Themes Lists Trending New
Start free trial
EnglishEnglish
EspañolSpanish
简体中文Chinese
繁體中文Chinese (Traditional)
FrançaisFrench
DeutschGerman
日本語Japanese
PortuguêsPortuguese
ItalianoItalian
한국어Korean
РусскийRussian
NederlandsDutch
العربيةArabic
PolskiPolish
हिन्दीHindi
Tiếng ViệtVietnamese
SvenskaSwedish
ΕλληνικάGreek
TürkçeTurkish
ไทยThai
ČeštinaCzech
RomânăRomanian
MagyarHungarian
УкраїнськаUkrainian
IndonesiaIndonesian
DanskDanish
SuomiFinnish
БългарскиBulgarian
עבריתHebrew
NorskNorwegian
HrvatskiCroatian
CatalàCatalan
SlovenčinaSlovak
LietuviųLithuanian
SlovenščinaSlovenian
СрпскиSerbian
EestiEstonian
LatviešuLatvian
فارسیPersian
മലയാളംMalayalam
தமிழ்Tamil
اردوUrdu
SoBrief
Searching...

📜 Welfare History

A look back at the origins and evolution of social provision, tracing how societies have defined their obligations to the poor, the sick, and the displaced.
From Poor Law to Welfare State
by Walter I. Trattner • 1974
How America turned helping the poor from an act of justice into a judgment on character.
3.69
318
🏛️ Social Welfare History🇺🇸 American Social Policy⚖️ Poverty And Morality
From Poor Law to Welfare State Summary
From Poor Law to Welfare State 94%
How America turned helping the poor from an act of justice into a judgment on character.
by Walter I. Trattner 1974
3.69
318 ratings
🏛️ Social Welfare History🇺🇸 American Social Policy⚖️ Poverty And Morality
From Welfare to Workfare
by Jennifer Mittelstadt • 2005
Reformers taught poor mothers to work to save welfare; they built the case for workfare instead.
3.91
11
📋 Welfare Policy🏛️ Postwar America🔄 Unintended Consequences
From Welfare to Workfare Summary
From Welfare to Workfare 93%
Reformers taught poor mothers to work to save welfare; they built the case for workfare instead.
by Jennifer Mittelstadt 2005
3.91
11 ratings
📋 Welfare Policy🏛️ Postwar America🔄 Unintended Consequences
In the Shadow of the Poorhouse
by Michael B. Katz • 1986
American welfare was designed to deter, not to help. The poorhouse closed; the logic stayed.
3.74
138
🏚️ Poverty Studies🔗 Structural Inequality🏭 Racial Capitalism
In the Shadow of the Poorhouse Summary
In the Shadow of the Poorhouse 92%
American welfare was designed to deter, not to help. The poorhouse closed; the logic stayed.
by Michael B. Katz 1986
3.74
138 ratings
🏚️ Poverty Studies🔗 Structural Inequality🏭 Racial Capitalism
Protecting Soldiers and Mothers
by Skocpol • 1992
Why America built a welfare state for soldiers and mothers, not workers, and never recovered.
3.79
107
🏛️ Welfare State Origins📜 Historical Institutionalism🗽 American Political Development
Protecting Soldiers and Mothers Summary
Protecting Soldiers and Mothers 92%
Why America built a welfare state for soldiers and mothers, not workers, and never recovered.
by Skocpol 1992
3.79
107 ratings
🏛️ Welfare State Origins📜 Historical Institutionalism🗽 American Political Development
The Divided Welfare State
by Jacob S. Hacker • 2002
America didn't skip the welfare state. It hid it in tax breaks and employer benefits.
3.70
60
🏛️ Welfare State🔄 Path Dependence🏢 Private Welfare
The Divided Welfare State Summary
The Divided Welfare State 92%
America didn't skip the welfare state. It hid it in tax breaks and employer benefits.
by Jacob S. Hacker 2002
3.70
60 ratings
🏛️ Welfare State🔄 Path Dependence🏢 Private Welfare
Shifting the Color Line
by Robert C. Lieberman • 1998
New Deal welfare was a racial sorting machine, not by intent but by institutional design.
3.69
16
🏛️ American Welfare State🕰️ New Deal Era⚖️ Institutional Racism
Shifting the Color Line Summary
Shifting the Color Line 91%
New Deal welfare was a racial sorting machine, not by intent but by institutional design.
by Robert C. Lieberman 1998
3.69
16 ratings
🏛️ American Welfare State🕰️ New Deal Era⚖️ Institutional Racism
The Human Cost of Welfare
by Phil Harvey • 2016
Welfare was built to end poverty. Its rules punish work, marriage, and saving instead.
4.45
20
🏛️ Welfare Reform📉 Anti-Poverty Policy💼 Work Incentives
The Human Cost of Welfare Summary
The Human Cost of Welfare 91%
Welfare was built to end poverty. Its rules punish work, marriage, and saving instead.
by Phil Harvey 2016
4.45
20 ratings
🏛️ Welfare Reform📉 Anti-Poverty Policy💼 Work Incentives
The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism
by Gøsta Esping-Andersen • 1989
Three welfare-state logics, not one spectrum; three distinct futures for work, class, and conflict.
3.93
352
🏛️ Welfare States📋 Social Policy🏭 Post-Industrial Work
The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism Summary
The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism 91%
Three welfare-state logics, not one spectrum; three distinct futures for work, class, and conflict.
by Gøsta Esping-Andersen 1989
3.93
352 ratings
🏛️ Welfare States📋 Social Policy🏭 Post-Industrial Work
Dividing Citizens
by Suzanne Mettler • 1998
Why Social Security turned men into rights-bearing citizens and women into dependents.
4.18
17
📜 New Deal Policies🏛️ American Welfare State⚖️ Federalism And Gender
Dividing Citizens Summary
Dividing Citizens 91%
Why Social Security turned men into rights-bearing citizens and women into dependents.
by Suzanne Mettler 1998
4.18
17 ratings
📜 New Deal Policies🏛️ American Welfare State⚖️ Federalism And Gender
The Color of Welfare
by Jill Quadagno • 1994
Racial backlash, not liberal ideals, unraveled the American welfare state, program by program.
4.16
90
🏛️ American Welfare State⚖️ Racial Inequality🌪️ White Backlash
The Color of Welfare Summary
The Color of Welfare 91%
Racial backlash, not liberal ideals, unraveled the American welfare state, program by program.
by Jill Quadagno 1994
4.16
90 ratings
🏛️ American Welfare State⚖️ Racial Inequality🌪️ White Backlash
Fragmented Democracy
by Jamila Michener • 2018
Your zip code decides your Medicaid benefits. It also decides whether you bother with politics.
4.23
120
🏛️ American Federalism🏥 Health Policy⚖️ Political Inequality
Fragmented Democracy Summary
Fragmented Democracy 91%
Your zip code decides your Medicaid benefits. It also decides whether you bother with politics.
by Jamila Michener 2018
4.23
120 ratings
🏛️ American Federalism🏥 Health Policy⚖️ Political Inequality
Improving Poor People
by Michael B. Katz • 1995
Why America keeps trying to fix the poor instead of poverty, and what history reveals.
3.83
12
📉 Poverty Policy🏛️ Welfare State🎯 Blaming The Victim
Improving Poor People Summary
Improving Poor People 90%
Why America keeps trying to fix the poor instead of poverty, and what history reveals.
by Michael B. Katz 1995
3.83
12 ratings
📉 Poverty Policy🏛️ Welfare State🎯 Blaming The Victim
Regulating the Poor
by Frances Fox Piven • 1971
Welfare has one rhythm: expand during riots, contract during calm, always to enforce cheap labor.
4.24
321
🏛️ Welfare State🔧 Work And Welfare🎛️ Social Control
Regulating the Poor Summary
Regulating the Poor 90%
Welfare has one rhythm: expand during riots, contract during calm, always to enforce cheap labor.
by Frances Fox Piven 1971
4.24
321 ratings
🏛️ Welfare State🔧 Work And Welfare🎛️ Social Control
The Submerged State
by Suzanne Mettler • 2011
Half of Americans who use government programs say they never have. That gap is no accident.
3.88
267
🕶️ Hidden Welfare State💸 Tax Expenditures⬆️💰 Upward Redistribution
The Submerged State Summary
The Submerged State 90%
Half of Americans who use government programs say they never have. That gap is no accident.
by Suzanne Mettler 2011
3.88
267 ratings
🕶️ Hidden Welfare State💸 Tax Expenditures⬆️💰 Upward Redistribution
All You Can Eat
by Joel Berg • 2008
America has the food to feed everyone. Why 35 million still go hungry.
3.88
137
🍽️ Food Insecurity📋 Welfare Policy🔗 Systemic Poverty
All You Can Eat Summary
All You Can Eat 89%
America has the food to feed everyone. Why 35 million still go hungry.
by Joel Berg 2008
3.88
137 ratings
🍽️ Food Insecurity📋 Welfare Policy🔗 Systemic Poverty
In Our Hands
by Charles Murray • 2006
Eliminate every welfare program. Send every adult one check. It costs less and ends poverty.
3.74
290
🏦 Universal Basic Income📋 Welfare Reform🏘️ Civil Society
In Our Hands Summary
In Our Hands 89%
Eliminate every welfare program. Send every adult one check. It costs less and ends poverty.
by Charles Murray 2006
3.74
290 ratings
🏦 Universal Basic Income📋 Welfare Reform🏘️ Civil Society
One Nation, Uninsured
by Jill Quadagno • 2005
Organized interests, not national values, killed universal health care in the United States.
3.61
123
🏥 Health Care Policy📜 Public Health History🏛️ Interest-Group Politics
One Nation, Uninsured Summary
One Nation, Uninsured 89%
Organized interests, not national values, killed universal health care in the United States.
by Jill Quadagno 2005
3.61
123 ratings
🏥 Health Care Policy📜 Public Health History🏛️ Interest-Group Politics
Respect in a World of Inequality
by Richard Sennett • 2003
Invisibility is inequality's deepest cut; the systems meant to heal it often cut deeper.
3.69
244
🗽 Social Inequality🏆 Meritocracy Critique🏛️ Welfare State
Respect in a World of Inequality Summary
Respect in a World of Inequality 89%
Invisibility is inequality's deepest cut; the systems meant to heal it often cut deeper.
by Richard Sennett 2003
3.69
244 ratings
🗽 Social Inequality🏆 Meritocracy Critique🏛️ Welfare State
It Didn't Happen Here
by Seymour Martin Lipset • 2000
Marx bet on America going socialist. Its political system, unions, and immigrants had other plans.
3.60
105
🇺🇸 American Exceptionalism🌍 Comparative Politics🏭 Labor Movement History
It Didn't Happen Here Summary
It Didn't Happen Here 89%
Marx bet on America going socialist. Its political system, unions, and immigrants had other plans.
by Seymour Martin Lipset 2000
3.60
105 ratings
🇺🇸 American Exceptionalism🌍 Comparative Politics🏭 Labor Movement History
Municipal Dreams
by John Boughton • 2018
Britain built some of the world's best public housing, then spent 40 years dismantling it.
3.92
769
🏠 Social Housing🏙️ Urban History📋 Housing Policy
Municipal Dreams Summary
Municipal Dreams 89%
Britain built some of the world's best public housing, then spent 40 years dismantling it.
by John Boughton 2018
3.92
769 ratings
🏠 Social Housing🏙️ Urban History📋 Housing Policy
The Conscience of a Liberal
by Paul Krugman • 2007
Extreme inequality didn't just happen: a political movement used race to dismantle the middle class.
3.97
6k+
📊 Income Inequality🏛️ Political Economy🗳️ Racial Politics
The Conscience of a Liberal Summary
The Conscience of a Liberal 89%
Extreme inequality didn't just happen: a political movement used race to dismantle the middle class.
by Paul Krugman 2007
3.97
6k+ ratings
📊 Income Inequality🏛️ Political Economy🗳️ Racial Politics
Year Zero
by Ian Buruma • 2013
1945 meant liberation, hunger, and vengeance: a new world rose from ruins, already split.
3.92
2k+
🏗️ Postwar Reconstruction⚖️ Postwar Justice🧳 Displaced Persons
Year Zero Summary
Year Zero 89%
1945 meant liberation, hunger, and vengeance: a new world rose from ruins, already split.
by Ian Buruma 2013
3.92
2k+ ratings
🏗️ Postwar Reconstruction⚖️ Postwar Justice🧳 Displaced Persons
The Fierce Urgency of Now
by Julian E. Zelizer • 2015
Ruthless legislator, landslide, movement: how the Great Society passed, and the war that killed it.
4.00
292
🏛️ Legislative History🇺🇸 1960s America✊🏿 Civil Rights Movement
The Fierce Urgency of Now Summary
The Fierce Urgency of Now 89%
Ruthless legislator, landslide, movement: how the Great Society passed, and the war that killed it.
by Julian E. Zelizer 2015
4.00
292 ratings
🏛️ Legislative History🇺🇸 1960s America✊🏿 Civil Rights Movement
The Servile State
by Hilaire Belloc • 1912
Capitalism's true successor is not a worker's state but a legally enforced servitude already here.
3.96
659
🏛️ Political Economy📜 Economic History💰 Capitalism Critique
The Servile State Summary
The Servile State 89%
Capitalism's true successor is not a worker's state but a legally enforced servitude already here.
by Hilaire Belloc 1912
3.96
659 ratings
🏛️ Political Economy📜 Economic History💰 Capitalism Critique
Great Escape
by Angus Deaton • 2013
Life expectancy doubled, incomes soared, and inequality became the price of progress.
3.81
2k+
🏛️ Economic History⚖️ Income Inequality🌍 Global Health
Great Escape Summary
Great Escape 89%
Life expectancy doubled, incomes soared, and inequality became the price of progress.
by Angus Deaton 2013
3.81
2k+ ratings
🏛️ Economic History⚖️ Income Inequality🌍 Global Health
The President and the Parties
by Sidney M. Milkis • 1993
The presidency became an administrative fortress under FDR, and parties have never recovered.
3.69
13
🏛️ American Political Development🏢 Administrative State🦅 Presidential Power
The President and the Parties Summary
The President and the Parties 89%
The presidency became an administrative fortress under FDR, and parties have never recovered.
by Sidney M. Milkis 1993
3.69
13 ratings
🏛️ American Political Development🏢 Administrative State🦅 Presidential Power
Why the New Deal Matters
by Eric Rauchway • 2021
Democracies fell to fascism. America tried something different: paychecks and public works.
3.98
235
🏛️ New Deal📜 Progressive Reform🗳️ Democratic Resilience
Why the New Deal Matters Summary
Why the New Deal Matters 89%
Democracies fell to fascism. America tried something different: paychecks and public works.
by Eric Rauchway 2021
3.98
235 ratings
🏛️ New Deal📜 Progressive Reform🗳️ Democratic Resilience
The Making of the English Working Class
by E.P. Thompson • 1963
Not steam but struggle: how riots, chapels, and radical printers built the English working class.
4.21
4k+
📜 Social History🛠️ Labor History⚔️ Class Struggle
The Making of the English Working Class Summary
The Making of the English Working Class 89%
Not steam but struggle: how riots, chapels, and radical printers built the English working class.
by E.P. Thompson 1963
4.21
4k+ ratings
📜 Social History🛠️ Labor History⚔️ Class Struggle
The Skilled Communicator in Social Work
by Karen Healy • 2017
Poststructuralism doesn't end critical social work; it saves it from its own certainties.
4.00
4
📚 Social Work Theory🏛 Critical Social Work🧩 Poststructural Theory
The Skilled Communicator in Social Work Summary
The Skilled Communicator in Social Work 89%
Poststructuralism doesn't end critical social work; it saves it from its own certainties.
by Karen Healy 2017
4.00
4 ratings
📚 Social Work Theory🏛 Critical Social Work🧩 Poststructural Theory
Below Stairs
by Margaret Powell • 1968
She cooked their banquets in early 1900s England, and they forgot she existed.
3.58
15k+
🧹 Domestic Service👷 Working Class Memoir🇬🇧 British Social History
Below Stairs Summary
Below Stairs 88%
She cooked their banquets in early 1900s England, and they forgot she existed.
by Margaret Powell 1968
3.58
15k+ ratings
🧹 Domestic Service👷 Working Class Memoir🇬🇧 British Social History
The Almost Nearly Perfect People
by Michael Booth • 2014
The Nordic countries top happiness rankings. Here's what the rankings don't tell you.
3.86
12k+
🌍 Nordic Countries🏛️ Welfare State🤝 Immigration Integration
The Almost Nearly Perfect People Summary
The Almost Nearly Perfect People 88%
The Nordic countries top happiness rankings. Here's what the rankings don't tell you.
by Michael Booth 2014
3.86
12k+ ratings
🌍 Nordic Countries🏛️ Welfare State🤝 Immigration Integration
English Journey
by J.B. Priestley • 1934
Factories silent, towns hollow, but the people Priestley met in 1933 refused to vanish.
4.09
483
🏭 Industrial Decline📉 Depression Era👷 Working Class Life
English Journey Summary
English Journey 88%
Factories silent, towns hollow, but the people Priestley met in 1933 refused to vanish.
by J.B. Priestley 1934
4.09
483 ratings
🏭 Industrial Decline📉 Depression Era👷 Working Class Life
Poverty, by America
by Matthew Desmond • 2023
Poverty in America persists by design, fueled by exploitation and welfare that flows to the top.
4.27
64k+
🏚️ Housing Exploitation🛠️ Labor Exploitation💰 Affluent Welfare
Poverty, by America Summary
Poverty, by America 88%
Poverty in America persists by design, fueled by exploitation and welfare that flows to the top.
by Matthew Desmond 2023
4.27
64k+ ratings
🏚️ Housing Exploitation🛠️ Labor Exploitation💰 Affluent Welfare
Building a New American State
by Stephen Skowronek • 1982
Before the New Deal, there was the Progressive Era: how America built its administrative state.
3.75
57
🇺🇸 American Politics🏗️ State Building⏳ Progressive Era
Building a New American State Summary
Building a New American State 88%
Before the New Deal, there was the Progressive Era: how America built its administrative state.
by Stephen Skowronek 1982
3.75
57 ratings
🇺🇸 American Politics🏗️ State Building⏳ Progressive Era
The Nordic Theory of Everything
by Anu Partanen • 2016
What Americans call socialist actually produces the world's most self-sufficient individuals.
3.86
9k+
🏔️ Nordic Model🏛️ Welfare State🌹 Social Democracy
The Nordic Theory of Everything Summary
The Nordic Theory of Everything 88%
What Americans call socialist actually produces the world's most self-sufficient individuals.
by Anu Partanen 2016
3.86
9k+ ratings
🏔️ Nordic Model🏛️ Welfare State🌹 Social Democracy
The People's Welfare
by William J. Novak • 1996
Before laissez-faire, 19th-century America ran on local rules: markets, morals, everything.
3.88
81
🏛️ American Legal History🕰️ 19th-Century America🏘️ Local Self-Government
The People's Welfare Summary
The People's Welfare 88%
Before laissez-faire, 19th-century America ran on local rules: markets, morals, everything.
by William J. Novak 1996
3.88
81 ratings
🏛️ American Legal History🕰️ 19th-Century America🏘️ Local Self-Government
We've Got You Covered
by Liran Einav • 2023
America already covers the uninsured, just badly. The fix: automatic, basic, free, and budgeted.
4.09
386
🏥 American Healthcare📊 Health Economics🏛 Health Policy
We've Got You Covered Summary
We've Got You Covered 88%
America already covers the uninsured, just badly. The fix: automatic, basic, free, and budgeted.
by Liran Einav 2023
4.09
386 ratings
🏥 American Healthcare📊 Health Economics🏛 Health Policy
Life at the Bottom
by Theodore Dalrymple • 2001
Poverty didn't wreck the underclass. A set of ideas did—and intellectuals handed them down.
4.23
4k+
🏙️ Urban Poverty🏛️ Welfare State Critique🎭 Victimhood Culture
Life at the Bottom Summary
Life at the Bottom 88%
Poverty didn't wreck the underclass. A set of ideas did—and intellectuals handed them down.
by Theodore Dalrymple 2001
4.23
4k+ ratings
🏙️ Urban Poverty🏛️ Welfare State Critique🎭 Victimhood Culture
Punishing the Poor
by Loïc Wacquant • 2004
Welfare cuts and mass incarceration are two sides of the same neoliberal project, not opposites.
4.21
277
🏛️ Mass Incarceration💸 Neoliberal Critique🚫 Criminalizing Poverty
Punishing the Poor Summary
Punishing the Poor 88%
Welfare cuts and mass incarceration are two sides of the same neoliberal project, not opposites.
by Loïc Wacquant 2004
4.21
277 ratings
🏛️ Mass Incarceration💸 Neoliberal Critique🚫 Criminalizing Poverty
What We Owe Each Other
by Minouche Shafik • 2021
The safety net is fraying from childhood to old age. A single plan to rewire it.
3.85
1k+
🏛️ Social Policy📉 Economic Inequality👷 Labor Markets
What We Owe Each Other Summary
What We Owe Each Other 88%
The safety net is fraying from childhood to old age. A single plan to rewire it.
by Minouche Shafik 2021
3.85
1k+ ratings
🏛️ Social Policy📉 Economic Inequality👷 Labor Markets
The Listening Society
by Hanzi Freinacht • 2017
Political systems ignore how minds grow. A blueprint for a state that develops its citizens.
4.49
402
🏛️ Political Philosophy📖 Social Theory🪜 Adult Development
The Listening Society Summary
The Listening Society 88%
Political systems ignore how minds grow. A blueprint for a state that develops its citizens.
by Hanzi Freinacht 2017
4.49
402 ratings
🏛️ Political Philosophy📖 Social Theory🪜 Adult Development
The Two Percent Solution
by Matt Miller • 2003
America's biggest domestic problems cost two percent of GDP to fix. That's the whole argument.
3.98
89
🏛️ Domestic Policy🏥 Healthcare Reform📚 Education Reform
The Two Percent Solution Summary
The Two Percent Solution 88%
America's biggest domestic problems cost two percent of GDP to fix. That's the whole argument.
by Matt Miller 2003
3.98
89 ratings
🏛️ Domestic Policy🏥 Healthcare Reform📚 Education Reform
The Heart of the Declaration
by Steve Pincus • 2016
The Declaration was not a small-government manifesto but a blueprint for a powerful, activist state.
3.64
36
🏛️ American Founding💰 Political Economy🏗️ State Formation
The Heart of the Declaration Summary
The Heart of the Declaration 88%
The Declaration was not a small-government manifesto but a blueprint for a powerful, activist state.
by Steve Pincus 2016
3.64
36 ratings
🏛️ American Founding💰 Political Economy🏗️ State Formation
These United States
by Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore • 2015
For fifty years, equality won. Then inequality struck back. A century of America's unfinished fight.
3.75
111
🇺🇸 Modern American History💰 Economic Inequality⚒️ Labor History
These United States Summary
These United States 88%
For fifty years, equality won. Then inequality struck back. A century of America's unfinished fight.
by Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore 2015
3.75
111 ratings
🇺🇸 Modern American History💰 Economic Inequality⚒️ Labor History
The Upswing
by Robert D. Putnam • 2020
America swings between "we" and "me" eras. The pivot decade was the 1960s.
3.94
2k+
📈 Economic History🏛️ Political Polarization🏘️ Civic Decline
The Upswing Summary
The Upswing 88%
America swings between "we" and "me" eras. The pivot decade was the 1960s.
by Robert D. Putnam 2020
3.94
2k+ ratings
📈 Economic History🏛️ Political Polarization🏘️ Civic Decline
The Age of Responsibility
by Yascha Mounk • 2017
When responsibility became a weapon, welfare states turned to punishment over protection.
3.66
82
🏛️ Political Philosophy🏥 Welfare State🎲 Agency And Luck
The Age of Responsibility Summary
The Age of Responsibility 88%
When responsibility became a weapon, welfare states turned to punishment over protection.
by Yascha Mounk 2017
3.66
82 ratings
🏛️ Political Philosophy🏥 Welfare State🎲 Agency And Luck
When Affirmative Action Was White
by Ira Katznelson • 2005
Social Security, the GI Bill, and labor law: they widened the racial wealth gap by design.
4.13
2k+
🧾 New Deal History💰 Racial Wealth Gap🏠 Housing Segregation
When Affirmative Action Was White Summary
When Affirmative Action Was White 88%
Social Security, the GI Bill, and labor law: they widened the racial wealth gap by design.
by Ira Katznelson 2005
4.13
2k+ ratings
🧾 New Deal History💰 Racial Wealth Gap🏠 Housing Segregation
Heatwave
by John L. Williams • 2025
A record-breaking heatwave, a nation on the brink: how the summer of 1976 remade Britain.
3.89
134
📚 Social History🔍 Microhistory🚔 Race And Policing
Heatwave Summary
Heatwave 88%
A record-breaking heatwave, a nation on the brink: how the summer of 1976 remade Britain.
by John L. Williams 2025
3.89
134 ratings
📚 Social History🔍 Microhistory🚔 Race And Policing
Categorically Unequal
by Douglas S. Massey • 2007
America engineered its inequality: sort people into categories, then rig the rules.
4.24
134
📊 Social Stratification🔀 Race And Class🏛️ Political Economy
Categorically Unequal Summary
Categorically Unequal 88%
America engineered its inequality: sort people into categories, then rig the rules.
by Douglas S. Massey 2007
4.24
134 ratings
📊 Social Stratification🔀 Race And Class🏛️ Political Economy
State of the Union
by Nelson Lichtenstein • 2002
Why American law expanded individual rights while dismantling the collective power of labor.
3.75
170
🏭 Labor History🇺🇸 American Labor Movement📜 New Deal Era
State of the Union Summary
State of the Union 88%
Why American law expanded individual rights while dismantling the collective power of labor.
by Nelson Lichtenstein 2002
3.75
170 ratings
🏭 Labor History🇺🇸 American Labor Movement📜 New Deal Era
Home
Search
Swipe
Library
Get App
Try Full Access for 3 Days
Listen, bookmark, and more
Compare Features Free Pro
📖 Read Summaries
Read unlimited summaries. Free users get 3 per month
🎧 Listen to Summaries
Listen to unlimited summaries in 40 languages
 —
❤️ Unlimited Bookmarks
Free users are limited to 4
 —
📜 Unlimited History
Free users are limited to 4
 —
📥 Unlimited Downloads
Free users are limited to 1
 —
Risk-Free Timeline
Today: Get Instant Access
Listen to full summaries of 26,000+ books. That's 12,000+ hours of audio!
Day 2: Trial Reminder
We'll send you a notification that your trial is ending soon.
Day 3: Your subscription begins
You'll be charged on Jul 25,
cancel anytime before.
Consume 2.8× More Books
2.8× more books Listening Reading
Our users love us
600,000+ readers
Trustpilot Rating
TrustPilot
4.6 Excellent
This site is a total game-changer. I've been flying through book summaries like never before. Highly, highly recommend.
— Dave G
Worth my money and time, and really well made. I've never seen this quality of summaries on other websites. Very helpful!
— Em
Highly recommended!! Fantastic service. Perfect for those that want a little more than a teaser but not all the intricate details of a full audio book.
— Greg M
Save 62%
Yearly
$119.88 $44.99/year/yr
$3.75/mo
Monthly
$9.99/mo
Start a 3-Day Free Trial
3 days free, then $44.99/year. Cancel anytime.
Unlock a world of fiction & nonfiction books
26,000+ books for the price of 2 books
Read any book in 10 minutes
Discover new books like Tinder
Request any book if it's not summarized
Read more books than anyone you know
#1 app for book lovers
Lifelike & immersive summaries
30-day money-back guarantee
Download summaries in EPUBs or PDFs
Cancel anytime in a few clicks
Scanner
Find a barcode to scan

⭐
⭐
⭐
We have a special gift for you
Open
38% OFF
DISCOUNT FOR YOU
⭐
⭐
⭐
$79.99
$49.99/year
only $4.16 per month
Continue
2 taps to start, super easy to cancel
Settings
General
Widget
Loading...
⭐
⭐
⭐
We have a special gift for you
Open
38% OFF
DISCOUNT FOR YOU
⭐
⭐
⭐
$79.99
$49.99/year
only $4.16 per month
Continue
2 taps to start, super easy to cancel