重点摘要
1. 惊喜是幽默的精髓
幽默中还有其他有助于提升效果的元素,比如相关性、真实性、时机、悲剧或打破禁忌。但即使没有这些元素,幽默仍然可以存在。幽默不能没有惊喜。
惊喜激发笑声。 虽然相关性和时机等元素可以增强幽默,但惊喜是唯一不可或缺的成分。即使是可预测的笑话也必须以一种令人惊讶的方式展开才能引发笑声。写幽默的关键在于找到持续让观众感到惊讶的方法。
培养意想不到的效果。 为了制造惊喜,挑战常见的假设,结合不相关的想法,或将熟悉的概念推向极端。训练自己从非常规的角度看世界。你越能以巧妙的方式颠覆期望,你的写作就会变得越有趣。
2. 潜台词将幽默提升到更高层次
幽默写作中的潜台词通常是作者持有的价值判断或观点。在好的讽刺写作中,这种潜台词是普遍的,几乎每个人都能产生共鸣。
隐藏的意义放大影响。 潜台词是笑话表面之下的潜在信息或评论。它增加了深度和共鸣,使幽默更具智力上的满足感。最好的讽刺作品利用潜台词来批判社会或人性。
打造层次丰富的笑话。 在发展幽默时,考虑:
- 表面层次的笑话
- 更深层次的意义或评论
- 这两个层次如何互动
强有力的潜台词通常指出社会或人类行为中的缺陷。它应该是隐含的,而不是直接陈述的,让读者自己去发现。
3. 11种幽默过滤器是创造幽默的工具
这11种幽默过滤器在边缘处往往会模糊不清。有些比其他的关系更密切。
幽默创作工具包。 11种幽默过滤器是:讽刺、角色、震惊、夸张、文字游戏、引用、疯狂、模仿、类比、错位焦点和元幽默。这些是构建笑话和幽默写作的基本构件。
混合搭配以获得最佳效果。 虽然每个过滤器可以独立工作,但结合多个过滤器通常会产生更丰富、更有层次的幽默。尝试不同的组合,找到最适合你的风格和主题的方法。记住,这些类别是流动的,常常重叠,为你的幽默写作提供灵活性。
4. 可达性是吸引广泛观众的关键
事实上,你能想到的所有常用的搞笑点子都已经被用滥了:香蕉皮滑倒、丈母娘、三个人走进酒吧……你如何想到一些新的搞笑点子?
普遍性产生联系。 可达性的幽默通过触及共同的经历和情感来吸引广泛的观众。它避免了过于小众的引用或复杂的设置,这些可能会疏远读者。
平衡新颖性和熟悉感。 为了创造既可达又新鲜的幽默:
- 用现代的扭曲更新熟悉的概念
- 从普遍的经历中找到新的角度
- 使用清晰、相关的语言
- 避免晦涩的引用或内部笑话
- 在多样化的观众中测试你的材料以获得反馈
5. 避免陈词滥调以保持幽默的新鲜感
如果你使用陈词滥调的笑话、话题或角色,读者会立即本能地知道你的幽默写作不太好,他们可能不会坚持看下去。
原创性吸引读者。 幽默写作中的陈词滥调表明思维懒惰和缺乏创造力。它们无法让读者感到惊讶,而惊讶是产生笑声的关键。通过避免过度使用的笑话和套路,你展示了对观众智力的尊重。
培养独特的声音。 为了避免陈词滥调:
- 质疑你的第一个想法——它们通常是最明显的
- 关注流行文化和喜剧趋势
- 从意想不到的来源寻找灵感
- 以新颖的方式结合熟悉的元素
- 定期更新你个人的禁忌陈词滥调列表
6. 数量带来质量在幽默写作中
通过写更多,你会产生更多的原始材料,从中提取出高质量的想法。没有作家只写一个笑话就能立即成为金子。
数量带来卓越。 通往伟大幽默写作的道路在于产生许多想法,然后选择和完善最好的。这种方法允许实验和意外发现,如果你只追求“完美”的想法,这些发现是不会发生的。
接受不完美。 为了增加你的幽默产出:
- 设定每日写作目标(例如,每天10个笑话)
- 使用定时写作练习来绕过自我审查
- 保持一个想法笔记本以便不断收集
- 定期回顾和完善你的材料库
- 与他人合作以增加想法的产生
7. 平衡你内心的小丑和编辑
要写好幽默,你需要成为一个小丑。你需要写下你所有的想法,无论你认为它有多愚蠢。
双重心态激发创造力。 小丑代表不受限制的创造力,而编辑带来批判性分析。平衡这些心态可以让你产生大量的想法,然后有效地加以完善。
培养两方面的能力。 为了发展你的小丑和编辑:
小丑:
- 练习不加判断的自由写作
- 接受荒谬或“愚蠢”的想法
- 说“是的,并且”来扩展概念
编辑:
- 学习幽默技巧和结构
- 分析成功的笑话和喜剧写作
- 制定评估自己作品的标准
8. 谨慎但有效地使用元幽默
元幽默取笑其他幽默或幽默的概念,要么通过描述幽默的效果,要么将幽默本身作为笑话的主题,或针对某种幽默媒介或特定的幽默尝试。
自我意识增加深度。 元幽默可以对喜剧本身提供巧妙的评论。然而,它有可能疏远那些不是喜剧内行或爱好者的读者。
战略性使用。 使用元幽默时:
- 确保它对普通观众是可理解的
- 用它来突出关于人性的更广泛的真理
- 将其与其他幽默过滤器结合以增加影响
- 避免过度使用,这可能显得自命不凡
- 将其视为“点缀”而不是主菜
9. 震惊幽默需要适度和目的
震惊可以从轻微到极端不等。一个笑话可以只带有一点震惊,或者根据需要传达潜台词而有过量的震惊。
有目的的挑衅。 震惊幽默可以是吸引注意力和挑战规范的强大工具。然而,如果过度使用或没有有意义的潜台词,它很快就会失去效果。
有计划的冒险。 使用震惊幽默时:
- 确保它服务于更大的观点或评论
- 考虑你的观众的感受
- 将其作为调味品,而不是主要成分
- 准备好为你的艺术选择辩护
- 向上打击,而不是向下——针对有权力的人,而不是弱势群体
10. 模仿要求逼真
模仿的基本准则是你要尽可能忠实地模仿你要模仿的形式,而不是向读者眨眼。
准确性放大幽默。 有效的模仿需要对原始材料的风格、格式和惯例有深刻的理解。你的模仿越接近,当你颠覆期望时,喜剧效果就越强。
掌握模仿技巧。 要创造引人入胜的模仿:
- 彻底研究你的目标(语言、结构、语气)
- 识别定义原作的关键元素
- 精确地再现这些元素
- 通过微妙的扭曲或夸张引入幽默
- 避免打破角色或解释笑话
11. 练习所有幽默过滤器以发展你的技能
当你训练你的喜剧写作肌肉,能够使用任何幽默过滤器写任何类型的笑话时,你就增加了你的潜在读者群。
多样性扩大影响。 虽然你可能自然倾向于某些类型的幽默,但掌握所有幽默过滤器可以让你与更广泛的观众联系,并有效地处理各种主题。
有意识地培养技能。 为了提高你的范围:
- 每天设定挑战,使用每种幽默过滤器写作
- 分析每种过滤器成功的例子
- 以意想不到的方式结合过滤器
- 对你不太熟悉的风格寻求反馈
- 定期将自己推向喜剧舒适区之外
记住,一个全面的幽默作家可以适应不同的观众、主题和格式,从而增加在竞争激烈的喜剧写作世界中成功的机会。
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FAQ
What's "How To Write Funny" about?
- Blueprint for Humor Writing: "How To Write Funny" by Scott Dikkers provides a structured approach to creating humorous writing. It breaks down the process into manageable steps.
- Understanding Humor: The book explores what makes writing funny, focusing on the mechanics of humor and how to reliably generate laughs.
- Tools and Techniques: It introduces various tools and techniques that professional comedy writers use, such as the 11 Funny Filters, to craft jokes and humorous content.
- Practical Exercises: The book includes exercises and methods to help writers develop their comedic skills, making it a practical guide for aspiring humor writers.
Why should I read "How To Write Funny"?
- Learn from an Expert: Scott Dikkers, a co-founder of The Onion, shares his expertise and insights into humor writing, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in comedy.
- Structured Approach: The book offers a clear, step-by-step blueprint for writing humor, which can help both beginners and experienced writers improve their craft.
- Comprehensive Coverage: It covers a wide range of topics, from overcoming writer's block to understanding different types of laughs, providing a thorough understanding of humor writing.
- Practical Application: With exercises and actionable advice, the book is designed to help readers apply what they learn and start writing funny content immediately.
What are the key takeaways of "How To Write Funny"?
- Importance of Subtext: Subtext is crucial in humor writing, as it adds depth and surprise, making jokes more satisfying and memorable.
- 11 Funny Filters: These are the fundamental building blocks of humor, including Irony, Character, Shock, and others, which help transform ideas into jokes.
- Balancing Clown and Editor: Successful humor writing requires balancing the creative, spontaneous side (Clown) with the critical, analytical side (Editor).
- Accessibility and Brevity: Making humor accessible and concise is essential for reaching a wide audience and maximizing comedic impact.
What are the 11 Funny Filters in "How To Write Funny"?
- Irony: Involves expressing the opposite of the intended meaning to create humor.
- Character: Uses a character's traits to generate jokes, often through archetypes like the Dummy or the Know-It-All.
- Shock: Employs elements like sex, swearing, or violence to surprise and amuse.
- Hyperbole: Exaggerates to an impossible degree to highlight absurdity and create laughs.
- Wordplay: Involves playing with words, such as puns or double meanings, to craft jokes.
- Reference: Relies on shared experiences or cultural touchstones to connect with the audience.
- Madcap: Uses slapstick, absurdity, and non-sequiturs for comedic effect.
- Parody: Mimics another work or style to create humor through imitation.
- Analogy: Compares two disparate things to highlight similarities in a humorous way.
- Misplaced Focus: Draws attention to trivial details to indirectly highlight the main issue.
- Metahumor: Makes humor itself the subject of the joke, often through self-reference or deconstruction.
How does Scott Dikkers suggest overcoming writer's block in "How To Write Funny"?
- Morning Pages Exercise: Write continuously for half an hour every day without judgment to clear mental blocks and stimulate creativity.
- Notebook Habit: Carry a notebook to jot down any amusing thoughts or observations throughout the day, capturing spontaneous ideas.
- Balance Clown and Editor: Develop both the creative (Clown) and analytical (Editor) sides of your brain to generate and refine ideas effectively.
- Regular Practice: Consistent writing practice helps build momentum and reduces the likelihood of writer's block over time.
What is the role of Subtext in humor writing according to "How To Write Funny"?
- Hidden Message: Subtext is the underlying message or opinion in a joke that adds depth and surprise, making it more engaging.
- Universal Appeal: Good Subtext often points out a universal truth or flaw, making the humor more relatable and impactful.
- Concealed Delivery: Subtext should never be stated outright; it should be discovered by the reader, enhancing the comedic effect.
- Foundation for Jokes: Subtext serves as the foundation for crafting jokes, guiding the use of Funny Filters to veil the message humorously.
What are the methods for writing jokes in "How To Write Funny"?
- Filtering Method: Start with Subtext and filter it through one or more Funny Filters to create a joke.
- Finessing Method: Begin with a joke or funny idea and refine it using an understanding of Subtext and Funny Filters.
- Divining Method: Use the Funny Filters to generate humor from scratch, even without initial ideas or notes.
- Iterative Process: Each method involves trial and error, encouraging writers to experiment and refine their jokes for maximum comedic effect.
How does "How To Write Funny" address the balance between creativity and criticism?
- Clown vs. Editor: The book emphasizes the need to balance the creative, spontaneous Clown side with the critical, analytical Editor side.
- Developing Both Sides: Exercises like Morning Pages help cultivate the Clown, while structured editing practices strengthen the Editor.
- Avoiding Over-Criticism: Writers are encouraged to embrace their ideas without immediate judgment, allowing creativity to flow before refining.
- Iterative Improvement: The process involves generating ideas freely and then critically assessing and improving them for better humor writing.
What are some practical exercises from "How To Write Funny"?
- Morning Pages: Write continuously for 30 minutes daily to stimulate creativity and overcome mental blocks.
- Notebook Habit: Keep a notebook to capture spontaneous ideas and observations that could inspire humor.
- Funny Filter Practice: Write jokes using each of the 11 Funny Filters to develop versatility and skill in humor writing.
- Regular Review: Periodically review and refine ideas from your notebook and Morning Pages to identify potential jokes and improve them.
What are the best quotes from "How To Write Funny" and what do they mean?
- "Comedy is like a frog—once you start dissecting it, it’s not funny." This highlights the complexity of humor and the challenge of analyzing it without losing its essence.
- "Quantity is the Key to Quality." Emphasizes the importance of producing a large volume of work to find and refine the best ideas.
- "Comfort the Afflicted, Afflict the Comfortable." Suggests that effective satire targets those in power or authority, rather than vulnerable groups.
- "If they laugh, it’s funny." Reminds writers that the ultimate goal of humor is to make people laugh, regardless of the method used.
How does "How To Write Funny" suggest making humor accessible?
- Brevity is Key: Keep writing concise to make it easier for readers to engage and understand the humor.
- Universal Themes: Use themes and references that are widely relatable to reach a broader audience.
- Clear Subtext: Ensure the Subtext is easily discoverable by the reader, enhancing the joke's impact.
- Avoid Clichés: Steer clear of overused jokes and topics to maintain originality and surprise in humor writing.
What is the significance of the "Clown and Editor" concept in "How To Write Funny"?
- Dual Mindset: The Clown represents creativity and spontaneity, while the Editor embodies logic and criticism.
- Balancing Act: Successful humor writing requires balancing these two mindsets to generate and refine ideas effectively.
- Cultivating Creativity: Exercises like Morning Pages help develop the Clown, encouraging free-flowing ideas without judgment.
- Structured Refinement: The Editor's role is to critically assess and improve ideas, ensuring the final product is polished and effective.
评论
读者们称赞《如何写搞笑》这本书,因为它提供了实用的、循序渐进的喜剧写作方法。许多人认为这本书让他们大开眼界,打破了关于天赋的迷思,并提供了一个生成幽默的结构化框架。尽管有些读者希望看到更多的例子,但大多数人都欣赏这本书内容简洁且信息密集。它被广泛推荐给有志于成为喜剧演员和希望提高幽默技巧的作家,许多人在应用书中的技巧后报告说他们在喜剧事业上取得了更大的成功。