重点摘要
1. 权力是一种可以通过战略行为掌握的工具
“权力是一种工具。就像许多工具一样，权力一旦掌握，可以用来实现伟大的事情、可怕的事情，以及介于两者之间的一切。”
权力是可以学习的。 与普遍看法相反，权力并不是一种与生俱来的特质，而是一组可以发展的技能和行为。研究表明，政治技能是职业成功的最强预测因素之一，与更高的薪酬、更多的晋升和更大的工作满意度相关联。
权力对变革是必要的。 要在组织和社会中实现有意义的变革，个人需要有效地获取和运用权力。没有权力，即使是最好的想法和意图也可能无法实现。
权力需要策略。 获取和维持权力涉及：
- 理解组织动态
- 建立有影响力的关系
- 展现自信和能力
- 在何时顺应和何时突出方面做出战略决策
2. 通过克服自我限制信念来摆脱自我束缚
“如果你不认为自己有权力、能力和应得的价值，那么很可能在微妙甚至不那么微妙的方式中，你会将这种自我评估传达给他人。”
识别自我施加的限制。 许多人，尤其是来自弱势群体的人，常常受到冒名顶替综合症或内化的自我价值缺失信念的困扰。这些自我限制信念可能会成为自我实现的预言。
重塑自我叙事。 为了克服这些限制：
- 专注于你的优势和成就
- 在描述自己时使用赋权的语言
- 用你能力的证据来挑战消极的自我对话
- 寻求值得信赖的导师的反馈，以获得更平衡的视角
采取经过深思熟虑的风险。 走出舒适区，接受挑战，能够帮助建立自信，并向他人展示你的潜力。
3. 战略性地打破规则以脱颖而出并获得优势
“不同的人愿意为成功做出不同的努力。仅仅因为你不愿意进行社交、奉承或自我推销，并不意味着你的所有竞争对手也会如此谨慎。”
理解违反规范的力量。 打破规则或社会规范可以传达权力并创造地位的感知。研究表明，违反规范的人往往被视为更有权力和影响力。
在打破规则时要有策略。 并非所有规则都应该被打破。考虑：
- 哪些规则是任意或过时的
- 在何处弯曲规则可以创造显著优势
- 如何减轻潜在的负面后果
战略性打破规则的例子：
- 要求超出你当前地位的事物
- 在没有明确许可的情况下主动采取行动
- 挑战你所在领域的传统智慧
- 创造机会，而不是等待机会
4. 通过肢体语言、言语和外表展现权力
“你如何‘出现’是重要的，甚至可能决定你的职业轨迹、他人给予你的权力和地位，以及你是否能保住工作。”
掌握非语言暗示。 研究表明，有权力的人表现出特定的肢体语言模式：
- 开放的姿态
- 宽广的手势
- 直接的眼神接触
- 控制的动作
以权威的方式说话。 有权力的言语特征包括：
- 清晰、简洁的语言
- 最少的模糊词或填充词
- 陈述句而非疑问句
- 战略性地使用停顿以强调
培养强大的外表。 虽然你无法改变自己的身体特征，但你可以：
- 根据你期望的地位适当着装
- 注意个人仪表和形象
- 发展一种独特的风格，使你积极脱颖而出
5. 建立强大的个人品牌以增强影响力
“你的任务是：想出一种简短（两到三句）的方式来描述自己和你的成就，将你的专业知识、经验（你所做的事情）与个人故事的某个方面结合起来。”
发展引人注目的叙事。 你的个人品牌应：
- 突出你的独特优势和经历
- 展示你的背景如何使你特别适合你的目标
- 真实且令人难忘
一致地传达你的品牌。 利用各种渠道来强化你的品牌：
- 专业社交媒体资料
- 个人网站或博客
- 演讲或写作机会
- 社交活动和专业协会
战略性地获取荣誉。 不要假设他人会注意到你的成就。学会：
- 记录和传达你的成功
- 从增值的角度框架你的成就
- 与他人分享荣誉，同时突出自己的角色
6. 不懈地建立人脉以扩大影响范围
“你认识谁，以及你认识多少人，对你的影响力和职业生涯都很重要。”
优先考虑关系建设。 研究表明，花更多时间进行社交的人取得更大的职业成功。目标是每周投入8-10小时进行专业网络建设。
利用弱关系。 虽然强关系很有价值，但弱关系往往提供：
- 访问多样的信息和机会
- 通往新社交圈的桥梁
- 增强创造力和创新
为他人创造价值。 有效的网络建设不是交易性的，而是互惠互利的：
- 向你网络中的其他人提供帮助和资源
- 连接可以互相受益的人
- 分享有价值的信息或见解
在网络建设中要有策略：
- 确定与你的目标一致的关键个人或团体
- 参加行业活动和会议
- 利用在线平台维护和扩大你的网络
7. 主动利用权力以实现目标并维持地位
“使用权力往往是必要的，因为组织通常面临不同程度和形式的惯性，因此改善需要改变现有的做事方式。”
在新职位上迅速行动。 在角色的早期阶段通常提供了一个机会窗口，可以在反对意见形成之前进行重大改变。
利用权力吸引支持者。 战略性地：
- 招聘或提升与您愿景一致的个人
- 建立支持您倡议的联盟
- 移除或中和潜在的对手
制度化你的权力。 创建强化你地位的结构：
- 建立有利于你优势的决策流程
- 发展独特的专业知识或关系，使你不可或缺
- 控制关键资源或信息流
展示使用权力的意愿。 表示你准备行使权力，往往可以防止对你权威的挑战。
8. 成功往往可以为获取权力的过去行为辩护
“成功——金钱和权力——可以掩盖许多被认为的罪行，使他人忽视、遗忘或以其他方式合理化不当行为。”
理解“马太效应”。 成功往往会通过以下方式滋生更多成功：
- 增加获取资源和机会的机会
- 更容易吸引有才华的合作者
- 提高可见度和对未来表现的积极假设
认识到偏向权力者的认知偏见：
- 确认偏见：人们寻求确认他们对成功人士的既有信念的信息
- 公正世界假设：人们倾向于相信人们应得他们的结果，从而合理化成功人士的行为
谨慎应对伦理问题。 虽然过去的行为可能因成功而被原谅：
- 注意潜在的声誉风险
- 考虑不道德行为的长期后果
- 尽可能通过道德手段建立权力
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FAQ
What's 7 Rules of Power about?
- Focus on Power Dynamics: 7 Rules of Power by Jeffrey Pfeffer delves into the intricacies of power within organizations and how individuals can navigate these dynamics for career success.
- Practical Strategies: The book offers seven actionable rules that challenge traditional leadership wisdom, focusing on power dynamics over mere performance.
- Real-Life Examples: Pfeffer uses stories and research to demonstrate how individuals can reclaim and wield power effectively in their professional environments.
Why should I read 7 Rules of Power?
- Transformative Insights: The book provides a fresh perspective on power, moving away from conventional leadership ideals like collaboration and humility.
- Applicable to All Careers: Whether you're a novice or a seasoned professional, the rules offer practical steps to boost your influence and career path.
- Research-Based Guidance: Pfeffer's advice is grounded in social science research, making it both insightful and actionable.
What are the key takeaways of 7 Rules of Power?
- Seven Fundamental Rules: The book outlines rules such as "Get out of your own way," "Break the rules," and "Network relentlessly."
- Power is Essential: Understanding and wielding power is crucial for career success and organizational change.
- Self-Advocacy is Key: Emphasizes the importance of self-promotion and actively seeking opportunities, as many underestimate their own worth.
What are the best quotes from 7 Rules of Power and what do they mean?
- Empowering Good People: “If you want power to be used for good, more good people need to have power.” This highlights the need for capable individuals to influence positive change.
- Overcoming Self-Limitations: “Get out of your own way.” Encourages overcoming self-imposed limitations to seize advancement opportunities.
- Pragmatic Success: “Success excuses almost everything.” Suggests that achieving results can overshadow past mistakes, reflecting the pragmatic nature of power dynamics.
What is the first rule in 7 Rules of Power?
- Get Out of Your Own Way: Encourages recognizing and eliminating self-sabotaging behaviors that hinder progress.
- Overcoming Imposter Syndrome: Discusses how feelings of inadequacy can prevent individuals from asserting themselves.
- Positive Self-Description: Emphasizes framing oneself positively, as self-perception influences others' perceptions.
How does 7 Rules of Power define networking?
- Networking Relentlessly: Building and maintaining a strong network is essential for career advancement and influence.
- Strategic Relationships: Networking should focus on creating mutually beneficial relationships for support and opportunities.
- Visibility and Access: Being visible within your network increases the likelihood of being considered for opportunities.
What does 7 Rules of Power say about breaking rules?
- Challenge Norms: Advocates for challenging conventional norms and expectations that may limit potential.
- Surprise and Advantage: Engaging in unexpected behaviors can provide an advantage in competitive environments.
- Historical Context: Provides examples where rule-breaking led to significant advancements and successes.
How can I build a powerful brand according to 7 Rules of Power?
- Develop a Narrative: Craft a compelling personal narrative that integrates professional achievements and personal story.
- Visibility and Engagement: Engage in public speaking, writing, and networking to enhance your brand.
- Influential Associations: Building relationships with high-status individuals can elevate your brand by association.
What is the significance of appearing powerful in 7 Rules of Power?
- First Impressions Matter: Presentation through body language, speech, and demeanor influences perceptions of power and competence.
- Confidence is Key: Projecting confidence can lead to greater respect and opportunities.
- Nonverbal Cues: Importance of nonverbal communication, like eye contact and assertive body language, to convey authority.
How does 7 Rules of Power address the concept of success?
- Success Excuses Almost Everything: Achieving results can mitigate past mistakes, emphasizing the pragmatic nature of power.
- Performance vs. Power: While performance is important, understanding power dynamics is crucial for sustained success.
- Long-Term Perspective: Focus on long-term goals and strategic use of power to navigate challenges and achieve objectives.
What strategies does 7 Rules of Power suggest for using power effectively?
- Act Quickly: New leaders should use their power swiftly to implement changes and establish authority.
- Build Alliances: Form supportive relationships to reinforce power and facilitate initiatives.
- Remove Opponents: Strategically outplace rivals to strengthen your position.
How does 7 Rules of Power address the concept of humility in leadership?
- Humility vs. Power: Argues that while humility is praised, it can be a disadvantage in competitive environments.
- Self-Promotion: Encourages leaders to promote achievements rather than relying on modesty.
- Balancing Act: Suggests finding a balance between confidence and humility for strategic self-presentation.
评论
《权力的七条法则》 提供了在职业环境中获取和运用权力的务实建议。读者们欣赏其基于研究的见解和实用策略，尽管有些人对这些战术的伦理性表示质疑。该书挑战了传统智慧，主张自信优于真实，鼓励战略性地打破规则。虽然一些读者对书中的方法感到困惑，但许多人发现它在理解权力动态和推动职业发展方面极具价值。这七条法则为应对组织政治和实现个人目标提供了一个框架。
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关于作者
Other books by Jeffrey Pfeffer
Power
Why Some People Have it and Others Don't
Leadership BS
Fixing Workplaces and Careers One Truth at a Time
The Knowing-Doing Gap
How Smart Companies Turn Knowledge into Action
Hard Facts, Dangerous Half-Truths, and Total Nonsense
Profiting from Evidence-based Management
Dying for a Paycheck
How Modern Management Harms Employee Health and Company Performance—and What We Can Do About It