重点摘要
1. 耶稣的生平和教义挑战了我们对上帝和自我的理解
耶稣追求的是追随者。他不仅仅是为了拯救我们的灵魂，满足我们的需求，治愈我们的伤痛。他希望我们在余生和永恒中都在他的权威下行事。
耶稣重新定义了上帝。 他展示了一个与当时流行的宗教和哲学观念截然不同的上帝形象。耶稣揭示的上帝不是一个遥远、冷漠的神，也不是一个严厉、审判的形象，而是一个寻求与人类建立关系的慈爱父亲。
耶稣挑战了人性。 他教导我们，真正的满足感不是来自自我实现或遵守宗教规则，而是来自自我否定和追随他。这种矛盾的教义颠覆了我们的自然倾向和文化规范。
耶稣对抗社会规范。 他与被排斥者交往，挑战宗教权威，重新定义了权力和成功的概念。他的生平和教义继续激发和启发我们，迫使我们重新思考对上帝、自我和世界的假设。
2. 耶稣存在的历史证据令人信服
仅仅是为了“给世界一些精明的道德教导？……我们可能会原谅这种想法有点牵强。这也似乎完全不符合耶稣对自己使命和工作的理解。
多种来源证实了耶稣的存在。 非基督教的历史来源，包括罗马和犹太作家，都提到了耶稣，并为他生平中的关键事件提供了佐证。
考古发现支持福音书的记载。 许多考古发现证实了福音书中提到的地点、人物和习俗，增强了其历史准确性。
早期基督教著作一致。 最早的基督教著作，包括保罗的书信和福音书，尽管由不同作者为不同受众写成，但都呈现了耶稣生平、死亡和复活的一致图景。
3. 耶稣通过言行宣称自己是上帝
耶稣以自己的权威和方式提供了加入上帝新约子民的机会。
神圣的称号和属性。 耶稣为自己使用了神圣的称号，如“我是”（呼应出埃及记中的上帝之名），并声称拥有只有上帝才具备的属性，如赦免罪过和审判世界的能力。
奇迹行为。 耶稣行使了展示神圣力量的奇迹，控制自然、治愈疾病和战胜死亡，这些行为常常呼应旧约中对上帝行为的描述。
隐含的宣称。 耶稣的许多教导和行为隐含了神圣权威的宣称，如重新解释摩西律法和接受追随者的崇拜。
4. 耶稣的比喻揭示了关于上帝国度的深刻真理
耶稣讲故事是因为，如果他的听众有耳朵听，他们的“旧灵魂”会听到一个他们未曾访问过但却熟悉的地方的呼唤。
颠覆性的讲故事。 耶稣用比喻来挑战关于上帝、道德和人性的流行假设。这些故事常常有出人意料的转折，迫使听众重新思考他们的信仰。
易懂却深刻。 比喻使用日常场景和物品来传达深刻的精神真理，使复杂的思想对广泛的受众易于理解，同时也挑战深思者。
多层次的意义。 耶稣的许多比喻在多个层面上运作，提供即时的教训，同时也指向上帝国度、人性和精神现实的更大主题。
5. 耶稣的奇迹指向更深的精神现实
每一次身体的治愈都指向伊甸园时期，当时身体不会失明、瘫痪或连续出血十二年——也指向未来的重创时期。
上帝国度的标志。 耶稣的奇迹不仅仅是力量的展示，而是上帝国度正在进入世界、逆转罪恶和破碎影响的标志。
恢复完整。 耶稣的许多治愈不仅在身体上恢复了人们，还在社会和精神上恢复了他们，使他们重新融入社区和与上帝的关系。
预言性的行为。 像喂饱众人和平息风暴这样的奇迹呼应了旧约中的预言性行为，展示了耶稣的神圣权威和弥赛亚预言的实现。
6. 耶稣在十字架上的死亡是*高的爱与牺牲行为
耶稣拯救我们脱离“异教世俗主义”，以及我们保守的、以家庭为基础的宗教生活方式。两者都以不同的理由表现为对自私欲望的奴役。
代替性赎罪。 耶稣的死亡不仅仅是悲剧性的殉难，而是为了承担人类罪恶的惩罚并使人类与上帝和解的有目的的牺牲。
上帝之爱的展示。 十字架揭示了上帝对人类的深深爱意，愿意受苦和死亡以恢复与他创造物的关系。
战胜邪恶。 通过他的死亡，耶稣战胜了罪恶、死亡和邪恶的力量，启动了整个创造的救赎。
7. 耶稣的复活是基督教信仰的基础
基督教诞生在一个其核心主张被认为是虚假的世界中。
历史证据。 空墓、复活后的显现以及门徒的转变提供了复活作为历史事件的有力证据。
独特的主张。 耶稣的复活在古代思想中是前所未有的，挑战了犹太和希腊罗马的世界观，需要解释。
信仰的基石。 复活验证了耶稣对自己和他使命的主张，成为基督教神学和希望的基础。
8. 追随耶稣需要对生活进行彻底的重新定位
使心灵脱离对一个伟大对象的爱的方式是将其固定在另一个对象上。这不是揭露旧情感的无价值，而是揭露新情感的价值和卓越。
自我否定。 耶稣呼召他的追随者否定自己的欲望和野心，将他的意志和国度放在生活的首位。
新的身份。 追随耶稣意味着接受作为上帝子女和他国度成员的新身份，超越文化、种族和社会界限。
终身过程。 门徒训练不是一次性的决定，而是一个持续的转变旅程，需要不断的放弃和成长。
9. 基督教对苦难和希望提供了独特的视角
有很多原因，但归根结底只有一个：我们不真正相信*好的还在后头。我们缺乏对耶稣所承诺的未来的信心……
救赎性的苦难。 基督教认为苦难不是毫无意义的，而是可能具有救赎性的，基督自己的苦难提供了*终的例子。
现在和未来的希望。 基督教信息提供了对现世生活（通过上帝的存在和力量）和永恒（通过复活和新创造）的希望。
转变的视角。 福音重塑了我们对成功、失败和目的的理解，使信徒即使在困难的情况下也能找到意义和喜悦。
10. 耶稣作为通向上帝的唯一途径的排他性既令人震惊又合乎逻辑
耶稣以自己的权威和方式提供了加入上帝新约子民的机会。
独特的主张。 耶稣声称自己是通向上帝的唯一途径，这与他对自己身份和使命的其他主张一致，使其在基督教神学中具有逻辑一致性。
普遍的邀请。 虽然在主张上是排他的，但基督教在邀请上是包容的，向所有背景和文化的人提供救赎。
对其他世界观的影响。 耶稣的排他性挑战了其他宗教和哲学体系，需要深思熟虑的参与和回应。
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FAQ
What's The Problem of Jesus about?
- Exploration of Jesus' Identity: The book examines the historical and theological significance of Jesus, addressing common misconceptions and challenges to his identity.
- Engagement with Skepticism: Mark Clark engages with skeptics' questions about Jesus, the Gospels, and the nature of faith, aiming to provide clarity and understanding.
- Invitation to Discipleship: It invites readers to consider the implications of following Jesus and what it means to live a life centered on him.
Why should I read The Problem of Jesus?
- Addressing Modern Doubts: The book is relevant for those grappling with doubts about faith, tackling contemporary challenges to belief in Jesus.
- Insightful Perspectives: Mark Clark offers fresh insights into the life of Jesus, making it accessible for both skeptics and believers alike.
- Personal Transformation: Understanding Jesus can lead to personal transformation and a deeper relationship with God.
What are the key takeaways of The Problem of Jesus?
- Historical Evidence for Jesus: The book presents compelling evidence for Jesus' existence, arguing that his existence is widely accepted among historians.
- Importance of the Gospels: Clark emphasizes the Gospels as credible accounts of Jesus' life, highlighting their role as primary sources.
- Call to Discipleship: It culminates in a call to discipleship, urging readers to follow Jesus' teachings and example.
What are the best quotes from The Problem of Jesus and what do they mean?
- "The only way to keep the love of the world out of the heart is to keep in our hearts the love of God.": Emphasizes prioritizing love for God to combat idolatry.
- "Whoever wants to save their life will lose it, but whoever loses their life for me and for the gospel will save it.": Reflects the paradox of discipleship, where true fulfillment comes from self-denial.
- "The only thing it cannot be is moderately important.": Highlights the necessity for a decisive response to Jesus' radical claims.
Did Jesus really exist according to The Problem of Jesus?
- Historical Consensus: The book asserts that Jesus' existence is widely accepted, with most historians not questioning it.
- Extrabiblical Evidence: Clark cites writers outside the Bible, like Tacitus and Josephus, who mention Jesus, providing historical corroboration.
- Early Church Testimony: The experiences and sacrifices of the early church further support the historical reality of Jesus.
Can we trust the Gospels according to The Problem of Jesus?
- Theological History: The Gospels are described as blending fact-based storytelling with theological insights about Jesus.
- Eyewitness Accounts: They were written by those close to the events, ensuring authenticity and reliability.
- Criteria for Authenticity: Clark discusses criteria like apostolicity and multiple attestations to argue for their trustworthiness.
How does The Problem of Jesus address the miracles of Jesus?
- Miracles as Signs: They are presented as signs pointing to the arrival of the Kingdom of God, demonstrating Jesus' authority.
- Historical Validity: Even skeptical scholars acknowledge the likelihood of Jesus performing miracles.
- Cultural Context: The miracles were understood within the first-century Jewish context, challenging the notion of them being mythological.
What does The Problem of Jesus say about the significance of the cross?
- Atonement for Sin: The cross is portrayed as the ultimate sacrifice for humanity's sins, fulfilling the Old Testament sacrificial system.
- God's Love Manifested: It reveals God's love, showing that God laid aside his wrath and forgives transgressions.
- Victory Over Evil: The cross is seen as a victory over sin and death, with Jesus taking on humanity's rebellion.
How does The Problem of Jesus explain the resurrection?
- Historical Evidence: The book presents evidence like the empty tomb and eyewitness accounts supporting the resurrection.
- Transformative Power: The resurrection validates Jesus' claims and offers hope for eternal life.
- Universal Implications: It is not just a past event but a promise of future resurrection for all believers.
How does The Problem of Jesus address the issue of discipleship?
- Threefold Invitation: Jesus' call to discipleship involves denying oneself, taking up one's cross, and following him.
- Cost of Discipleship: True discipleship requires sacrifice and prioritizing Jesus above all else.
- Transformative Journey: It leads to a deeper relationship with God and a more meaningful life.
How does The Problem of Jesus redefine our understanding of God?
- God as Relational: Presents God as a loving Father who desires a relationship with humanity.
- Suffering and Compassion: Highlights Jesus' suffering as a demonstration of God's compassion.
- Hope and Redemption: Understanding God through Jesus leads to hope and reshapes views of divine justice and mercy.
What is the overall message of The Problem of Jesus?
- Invitation to Explore: Encourages readers to explore Jesus' claims and consider their implications for their lives.
- Call to Action: Challenges readers to respond to Jesus' claims, emphasizing their importance.
- Hope for Humanity: Presents Jesus as the answer to humanity's deepest longings and the key to a restored relationship with God.
评论
《耶稣的问题》获得了大多数正面评价，读者称赞其历史证据、护教学和对耶稣性格的见解。许多人认为这本书内容丰富，令人耳目一新，并将作者与著名的基督教作家相提并论。一些人批评其内容复杂、篇幅过长以及对其他资料的依赖。正面评价的读者欣赏克拉克处理怀疑论和鼓励信仰探索的方法。批评者认为这本书过于简化复杂话题，未能充分回应怀疑论的论点。总体而言，读者认为这本书发人深省，但对其效果的看法不一。
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