Fast Carbs, Slow Carbs

1. Fast carbs are the primary culprit behind obesity and metabolic diseases

Fast carbs hijack appetite, interfere with feelings of fullness, make it hard to control weight, and have a toxic effect on metabolic pathways, which results in a vicious cycle of insulin resistance, obesity, and chronic disease.

The fast carb problem. Fast carbs, which include processed starches and sugars, are rapidly absorbed by our bodies, leading to spikes in blood glucose and insulin levels. This triggers a cascade of metabolic disruptions that can result in weight gain, insulin resistance, and chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Historical context. The prevalence of fast carbs in our diet has increased dramatically over the past 50 years, coinciding with rising rates of obesity and metabolic disorders. This shift can be traced back to changes in agricultural policies, food processing techniques, and dietary guidelines that inadvertently promoted the consumption of processed carbohydrates.

Impact on health. Fast carbs not only contribute to weight gain but also disrupt our body's natural appetite regulation systems. They fail to trigger feelings of fullness, leading to overconsumption and a cycle of cravings and overeating. This perpetual cycle makes it difficult for individuals to maintain a healthy weight and puts them at risk for various metabolic diseases.

2. Processed foods have transformed our diet and health for the worse

Today, approximately 60 to 70 percent of processed food contains starch as its main ingredient.

The processed food takeover. The food industry has dramatically altered the landscape of our diet by introducing highly processed foods that are designed to be irresistible and easy to overconsume. These foods often combine fast carbs with fats, sugars, and salt to create a hyper-palatable product that triggers our brain's reward centers.

Impact on nutrition. Processed foods often lack the nutritional value of whole foods and can lead to overconsumption of calories without providing adequate nutrition. This can result in a paradoxical situation where individuals are overfed yet undernourished.

Hidden dangers. Many processed foods marketed as "healthy" or "natural" still contain fast carbs that can negatively impact our health. Even products labeled as "whole grain" may have undergone processing that alters their nutritional profile and how our bodies digest them.

3. Where and how quickly we digest carbs impacts hunger and metabolism

Where we digest carbs determines how our hunger is satisfied.

Digestive process matters. The location in our digestive tract where carbohydrates are broken down and absorbed plays a crucial role in how our bodies respond to food. Fast carbs are often digested early in the digestive process, bypassing important hormonal signals that regulate hunger and fullness.

Hormonal signals. Slow carbs, which are digested further along the digestive tract, trigger the release of hormones like GLP-1 that promote feelings of satiety and help regulate blood sugar levels. Fast carbs, on the other hand, fail to stimulate these important hormonal responses.

Metabolic impact. The rapid absorption of fast carbs can lead to:

• Spikes in blood sugar and insulin levels
• Increased fat storage
• Disruption of normal metabolic processes
• Interference with the body's ability to burn fat for energy

4. Eliminating fast carbs is key to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight

Reducing or eliminating fast carbs for good to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.

Weight loss strategy. Eliminating or significantly reducing fast carbs from your diet is a powerful approach to weight loss and maintenance. This strategy helps stabilize blood sugar levels, reduce insulin spikes, and promote fat burning.

Sustainable approach. Unlike restrictive diets that are difficult to maintain long-term, focusing on eliminating fast carbs allows for a more flexible and sustainable eating pattern. This approach can include a variety of whole foods, making it easier to adhere to over time.

Retraining appetite. By eliminating fast carbs, you can:

• Reduce cravings for sugary and starchy foods
• Improve appetite regulation
• Increase sensitivity to natural hunger and fullness cues
• Break the cycle of overeating and weight gain

5. A diet low in fast carbs can reverse metabolic diseases and improve overall health

We have the ability to reverse metabolic disease.

Metabolic health improvement. Reducing fast carbs in the diet can lead to significant improvements in metabolic health, including:

• Enhanced insulin sensitivity
• Lower blood sugar levels
• Reduced inflammation
• Improved lipid profiles

Reversing chronic conditions. Many individuals with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, or metabolic syndrome have seen dramatic improvements or even reversal of their conditions by adopting a low-fast-carb diet. This approach can often reduce or eliminate the need for medication.

Long-term benefits. Improving metabolic health through diet can have far-reaching effects on overall health, potentially reducing the risk of:

• Cardiovascular disease
• Certain cancers
• Cognitive decline
• Hormonal imbalances

6. Lowering LDL cholesterol is crucial for preventing cardiovascular disease

LDL causes heart disease.

LDL as a causal factor. Recent research has definitively established that LDL cholesterol is not just associated with heart disease, but is a direct cause. Lowering LDL levels can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.

Targets for LDL reduction. Current guidelines recommend aiming for LDL levels below 100 mg/dL for most adults, with even lower targets (below 70 mg/dL) for those at higher risk. Some experts argue that even lower levels may provide additional benefits.

Strategies for lowering LDL:

• Reducing saturated fat intake
• Increasing consumption of plant-based foods
• Regular exercise
• Medication (statins or other lipid-lowering drugs) when necessary
• Limiting fast carbs, which can contribute to elevated triglycerides and LDL

7. Regular exercise is essential for metabolic health and weight maintenance

Engage in daily moderate-intensity exercise to stay healthy.

Exercise benefits. Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining metabolic health and a healthy weight. It improves insulin sensitivity, helps regulate blood sugar levels, and enhances the body's ability to burn fat for energy.

Recommended activity levels. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity per week, along with muscle-strengthening activities at least twice a week.

Metabolic flexibility. Exercise helps improve metabolic flexibility, which is the body's ability to switch between using carbohydrates and fats for fuel. This flexibility is key to maintaining a healthy weight and preventing metabolic diseases.

8. A plant-based diet rich in slow carbs offers numerous health benefits

The more servings of whole, plant-based foods participants ate, the lower their risk of coronary heart disease.

Plant-based advantages. A diet centered around whole plant foods, including vegetables, fruits, legumes, and intact grains, provides numerous health benefits:

• Lower risk of heart disease
• Reduced inflammation
• Improved blood sugar control
• Better weight management
• Decreased risk of certain cancers

Slow carbs. Plant-based diets are naturally rich in slow carbs, which are digested and absorbed more gradually, leading to more stable blood sugar levels and improved satiety.

Nutrient density. Plant-based diets tend to be high in:

• Fiber
• Antioxidants
• Phytochemicals
• Essential vitamins and minerals
  These nutrients contribute to overall health and disease prevention.

9. Balancing diet and medication is optimal for reducing cardiovascular risk

We may be able to eradicate much of heart disease in this generation, but it will likely take a combination of drugs that lower lipid levels and blood pressure and diet to accomplish that.

Comprehensive approach. While dietary changes are powerful tools for improving cardiovascular health, combining these efforts with appropriate medication can provide optimal results for many individuals, especially those at high risk.

Personalized strategies. The balance between dietary interventions and medication should be tailored to each individual's risk factors, health status, and personal preferences. This may involve:

• Lifestyle modifications (diet and exercise)
• Lipid-lowering medications (e.g., statins)
• Blood pressure medications
• Regular monitoring and adjustment of treatment plans

Long-term perspective. Addressing cardiovascular risk factors early and consistently throughout life can have a significant impact on long-term health outcomes. This approach requires a commitment to both healthy lifestyle choices and adherence to prescribed medications when necessary.

Last updated: April 2, 2025