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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple

10 Strategies for Managing Anxiety, Depression, Anger, Panic, and Worry
作者 Seth J. Gillihan 2018 231 页数
4.13
1k+ 评分
9 分钟

重点摘要

1. 认知行为疗法:思想、行为与正念的强大三合一

“认知行为疗法(CBT)在近几十年中成为管理各种心理状况的最佳测试方法。”

CBT的三大支柱。 认知行为疗法(CBT)建立在三个基本组成部分之上:重塑思维模式的认知技术、修改行为的行为策略以及培养当下意识的正念练习。这三合一的方法形成了一个全面的心理健康方法,解决了我们思想、情感和行为的相互关联性。

基于证据的疗效。 CBT在治疗各种心理状况(包括抑郁、焦虑和愤怒管理问题)方面获得了大量研究支持。其结构化、目标导向的方法通常在相对较短的时间内产生效果,使其成为许多心理健康专业人士和客户的首选。

  • CBT的关键原则:
  • 治疗师与客户之间的合作
  • 关注当前问题和解决方案
  • 强调自我管理技能的培养
  • 有明确终点的时间限制治疗
  • 预防复发策略

2. 目标设定:CBT旅程的指南针

“当我们对想要去的地方有清晰的愿景时,承诺做出必要的改变就容易得多。”

SMART目标指导进展。 在CBT中,目标设定遵循SMART标准:具体、可测量、可实现、相关和有时间限制。这一框架确保目标清晰、可跟踪且现实,为治疗进展提供了路线图。

全面的生活评估。 CBT鼓励在各种生活领域设定目标,包括人际关系、职业、身体健康和个人成长。这种全面的方法确保一个领域的改善支持整体的幸福感。

  • 目标设定的关键领域:
  • 人际关系(家庭、朋友、浪漫伴侣)
  • 职业和教育
  • 身体健康和健身
  • 心理和情感健康
  • 个人兴趣和爱好
  • 精神或生活目标

3. 行为激活:通过行动重新点燃生活

“以行动为先。像彼得一样,我们有能力想象依赖我们行动的未来结果。这种知识创造了一种高度的能量和动力,激励我们发挥最佳表现。”

行动先于动机。 行为激活是一种强大的CBT技术,鼓励参与有意义的活动,即使动机低落。这种方法认识到行动通常先于动机,而不是相反。

逐步重新参与。 这一过程包括系统地安排和参与与个人价值观和目标一致的活动。从小而可管理的任务开始,逐渐增加难度,有助于建立动力和信心。

  • 行为激活的步骤:
  1. 确定价值观和相应的活动
  2. 按难度对活动进行评分
  3. 安排活动,从较容易的开始
  4. 完成活动并跟踪进展
  5. 逐渐增加难度和复杂性

4. 挑战消极思维:重塑你的心理景观

“我们的思想常常为我们服务,帮助我们做出明智的决定。有时,我们的思维是扭曲的。”

认知扭曲。 CBT识别出常见的扭曲思维模式,如非黑即白思维、过度概括和灾难化。识别这些模式是挑战和重塑消极思维过程的第一步。

基于证据的评估。 认知重构的核心是审查消极思维的证据,考虑替代解释,并发展更平衡、现实的观点。

  • 挑战消极思维的步骤:
  1. 识别消极思维
  2. 认识到情感影响
  3. 寻找支持和反驳思维的证据
  4. 考虑替代解释
  5. 发展更平衡的观点
  6. 练习新的思维模式

5. 核心信念:挖掘和转变你的心理基础

“核心信念构成了我们看待世界的基石。”

识别核心信念。 核心信念是我们对自己、他人和世界的深刻假设。它们通常在早期生活中形成,并能深刻影响我们的思想、情感和行为。识别这些信念对于在CBT中实现持久改变至关重要。

挑战和修改信念。 一旦识别出核心信念,就可以使用类似于挑战消极思维的技术来审查和修改这些信念。这个过程通常涉及探索信念的起源、收集证据并发展更适应性的替代方案。

  • 核心信念的常见领域:
  • 自我价值和能力
  • 信任和人际关系
  • 安全和脆弱性
  • 控制和自主性
  • 生活的意义和目的

6. 正念:拥抱当下

“正念就是将我们的意识带到当下。就是这样。”

专注于当下的意识。 正念涉及培养对当下的非评判性意识。这种练习有助于打破对过去的反刍或对未来的担忧,这在许多心理障碍中很常见。

与CBT的整合。 正念补充了传统的CBT技术,通过培养与思想和情感的不同关系。它鼓励观察心理体验而不被其困扰,为管理困难的情感和思想提供了强大的工具。

  • 关键的正念练习:
  • 专注呼吸冥想
  • 身体扫描练习
  • 正念行走
  • 不带评判地观察思想
  • 正念饮食
  • 慈爱冥想

7. 克服拖延:打破延迟的循环

“我们越依赖纯粹的意志力来克服拖延,就越不可能打破它的束缚。”

理解拖延。 拖延通常源于对失败的恐惧、完美主义或对任务的厌恶。认识到这些潜在因素对于制定有效的策略以克服延迟至关重要。

实用策略。 CBT提供了许多技术来对抗拖延,重点是认知和行为方法。这些策略旨在将任务分解为可管理的步骤,挑战不利的思维,并创造一个支持生产力的环境。

  • 克服拖延的技巧:
  • 将任务分解为较小、可管理的步骤
  • 使用“五分钟规则”开始
  • 创建无干扰的环境
  • 挑战完美主义思维
  • 奖励进展和完成
  • 使用时间管理工具(如番茄工作法)

8. 管理焦虑:面对恐惧并拥抱不确定性

“暴露于让我们害怕的事物会减少我们的焦虑:让我们的神经系统学习到危险被夸大了。”

逐步暴露。 CBT治疗焦虑的基石是暴露疗法,涉及系统地面对害怕的情境或物体。这个过程有助于重新校准神经系统对感知威胁的反应,并建立应对能力的信心。

焦虑的认知重构。 除了暴露疗法,CBT治疗焦虑还包括识别和挑战焦虑思维,特别是对威胁的高估和对应对能力的低估。

  • 焦虑管理的关键组成部分:
  • 创建焦虑等级
  • 逐步暴露于害怕的情境
  • 挑战焦虑思维
  • 放松和呼吸技巧
  • 焦虑的正念练习
  • 接受不确定性

9. 驯服愤怒:从反应性到响应性控制

“愤怒可以是一种强烈的情感体验,有好有坏。”

理解愤怒触发因素。 CBT的愤怒管理始于识别引发愤怒爆发的具体情境、思维和身体感觉。这种意识对于制定有效的干预策略至关重要。

认知和行为策略。 管理愤怒涉及认知重构以挑战引发愤怒的思维、放松技巧以减少生理唤醒以及行为策略以改善沟通和解决问题的技能。

  • 愤怒管理技巧:
  • 识别愤怒触发因素和早期预警信号
  • 挑战愤怒的思维和解释
  • 渐进性肌肉放松
  • 暂停策略
  • 坚定的沟通技巧
  • 解决问题的方法

10. 自我关怀:滋养你的心灵、身体和精神

“自我关怀绝不是自私的行为。我们感觉越好,就越能给予他人。”

整体健康。 有效的自我关怀涵盖健康的身体、情感和精神维度。CBT强调生活方式因素(如睡眠、营养、锻炼和社会联系)在维持心理健康中的重要性。

可持续的实践。 制定可持续的自我关怀常规涉及识别对个人有意义的活动并将其融入日常生活。这种方法认识到自我关怀不是奢侈品,而是整体幸福和韧性的必要基础。

  • 自我关怀的关键领域:
  • 睡眠卫生和一致的睡眠时间表
  • 均衡的营养和正念饮食
  • 定期的身体锻炼
  • 压力管理技巧
  • 社会联系和支持
  • 参与有意义的活动和爱好
  • 练习感恩和正念

最后更新日期:

FAQ

What's "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple" about?

  • Overview: "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple" by Seth J. Gillihan is a guide to understanding and applying cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques to manage anxiety, depression, anger, panic, and worry.
  • Purpose: The book aims to empower readers to take control of their mental health by providing practical strategies that can be implemented without the need for a therapist.
  • Structure: It is organized into ten chapters, each focusing on different aspects of CBT, such as goal setting, breaking negative thought patterns, and maintaining mindfulness.
  • Audience: The book is suitable for individuals new to CBT, those currently in therapy, or anyone seeking a refresher on CBT principles.

Why should I read "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple"?

  • Practical Techniques: The book offers actionable strategies that can be easily integrated into daily life to improve mental well-being.
  • Self-Empowerment: It encourages readers to become their own therapists by understanding and applying CBT techniques independently.
  • Comprehensive Coverage: It addresses a wide range of emotional difficulties, including anxiety, depression, and anger, making it a versatile resource.
  • Accessible Language: Written in clear and straightforward language, the book is designed to be easily understood by readers without a background in psychology.

What are the key takeaways of "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple"?

  • CBT Principles: The book emphasizes the importance of understanding the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
  • Goal Setting: It highlights the significance of setting specific, realistic, and meaningful goals to guide therapeutic progress.
  • Mindfulness Integration: The book incorporates mindfulness practices as a "third wave" of CBT to enhance emotional regulation and present-moment awareness.
  • Self-Care: It underscores the necessity of self-care practices, such as adequate sleep, nutrition, and exercise, in maintaining mental health.

How does Seth J. Gillihan define Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

  • Solution-Focused: CBT is described as a solution-focused form of psychotherapy aimed at reducing symptoms and improving well-being quickly.
  • Cognitive and Behavioral Components: It involves changing problematic thought patterns (cognitive) and developing beneficial actions (behavioral).
  • Evidence-Based: The book emphasizes that CBT is one of the most well-researched and effective treatments for a variety of psychological conditions.
  • Self-Therapy: Gillihan presents CBT as a method that teaches individuals to become their own therapists by applying learned skills to new challenges.

What are the 10 strategies for managing emotions in "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple"?

  • Goal Setting: Establish clear, achievable goals to guide therapy and measure progress.
  • Behavioral Activation: Engage in rewarding activities to combat depression and increase motivation.
  • Negative Thought Patterns: Identify and challenge negative automatic thoughts to improve mood.
  • Core Beliefs: Recognize and modify deep-seated beliefs that drive negative thinking.
  • Mindfulness: Practice mindfulness to stay present and reduce anxiety and stress.
  • Procrastination: Use CBT techniques to overcome procrastination and improve productivity.
  • Worry and Anxiety: Apply cognitive and behavioral strategies to manage excessive worry and fear.
  • Anger Management: Learn to control anger through cognitive restructuring and relaxation techniques.
  • Self-Kindness: Incorporate self-care practices to support overall mental health.
  • Relapse Prevention: Develop strategies to maintain progress and prevent relapse.

How does "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple" suggest setting effective goals?

  • Specificity: Goals should be specific and measurable to track progress effectively.
  • Moderate Challenge: Set goals that are challenging yet achievable to maintain motivation.
  • Personal Relevance: Ensure goals are personally meaningful and aligned with individual values.
  • Realistic Expectations: Balance ambition with realism to avoid discouragement and burnout.

What role does mindfulness play in "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple"?

  • Present Focus: Mindfulness encourages focusing on the present moment to reduce anxiety and depression.
  • Acceptance: It involves accepting experiences as they are, without judgment, to decrease stress.
  • Integration with CBT: Mindfulness is integrated as a "third wave" of CBT, complementing cognitive and behavioral techniques.
  • Practical Exercises: The book provides practical mindfulness exercises, such as meditation and mindful walking, to enhance emotional regulation.

How does Seth J. Gillihan address procrastination in "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple"?

  • Understanding Causes: The book explores the underlying causes of procrastination, such as fear of failure and negative reinforcement.
  • Cognitive Strategies: It suggests challenging permission-giving thoughts and setting realistic expectations to overcome procrastination.
  • Behavioral Techniques: Breaking tasks into manageable steps and using external reminders are recommended to improve task completion.
  • Mindfulness Practices: Mindfulness is used to accept discomfort and focus on the present task, reducing avoidance behaviors.

What are the best quotes from "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple" and what do they mean?

  • "Action seems to follow feeling, but really action and feeling go together." This quote emphasizes the importance of taking action to influence emotions, a core principle of behavioral activation.
  • "The way to experience nowness is to realize that this very moment, this very point in your life, is always the occasion." It highlights the significance of mindfulness and being present in the moment.
  • "Part of being human is managing the balance between anticipating the future and accepting its uncertainty." This quote addresses the challenge of anxiety and the need to embrace uncertainty.
  • "You’re worth taking care of." It underscores the importance of self-care and treating oneself with kindness and compassion.

How does "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple" suggest managing excessive anger?

  • Cognitive Restructuring: Identify and challenge anger-inducing thoughts to reduce emotional intensity.
  • Relaxation Techniques: Use relaxation methods, such as deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, to calm the body.
  • Mindfulness Practices: Practice mindfulness to observe anger without reacting impulsively, allowing for more thoughtful responses.
  • Assertiveness Training: Learn to express needs and boundaries assertively rather than aggressively to improve communication and relationships.

What is the significance of core beliefs in "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple"?

  • Foundation of Thoughts: Core beliefs are deep-seated beliefs that influence automatic thoughts and emotional responses.
  • Self-Perpetuating: They act as filters, reinforcing themselves by shaping how we interpret experiences.
  • Identification and Change: The book provides techniques to identify and modify core beliefs, such as the downward arrow technique.
  • Impact on Emotions: Changing core beliefs can lead to significant improvements in emotional well-being and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.

How does "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple" recommend practicing self-care?

  • Sleep: Prioritize adequate sleep to support mental and physical health.
  • Nutrition: Follow a balanced diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, to improve mood and energy levels.
  • Exercise: Engage in regular physical activity to boost mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.
  • Stress Management: Incorporate stress-reducing activities, such as mindfulness and relaxation techniques, into daily routines.

评论

4.13 满分 5
平均评分来自 1k+ 来自Goodreads和亚马逊的评分.

《认知行为疗法简明指南》因其易于理解的CBT技术而备受赞誉。读者们欣赏其管理焦虑、抑郁和负面思维模式的实用策略。书中清晰的写作风格、真实的例子和可操作的练习,使其对初学者和熟悉CBT的人都很有价值。许多人发现关于识别核心信念和打破负面思维模式的章节特别有帮助。尽管有些人觉得某些部分比较基础,但总体而言,这本书被推荐为改善心理健康和自我意识的有效工具。

Your rating:

关于作者

赛斯·J·吉利汉博士是一位专注于认知行为疗法的心理学家和作家。他撰写了多本关于心理健康的书籍,包括《简单认知行为疗法》和《重塑你的大脑:7周认知行为疗法》。吉利汉的写作风格以温暖和易懂著称,使复杂的心理学概念变得通俗易懂。他强调实用的策略和练习,读者可以在日常生活中实施。吉利汉的工作重点是通过循证技术帮助个人管理焦虑、抑郁和其他心理健康挑战。他的方法结合了传统的认知行为疗法和正念练习,反映了当前心理治疗的趋势。

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