Authentic Leadership (HBR Emotional Intelligence Series)

1. Authentic leadership emerges from life experiences, not universal traits

Analyzing 3,000 pages of transcripts, our team was startled to see that these people did not identify any universal characteristics, traits, skills, or styles that led to their success. Rather, their leadership emerged from their life stories.

Life shapes leadership. Authentic leaders draw inspiration and lessons from their personal experiences, both positive and negative. They constantly test themselves through real-world challenges, reframing their life stories to understand their core purpose. This process of self-discovery allows leaders to develop a unique leadership style that feels genuine and aligns with their values.

Transformative experiences. Many leaders report that their motivation came from difficult life events, such as:

• Loss of a job
• Personal illness
• Death of a close friend or relative
• Feelings of exclusion or discrimination

Instead of seeing themselves as victims, authentic leaders use these formative experiences to give meaning to their lives and discover their passion for leading. They reframe challenges as opportunities for growth and self-discovery, ultimately shaping their leadership approach.

2. Self-awareness is crucial for developing authentic leadership

When the 75 members of Stanford Graduate School of Business's Advisory Council were asked to recommend the most important capability for leaders to develop, their answer was nearly unanimous: self-awareness.

Know thyself. Self-awareness is the foundation of authentic leadership. It requires courage and honesty to examine one's experiences, strengths, weaknesses, and values. Leaders must be willing to confront their blind spots and listen to feedback, especially the kind they don't want to hear.

Developing self-awareness involves:

• Reflecting on past experiences and their impact
• Seeking honest feedback from others
• Identifying personal values and motivations
• Recognizing patterns in behavior and decision-making
• Embracing vulnerability and admitting mistakes

As leaders become more self-aware, they become more humane and willing to be vulnerable. This authenticity allows them to connect more deeply with their teams and make decisions that align with their true selves.

3. Practicing values consistently builds leadership principles

Leadership principles are values translated into action. Having a solid base of values and testing them under fire enables you to develop the principles you will use in leading.

Values in action. Authentic leaders don't just talk about their values; they consistently practice them, especially under pressure. When faced with difficult decisions, they rely on their core beliefs to guide their actions. This consistency builds trust and credibility with their teams.

Developing leadership principles:

1. Identify core personal values
2. Translate values into actionable principles
3. Test principles in challenging situations
4. Refine and adjust based on real-world experiences
5. Communicate principles clearly to others

By living their values, leaders demonstrate integrity and inspire others to do the same. This approach creates a strong ethical foundation for the entire organization and helps navigate complex decisions with clarity and purpose.

4. Balance extrinsic and intrinsic motivations for sustained leadership

The key is to find a balance between your desires for external validation and the intrinsic motivations that provide fulfillment in your work.

Motivation matters. Authentic leaders understand the importance of balancing external rewards (such as recognition and financial success) with internal drivers (like personal growth and making a difference). This balance helps maintain high levels of motivation and prevents burnout.

Balancing motivations:

• Extrinsic: Recognition, status, financial rewards
• Intrinsic: Personal growth, helping others, social impact

Leaders should be aware of their motivations and regularly reassess them. As careers progress, the balance may shift towards intrinsic factors. Recognizing and nurturing these deeper motivations can lead to more fulfilling and sustainable leadership over time.

5. Build a diverse support team to maintain authenticity

Authentic leaders build extraordinary support teams to help them stay on course. Those teams counsel them in times of uncertainty, help them in times of difficulty, and celebrate with them in times of success.

You can't go it alone. Even the most confident leaders need support and perspective from others. A diverse support network helps leaders stay grounded, provides honest feedback, and offers different viewpoints. This team should include both personal and professional connections.

Components of a support team:

• Spouse or significant other
• Family members
• Mentors
• Close friends
• Trusted colleagues

Building a support team requires giving as much as receiving. Leaders must invest time and energy in these relationships, creating mutual trust and understanding. This network becomes crucial during challenging times, providing a safe space for vulnerability and growth.

6. Integrate work and personal life to stay grounded as a leader

Integrating their lives is one of the greatest challenges leaders face. To lead a balanced life, you need to bring together all of its constituent elements—work, family, community, and friends—so that you can be the same person in each environment.

Holistic leadership. Authentic leaders strive to integrate all aspects of their lives, rather than compartmentalizing. This integration allows them to be consistent and genuine across all contexts, reducing stress and increasing overall fulfillment.

Strategies for integration:

• Align personal and professional values
• Set boundaries to protect personal time
• Engage in activities outside of work
• Bring your whole self to each environment
• Practice self-care and stress management

By integrating their lives, leaders can draw strength and inspiration from all areas, enhancing their effectiveness and authenticity in the workplace. This approach also sets an example for others, promoting a healthier work-life balance throughout the organization.

7. Empower others to lead for long-term organizational success

Authentic leaders recognize that leadership is not about their success or about getting loyal subordinates to follow them. They know the key to a successful organization is having empowered leaders at all levels, including those who have no direct reports.

Cultivate leadership. True leaders focus on developing and empowering others rather than hoarding power. By creating a culture of leadership throughout the organization, they ensure long-term success and sustainability.

Ways to empower others:

• Delegate meaningful responsibilities
• Provide opportunities for growth and learning
• Offer constructive feedback and mentorship
• Recognize and celebrate others' achievements
• Create an environment that encourages initiative

Empowering others not only develops a stronger organization but also allows authentic leaders to focus on higher-level strategic thinking and innovation. This approach creates a virtuous cycle of leadership development and organizational success.

8. Embrace vulnerability to foster genuine connections

Vulnerability here does not mean being weak or submissive. To the contrary, it implies the courage to be oneself. It means replacing "professional distance and cool" with uncertainty, risk, and emotional exposure.

Courage to connect. Authentic leaders understand that vulnerability is a strength, not a weakness. By showing their human side, they create deeper connections with their team and build trust. This openness encourages others to be more authentic and engaged.

Benefits of embracing vulnerability:

• Builds trust and rapport
• Encourages open communication
• Fosters a culture of learning from mistakes
• Promotes creativity and innovation
• Enhances emotional intelligence

Leaders who embrace vulnerability create psychologically safe environments where team members feel comfortable taking risks and sharing ideas. This leads to increased collaboration, problem-solving, and overall organizational performance.

9. Adapt leadership style while maintaining core authenticity

Your leadership identity can and should change each time you move on to bigger and better things.

Evolve authentically. Authentic leadership is not about rigidly adhering to a fixed set of behaviors. Instead, it involves adapting one's style to new challenges and contexts while remaining true to core values and principles.

Steps for authentic adaptation:

1. Identify core values and principles
2. Assess new leadership challenges
3. Experiment with different approaches
4. Seek feedback and reflect on experiences
5. Integrate successful adaptations into leadership style

By viewing leadership as a journey of growth and learning, authentic leaders can continually refine their approach without compromising their integrity. This flexibility allows them to remain effective in diverse situations and as they advance in their careers.

10. Express appropriate emotions to enhance leadership effectiveness

When the CEO appeared sad, participants rated him as more sincere and were more likely to want to reconcile with him.

Emotional intelligence matters. Authentic leaders understand the power of appropriate emotional expression. They recognize that showing genuine emotions can enhance their credibility and connection with others, particularly in challenging situations.

Guidelines for emotional expression:

• Match emotions to the situation
• Show empathy and understanding
• Be genuine, not performative
• Use emotions to reinforce messages
• Balance vulnerability with strength

Expressing appropriate emotions helps leaders humanize themselves and demonstrate that they care about their team and the organization's mission. However, it's crucial to maintain a balance, ensuring that emotional displays don't undermine leadership authority or create discomfort among team members.

Last updated: August 13, 2024