Facebook Pixel
Searching...
简体中文
EnglishEnglish
EspañolSpanish
简体中文Chinese
FrançaisFrench
DeutschGerman
日本語Japanese
PortuguêsPortuguese
ItalianoItalian
한국어Korean
РусскийRussian
NederlandsDutch
العربيةArabic
PolskiPolish
हिन्दीHindi
Tiếng ViệtVietnamese
SvenskaSwedish
ΕλληνικάGreek
TürkçeTurkish
ไทยThai
ČeštinaCzech
RomânăRomanian
MagyarHungarian
УкраїнськаUkrainian
Bahasa IndonesiaIndonesian
DanskDanish
SuomiFinnish
БългарскиBulgarian
עבריתHebrew
NorskNorwegian
HrvatskiCroatian
CatalàCatalan
SlovenčinaSlovak
LietuviųLithuanian
SlovenščinaSlovenian
СрпскиSerbian
EestiEstonian
LatviešuLatvian
فارسیPersian
മലയാളംMalayalam
தமிழ்Tamil
اردوUrdu
Taking Charge of Adult ADHD

Taking Charge of Adult ADHD

作者 Russell A. Barkley 2000 294 页数
3.86
3k+ 评分
7 分钟
Listen to Summary (7 分钟)

重点摘要

1. 多动症是一种自我控制的发展障碍,而不仅仅是注意力问题

多动症可能是所有儿童心理障碍中研究得最透彻的一种。然而,我们对多动症心理学的理解仍然不完全。

执行功能缺陷。 多动症主要是一种自我控制和执行功能的障碍,而不仅仅是注意力问题。这涉及以下困难:

  • 抑制行为
  • 维持注意力
  • 控制冲动
  • 自我调节活动水平
  • 工作记忆
  • 计划和组织
  • 情绪自我调节

患有多动症的儿童在管理相对于时间和未来后果的行为方面存在困难。他们经常生活在“现在”,难以考虑其行为的长期影响。

2. 遗传和神经因素是多动症的主要原因

多动症是一种有效的障碍的证据不仅丰富,而且由来已久,几十年来甚至几个世纪以来一直被临床科学家认为是如此。

生物学基础。 多动症具有强烈的遗传成分,并与神经差异有关:

  • 70-80%的多动症风险归因于遗传因素
  • 脑成像研究显示多动症个体在结构和功能上的差异
  • 受影响的关键脑区包括:
    • 前额叶皮层
    • 基底神经节
    • 小脑
    • 前扣带回皮层

环境因素如母亲在怀孕期间吸烟或饮酒可能在某些情况下增加风险,但对大多数多动症个体来说并不是主要原因。

3. 多动症影响儿童生活的多个方面,不仅仅是学业

多动症是真实存在的:一种真实的障碍,一个真实的问题,并且在未得到适当治疗时常常是一个真实的障碍。

广泛影响。 多动症影响儿童生活的各个领域:

  • 学业表现:难以完成作业,成绩较低,留级率较高
  • 社交关系:难以交朋友和维持友谊,社交排斥
  • 家庭动态:家庭压力和冲突增加
  • 情绪健康:自尊心较低,焦虑和抑郁率较高
  • 行为:反抗行为和品行问题的发生率较高
  • 未来结果:物质滥用风险增加,工作不稳定和关系困难

了解多动症的广泛影响对于制定全面的治疗计划和支持策略至关重要。

4. 有效的育儿需要以原则为中心的执行方法

要声称多动症是一种真实的发展障碍,科学家必须证明:(1) 它在儿童发展早期出现;(2) 它明显区分这些儿童与正常儿童或没有这种障碍的儿童;(3) 它相对普遍或在许多不同情况下发生,尽管不一定在所有情况下;(4) 它影响儿童在各种主要生活活动中成功应对典型需求的能力;(5) 它在时间或发展上相对持久;(6) 它不能单纯由环境或社会原因解释;(7) 它与大脑功能或发展的异常有关,即存在所有正常人类中自然功能的失败或缺陷;(8) 它与其他可能影响大脑功能或发展的生物因素有关(即遗传、伤害、毒素等)。

执行育儿。 多动症儿童的父母必须采取战略性、以原则为中心的方法:

  1. 理解多动症是一种发展障碍
  2. 制定现实的期望和应对态度
  3. 建立明确的规则并一致执行
  4. 积极有效地沟通
  5. 使用解决问题的策略处理分歧
  6. 实施行为管理技术
  7. 与学校和专业人士合作
  8. 保持幽默感并进行自我照顾

这种方法帮助父母在应对多动症儿童的挑战时保持积极的关系,并促进儿童的成长和发展。

5. 行为管理技术对多动症儿童至关重要

这里建议的治疗方案需要与药物结合使用,以治疗多动症儿童的学校问题。最近的研究表明,行为方案和药物结合使用的效果优于单独使用任何一种治疗。

行为矫正。 管理多动症行为的有效策略包括:

  • 积极强化:表扬、代币系统和奖励期望的行为
  • 明确后果:对不良行为的一致、即时反应
  • 暂停:对严重不良行为的短暂移除奖励活动
  • 家校沟通:每日报告卡以协调努力
  • 自我监控:教孩子跟踪和评估自己的行为

关键原则:

  • 提供频繁、即时的反馈
  • 使用比普通儿童更强有力的后果
  • 在惩罚之前实施奖励
  • 在各个环境中保持一致性

将这些行为技术与药物(在适当情况下)结合使用通常能为多动症儿童带来最佳效果。

6. 学校成功取决于教师的知识和课堂策略

您孩子在学校成功的最重要因素是您孩子的老师。

课堂适应。 支持多动症学生的有效策略包括:

  • 座位安排:靠近老师,远离干扰
  • 任务修改:将作业分成较小的部分,提供额外时间
  • 视觉辅助:张贴时间表、规则和提醒
  • 积极学习:结合运动和动手活动
  • 组织支持:帮助管理材料和计划

促进成功的教师特质:

  • 了解多动症及其对学习的影响
  • 愿意实施适应和行为策略
  • 对有特殊需要的学生持积极态度
  • 能够与家长和其他专业人士合作

家长应倡导适当的课堂支持,并与教师密切合作,以确保孩子的需求得到满足。

7. 亲子关系应优先于学业压力

父母与孩子的关系是一种神圣的纽带和信任,最终必须被父母和教师都视为比任何学业优先事项更高的优先事项,并作为任何学业优先事项的基本基础。

平衡方法。 虽然学业成功很重要,但不应以牺牲亲子关系为代价:

  • 为学业表现设定现实的期望
  • 将家庭作业时间限制在适合年龄的水平
  • 优先考虑积极的互动和联谊活动
  • 在需要时寻求专业的辅导帮助
  • 与教师沟通,平衡学校需求和家庭生活

记住,强大、支持性的亲子关系为长期成功和幸福提供了基础。过度强调学业可能会破坏这一重要纽带,并可能导致孩子生活其他方面的负面结果。

最后更新日期:

FAQ

What's Taking Charge of ADHD about?

  • Comprehensive Guide: Taking Charge of ADHD by Russell A. Barkley is an authoritative resource for parents, offering insights into ADHD's nature, causes, and management strategies.
  • Focus on Executive Functioning: The book emphasizes ADHD as a disorder of self-control and executive functioning, affecting behavior and attention management.
  • Empowerment Through Knowledge: It aims to empower parents to take charge of their child's care, ensuring the health and well-being of the entire family.

Why should I read Taking Charge of ADHD?

  • Expert Insights: Written by Dr. Russell A. Barkley, a leading ADHD researcher, the book combines scientific research with practical advice for parents.
  • Current Scientific Understanding: It integrates the latest findings on ADHD, including genetic and neurological factors, to help parents understand the disorder beyond common misconceptions.
  • Practical Strategies: Offers actionable strategies for managing ADHD symptoms at home and school, making it a valuable tool for parents seeking effective solutions.

What are the key takeaways of Taking Charge of ADHD?

  • ADHD as a Developmental Disorder: Defines ADHD as a developmental disorder of self-control, impacting attention, impulse control, and activity levels.
  • Role of Executive Functions: Links ADHD to deficits in executive functions, crucial for self-regulation and future planning.
  • Parental Advocacy: Encourages parents to become informed advocates for their children, actively participating in their care and educational planning.

What are the best quotes from Taking Charge of ADHD and what do they mean?

  • Biological Basis: “ADHD is a largely biologically caused disorder that has a substantial genetic/hereditary basis.” This emphasizes ADHD's deep biological roots, not just environmental factors.
  • Parental Role: “You are in charge of your child’s professional and educational care.” This empowers parents to actively participate in their child's treatment and education.
  • Future Planning: “The capacity to shift from focusing on the here and now to focusing on what is likely to come next in life and the future more generally.” Highlights the core challenge of planning and anticipating future consequences for children with ADHD.

What causes ADHD according to Taking Charge of ADHD?

  • Genetic Factors: ADHD has a strong hereditary component, with higher prevalence among relatives of affected individuals.
  • Neurological Abnormalities: Associated with structural and functional brain differences, particularly in areas responsible for executive functioning.
  • Environmental Influences: Factors like maternal smoking, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and exposure to toxins like lead are potential contributors.

How does Taking Charge of ADHD define executive functioning?

  • Self-Regulation Abilities: Executive functioning involves mental processes that enable planning, focusing attention, remembering instructions, and juggling tasks.
  • Core Executive Functions: Identifies six key functions: inhibition, self-awareness, hindsight/foresight, self-directed speech, emotional self-control, and problem-solving.
  • Impact on ADHD: Deficits in these functions are central to challenges faced by children with ADHD, affecting behavior management and goal achievement.

What strategies does Taking Charge of ADHD recommend for parents?

  • Establishing Structure: Advises creating a structured environment with clear rules and routines to help manage behavior.
  • Positive Reinforcement: Emphasizes using rewards and positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors and improve self-esteem.
  • Self-Care for Parents: Encourages parents to care for their emotional and physical well-being, as managing a child with ADHD can be demanding.

How can parents effectively advocate for their child with ADHD according to Taking Charge of ADHD?

  • Be Informed: Educate oneself about ADHD, its symptoms, and treatment options to engage effectively with professionals.
  • Collaborate with Educators: Work closely with teachers and school staff to ensure appropriate accommodations and support in the classroom.
  • Maintain Decision-Making Authority: Assert the role as primary decision-makers in the child's care, ensuring their needs are prioritized.

What are the common misconceptions about ADHD addressed in Taking Charge of ADHD?

  • Not Just Bad Parenting: Dispels the myth that ADHD is caused by poor parenting or lack of discipline, emphasizing its biological and genetic origins.
  • ADHD is Not Outgrown: Clarifies that many children do not simply outgrow ADHD, and symptoms can persist into adolescence and adulthood if not managed.
  • Diet and ADHD: Addresses the misconception that diet, particularly sugar and food additives, causes ADHD, citing a lack of scientific evidence.

How does Taking Charge of ADHD suggest managing ADHD at home and school?

  • Behavioral Interventions: Recommends specific strategies, such as breaking tasks into smaller steps and using visual aids to enhance focus.
  • Collaboration with Professionals: Encourages working with mental health professionals and educators to develop individualized plans for the child's needs.
  • Medication Considerations: Discusses the role of medication in managing symptoms, emphasizing its effectiveness as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

What role does medication play in managing ADHD according to Taking Charge of ADHD?

  • Effective Treatment Option: Medication can significantly improve attention, impulse control, and overall behavior, often a key component of treatment.
  • Monitoring and Adjustment: Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are crucial to monitor response and make necessary adjustments.
  • Combination with Behavioral Strategies: Medication works best when combined with behavioral interventions and support systems for a holistic approach.

How does Taking Charge of ADHD address the emotional aspects of ADHD?

  • Understanding Emotional Regulation: Discusses challenges in regulating emotions, leading to frustration and conflict, and the need for coping strategies.
  • Building Self-Esteem: Emphasizes fostering a positive self-image by encouraging strengths and celebrating achievements.
  • Support Systems: Highlights the need for strong support systems, including family, friends, and professionals, to help navigate emotional challenges.

评论

3.86 满分 5
平均评分来自 3k+ 来自Goodreads和亚马逊的评分.

《掌控多动症》被广泛认为是针对多动症儿童家长的全面且权威的指南。读者们赞赏巴克利的科学方法和所提供的信息深度。许多人认为这本书具有验证性和洞察力,提供了管理多动症的实用策略。然而,有些人觉得它过于临床化且语调悲观。这本书的优势在于其对多动症作为执行功能障碍的详细解释以及基于证据的治疗和支持建议。

Your rating:

关于作者

拉塞尔·A·巴克利是一位著名的临床心理学家,也是注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)领域的顶尖专家。自1973年以来,他一直处于ADHD研究的前沿,职业生涯跨越了四十多年。巴克利是南卡罗来纳医科大学的精神病学临床教授,并撰写了多本关于ADHD的书籍。他的工作重点在于理解ADHD的本质、其对儿童和家庭的影响,以及开发有效的治疗策略。巴克利的贡献极大地塑造了该领域对ADHD作为执行功能障碍的理解。

0:00
-0:00
1x
Dan
Andrew
Michelle
Lauren
Select Speed
1.0×
+
200 words per minute
Create a free account to unlock:
Requests: Request new book summaries
Bookmarks: Save your favorite books
History: Revisit books later
Recommendations: Get personalized suggestions
Ratings: Rate books & see your ratings
Try Full Access for 7 Days
Listen, bookmark, and more
Compare Features Free Pro
📖 Read Summaries
All summaries are free to read in 40 languages
🎧 Listen to Summaries
Listen to unlimited summaries in 40 languages
❤️ Unlimited Bookmarks
Free users are limited to 10
📜 Unlimited History
Free users are limited to 10
Risk-Free Timeline
Today: Get Instant Access
Listen to full summaries of 73,530 books. That's 12,000+ hours of audio!
Day 4: Trial Reminder
We'll send you a notification that your trial is ending soon.
Day 7: Your subscription begins
You'll be charged on Mar 21,
cancel anytime before.
Consume 2.8x More Books
2.8x more books Listening Reading
Our users love us
100,000+ readers
"...I can 10x the number of books I can read..."
"...exceptionally accurate, engaging, and beautifully presented..."
"...better than any amazon review when I'm making a book-buying decision..."
Save 62%
Yearly
$119.88 $44.99/year
$3.75/mo
Monthly
$9.99/mo
Try Free & Unlock
7 days free, then $44.99/year. Cancel anytime.
Settings
Appearance
Black Friday Sale 🎉
$20 off Lifetime Access
$79.99 $59.99
Upgrade Now →