
促进系统思维。 有效的整合需要将组织视为一个相互关联的系统。领导者应:
- 绘制职能、流程和利益相关者之间的关键相互依赖关系
- 预见决策在整个业务中的连锁反应
- 培养跨职能团队合作和相互理解的文化
- 发展强化整合方法的指标和激励机制
通过成为熟练的整合者,企业领导者可以释放协同效应,并推动整个组织更协调、更有效的行动。
4. 从战术家到战略家的转变:专注于长期愿景和规划
像哈拉尔德一样,许多新星在从领导一个职能部门到领导一个企业的转变中绊倒,首次承担P&L责任并监督公司职能部门的高管。
提升视角以创造长期价值。 企业领导者必须将重点从短期战术执行转移到长期战略思维。这包括:
- 定义一个引人注目的业务愿景和方向
- 分析行业趋势、竞争动态和新兴机会
- 做出资源分配决策以支持长期目标
- 在短期绩效与未来能力投资之间取得平衡
发展战略敏锐度。 有效的战略家培养特定的技能和实践:
- 场景规划以预见潜在的未来
- 竞争分析以识别优势来源
- 商业模式创新以创造新的价值主张
- 投资组合管理以优化资源部署
- 战略合作伙伴关系和并购以加速增长
企业领导者必须抵制日常救火的诱惑,腾出专门时间进行战略反思和规划。与执行团队和董事会的定期战略会议对于保持这种长期导向至关重要。
5. 从砖瓦匠到建筑师的转变:设计和塑造组织系统
公司有意安排他管理一个小但蓬勃发展的业务,并拥有一支强大的团队。
塑造组织环境。 企业领导者必须超越在现有结构内执行,积极设计系统、流程和文化,以实现组织成功。这包括:
- 定义和强化核心价值观和行为
- 建立治理机制和决策权
- 设计组织结构和汇报关系
- 实施绩效管理和激励系统
- 培养创新和持续改进的文化
为敏捷性和可扩展性架构。 有效的企业领导者创建适应性强的组织,能够随着市场条件的变化而发展:
- 构建模块化和灵活的结构,便于重新配置
- 实施可扩展的流程和系统以支持增长
- 培养能够快速适应的学习型组织
- 在效率标准化和本地需求定制之间取得平衡
- 建立感知和响应外部变化的机制
通过像建筑师一样思考,企业领导者可以为整个组织的持续高绩效创造条件。
6. 从问题解决者到议程制定者的转变:主动定义关键问题
没有基本的信任,老板会感到有必要检查下属的所有决定,这使得很难进行委派。
塑造战略议程。 企业领导者必须从被动解决问题转变为主动定义业务面临的关键挑战和机遇。这包括:
- 识别行业中的新兴趋势和颠覆性力量
- 为组织框定关键战略问题
- 优先考虑项目并分配资源以推动议程
- 围绕所选方向传达引人注目的叙述
培养前瞻性和影响力。 有效的议程制定者发展特定的能力:
- 环境扫描以检测变化的微弱信号
- 系统思维以预见二次和三次效应
- 利益相关者管理以建立对议程的支持
- 讲故事的技巧以激发对关键优先事项的行动
- 政治敏锐度以驾驭竞争利益和视角
企业领导者必须抵制仅关注解决眼前问题的诱惑。通过设定前瞻性的议程,他们可以围绕一组共享的优先事项对组织进行对齐,并创造一种目标感和方向感。
7. 从战士到外交官的转变:驾驭复杂的利益相关者关系
为了了解如何做到这一点,我对这一关键转折点进行了深入研究,进行了广泛的采访,包括40多位高管,其中包括培养高潜力人才的经理、高级人力资源专业人士以及首次转向企业领导的个人。
管理多样的利益相关者利益。 企业领导者必须从对抗性的、赢输心态转变为平衡多方利益的协作方法。这包括:
- 与董事会成员、投资者、监管者和合作伙伴建立关系
- 驾驭不同业务单元和职能部门之间的优先级竞争
- 围绕共享愿景对齐内部和外部利益相关者
- 解决冲突并促进不同群体之间的合作
发展外交技能。 有效的企业领导者培养特定的能力:
- 积极倾听以理解不同的视角
- 情商以驾驭敏感的人际动态
- 谈判和影响技巧以找到双赢解决方案
- 文化意识以在多样化的背景下有效运作
- 联盟建设以动员对关键项目的支持
通过拥抱外交官的角色,企业领导者可以创造必要的对齐和善意,以推动跨复杂利益相关者环境的重大项目和变革。
8. 从配角到主角的转变:成为企业的公众形象
他们必须面对一系列全新的棘手问题:我们公司议程上的大问题是什么?整个业务面临哪些机遇和威胁?我如何确保整个组织的成功?
体现组织的身份。 企业领导者必须走到台前,成为对内对外的主要代表。这包括:
- 阐明组织的愿景、价值观和战略
- 与员工、客户和合作伙伴建立信任和信誉
- 代表公司与媒体、投资者和其他外部利益相关者互动
- 通过言行设定组织文化的基调
发展高管风范。 有效的企业领导者培养特定的技能:
- 公共演讲和演示能力
- 媒体关系和危机沟通
- 个人品牌和声誉管理
- 真实的领导力以激励和激发他人
- 在高压情况下的沉着和风度
企业领导者必须适应增加的可见性和审查。通过拥抱他们作为企业形象的角色,他们可以塑造认知、建立信心,并团结利益相关者围绕共同的目标。
9. 成功的转变需要时间、支持和有意识的技能发展
设定看起来很完美,但在新职位上几个月后,哈拉尔德陷入了困境。
认识到挑战。 向企业领导的转变是一个重大转变,需要时间和努力才能成功应对。组织和个人应:
- 为学习曲线设定现实的期望
- 提供结构化的支持和资源以帮助转变
- 创造机会在全面转变之前逐步建立技能
投资于发展。 有效的转变需要有意识地专注于建立新能力:
- 高管教练以加速学习并提供反馈
- 关于企业领导技能的正式培训计划
- 通过跨职能经验建立的挑战性任务
- 来自经验丰富的企业领导者的指导
- 分享挑战和最佳实践的同行网络
组织应将向企业领导的转变视为对其人才管道的关键投资。通过提供正确的支持和发展机会,他们可以显著提高新企业领导者的成功率。
10. 企业领导者必须在决策中平衡广度和深度
为了进一步阐明我们关于背上的猴子与分配和控制过程之间的类比,我们将简要提及经理的预约时间表,其中包含五条关于“猴子的照料和喂养”的硬性规则。
驾驭通才与专家的紧张关系。 企业领导者必须在广泛监督和深入职能知识之间找到正确的平衡。这包括:
- 知道何时依赖职能专家与挑战他们的建议
- 提出探究性问题以测试假设并发现潜在问题
- 综合多样化的输入以做出明智的决策
- 认识到自己的知识差距和偏见
发展决策框架。 有效的企业领导者培养特定的方法:
- 定义明确的决策标准和流程
- 汇集多样化的视角并鼓励健康的辩论
- 使用数据和分析来指导选择
- 考虑短期和长期的影响
- 在分析严谨性与直觉和判断之间取得平衡
通过在广度和深度之间取得正确的平衡,企业领导者可以做出优化整个业务结果的明智决策,而不仅仅是个别职能或利益相关者。
11. 有效的企业领导依赖于建立强大的执行团队
继续他的成功之路,他被提升为聚乙烯部门的市场和销售副总裁,负责多个产品线、相关服务和近200名员工。
培养高绩效的领导团队。 企业领导者必须从个人贡献者转变为协调多样化执行团队的努力。这包括:
- 选择和发展合适的职能领导组合
- 促进团队成员之间的协作和信任
- 围绕共享的愿景和战略对齐团队
- 创建责任和结果的文化
利用集体智慧。 有效的企业领导者充分发挥团队的潜力:
- 鼓励健康的辩论和多样化的视角
- 授权领导者做出决策
- 促进知识共享和跨职能学习
- 在团队中建立互补的技能和经验
- 创建揭示和解决团队动态的机制
通过建立强大、凝聚的执行团队,企业领导者可以成倍地增加他们的影响力,并有效管理整个业务的复杂性。团队成为推动企业范围内项目和执行能力的关键支持、洞察和执行来源。
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FAQ
What's "HBR's 10 Must Reads for New Managers" about?
- Definitive Collection: This book is part of the HBR's 10 Must Reads series, which compiles essential articles from the Harvard Business Review, focusing on critical topics for new managers.
- Key Topics: It covers a range of subjects including leadership, team management, emotional intelligence, and strategic thinking, providing a comprehensive guide for new managers.
- Bonus Content: The book includes a bonus article, “How Managers Become Leaders” by Michael D. Watkins, which discusses the transition from managing a function to leading an enterprise.
- Practical Advice: It offers practical advice and insights from experienced leaders and experts to help new managers navigate their roles effectively.
Why should I read "HBR's 10 Must Reads for New Managers"?
- Comprehensive Guidance: It provides a well-rounded understanding of the challenges and responsibilities new managers face, making it a valuable resource for those new to management.
- Expert Insights: The book features articles by renowned authors and experts in the field of management, offering credible and tested advice.
- Skill Development: It focuses on developing essential skills such as delegation, strategic thinking, and emotional intelligence, which are crucial for managerial success.
- Real-World Applications: The book includes real-world examples and case studies that illustrate how to apply the concepts in practical situations.
What are the key takeaways of "HBR's 10 Must Reads for New Managers"?
- Transition Challenges: New managers often struggle with the transition from individual contributor to leader, facing challenges in delegation and strategic thinking.
- Emotional Intelligence: Developing emotional intelligence is crucial for effective leadership, as it helps in understanding and managing both personal and team emotions.
- Networking Importance: Building and leveraging networks is essential for strategic success and personal development in a managerial role.
- Leadership Styles: Understanding and adapting different leadership styles can help managers lead more effectively and inspire their teams.
What are the best quotes from "HBR's 10 Must Reads for New Managers" and what do they mean?
- "Becoming the Boss": This quote emphasizes the fundamental shift in mindset required when transitioning to a managerial role, highlighting the importance of continuous learning and self-development.
- "Harnessing the Science of Persuasion": This quote underscores the power of persuasion in leadership, suggesting that understanding human behavior can significantly enhance a manager's influence.
- "Managing the High-Intensity Workplace": This quote reflects the challenges of maintaining work-life balance in demanding environments and the need for managers to support their teams in managing stress.
- "How Managers Become Leaders": This quote illustrates the complex transition from managing a function to leading an enterprise, emphasizing the need for strategic thinking and broader organizational understanding.
How does "HBR's 10 Must Reads for New Managers" help with leadership development?
- Skill Building: The book focuses on building key leadership skills such as emotional intelligence, strategic thinking, and effective communication.
- Role Transition: It provides insights into the transition from individual contributor to leader, helping new managers understand and navigate this change.
- Practical Tools: The articles offer practical tools and frameworks that managers can apply to improve their leadership effectiveness.
- Continuous Learning: It encourages a mindset of continuous learning and adaptation, which is essential for leadership growth.
What is the "Becoming the Boss" article by Linda A. Hill about?
- Leadership Journey: The article discusses the challenging journey of becoming a leader, emphasizing the importance of continuous learning and self-development.
- First-Time Managers: It highlights the trials and transformations that first-time managers experience, which shape their leadership philosophies and styles.
- Common Misconceptions: The article addresses common misconceptions about management, such as the belief that authority automatically leads to compliance.
- Effective Transition: It provides strategies for new managers to effectively transition into their roles, focusing on realistic expectations and relationship building.
What does "Harnessing the Science of Persuasion" by Robert B. Cialdini teach?
- Persuasion Principles: The article outlines six fundamental principles of persuasion that can be applied in management to influence others effectively.
- Practical Applications: It provides practical examples of how these principles can be used in business settings to secure consensus and win concessions.
- Behavioral Insights: The article draws on behavioral science research to explain how persuasion works by appealing to basic human drives and needs.
- Ethical Use: It emphasizes the ethical use of persuasion techniques, warning against manipulation and advocating for mutual benefit.
How does "Managing the High-Intensity Workplace" address work-life balance?
- Ideal Worker Pressure: The article discusses the pressure on employees to be "ideal workers" who are always available and committed to work.
- Coping Strategies: It explores different strategies employees use to cope with unrealistic expectations, such as acceptance, passing, and revealing.
- Organizational Culture: The article suggests that redefining the "ideal" worker can lead to a healthier organizational culture and more engaged employees.
- Managerial Role: It highlights the role of managers in protecting employees' personal lives and promoting a balanced work environment.
What insights does "How Managers Become Leaders" by Michael D. Watkins offer?
- Seismic Shifts: The article identifies seven seismic shifts that managers must navigate when transitioning to enterprise leadership.
- Broader Responsibilities: It discusses the increased scope and complexity of responsibilities that come with leading an entire enterprise.
- Strategic Focus: The article emphasizes the need for strategic thinking and the ability to integrate knowledge across functions.
- Leadership Development: It provides guidance on developing the skills and mindsets necessary for successful enterprise leadership.
How does "Saving Your Rookie Managers from Themselves" by Carol A. Walker help new managers?
- Common Pitfalls: The article identifies common pitfalls that rookie managers face, such as reluctance to delegate and difficulty in strategic thinking.
- Supportive Role: It emphasizes the role of senior managers in supporting and coaching new managers to help them succeed.
- Skill Development: The article provides strategies for developing essential management skills, such as communication and constructive feedback.
- Building Confidence: It offers advice on how new managers can project confidence and build trust with their teams.
What role does emotional intelligence play in "HBR's 10 Must Reads for New Managers"?
- Leadership Effectiveness: Emotional intelligence is highlighted as a critical component of effective leadership, influencing how managers interact with their teams.
- Self-Awareness: The book emphasizes the importance of self-awareness in understanding one's emotions and their impact on others.
- Empathy and Motivation: It discusses the role of empathy in understanding team dynamics and motivation in driving performance.
- Skill Development: The book provides guidance on developing emotional intelligence skills through practice and feedback.
How does "Managing Your Boss" by John J. Gabarro and John P. Kotter guide managers?
- Mutual Dependence: The article discusses the mutual dependence between managers and their bosses, emphasizing the importance of managing this relationship.
- Understanding Needs: It highlights the need for managers to understand their boss's goals, pressures, and work style to build a productive relationship.
- Communication: The article provides strategies for effective communication and information flow between managers and their bosses.
- Expectations Management: It emphasizes the importance of setting and managing mutual expectations to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts.
评论
《哈佛商业评论新经理人必读的10篇文章》因其对管理核心话题的全面覆盖而获得好评。读者们认为这本书对新经理和有经验的经理都很有参考价值,特别是其对组织行为、职场政治和领导力过渡的见解。该书因其易读的格式和永不过时的教训而受到赞誉。主要收获包括沟通、自我意识、战略思维和提供建设性反馈。尽管有些读者认为某些部分较为笼统,但大多数读者认为这是一本对职业发展非常有价值的资源,并推荐给同事。
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