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🔎 Critical Appraisal

Books that teach readers to evaluate evidence, arguments, and research with rigor and skepticism. Essential reading for anyone who wants to think clearly in a world saturated with competing claims.
How to Read a Paper
by Trisha Greenhalgh • 1999
From p-values to meta-analyses: critical skills to judge a study, no statistics degree required.
4.02
378
🩺 Evidence-Based Medicine🧪 Study Design📊 Medical Statistics
How to Read a Paper Summary
How to Read a Paper 90%
From p-values to meta-analyses: critical skills to judge a study, no statistics degree required.
by Trisha Greenhalgh 1999
4.02
378 ratings
🩺 Evidence-Based Medicine🧪 Study Design📊 Medical Statistics
How to Read Nonfiction Like a Professor
by Thomas C. Foster • 2020
No one fact-checks the internet. A professor's method for reading critically and spotting the lies.
3.01
681
🔍 Critical Reading📱 Media Literacy📚 Nonfiction Reading
How to Read Nonfiction Like a Professor Summary
How to Read Nonfiction Like a Professor 89%
No one fact-checks the internet. A professor's method for reading critically and spotting the lies.
by Thomas C. Foster 2020
3.01
681 ratings
🔍 Critical Reading📱 Media Literacy📚 Nonfiction Reading
Elements of Critical Thinking
by Albert Rutherford • 2018
Your mind skips evidence, invents stories, and trusts charming liars. A guide for rigorous thinking.
3.99
109
🧠 Cognitive Biases🤔 Critical Reasoning🚫 Fallacy Detection
Elements of Critical Thinking Summary
Elements of Critical Thinking 89%
Your mind skips evidence, invents stories, and trusts charming liars. A guide for rigorous thinking.
by Albert Rutherford 2018
3.99
109 ratings
🧠 Cognitive Biases🤔 Critical Reasoning🚫 Fallacy Detection
Mind the Science
by Jonathan N. Stea • 2024
How a multi-trillion-dollar industry exploits your cognitive biases to sell fake mental health cures
4.15
257
🏥 Wellness Critique🔬 Science Literacy🚩 Pseudoscience Detection
Mind the Science Summary
Mind the Science 89%
How a multi-trillion-dollar industry exploits your cognitive biases to sell fake mental health cures
by Jonathan N. Stea 2024
4.15
257 ratings
🏥 Wellness Critique🔬 Science Literacy🚩 Pseudoscience Detection
Crimes Against Logic
by Jamie Whyte • 2004
Most public arguments are crime scenes. A philosopher dusts for the fingerprints of fallacy.
3.67
2k+
🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Spotting Fallacies🗣️ Public Discourse
Crimes Against Logic Summary
Crimes Against Logic 89%
Most public arguments are crime scenes. A philosopher dusts for the fingerprints of fallacy.
by Jamie Whyte 2004
3.67
2k+ ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Spotting Fallacies🗣️ Public Discourse
Bad Science
by Ben Goldacre • 2008
From detox footbaths to vaccine panics: how bad science hijacks the headlines and your brain.
4.06
45k+
📰 Science Journalism🩺 Evidence-Based Medicine📊 Statistical Literacy
Bad Science Summary
Bad Science 88%
From detox footbaths to vaccine panics: how bad science hijacks the headlines and your brain.
by Ben Goldacre 2008
4.06
45k+ ratings
📰 Science Journalism🩺 Evidence-Based Medicine📊 Statistical Literacy
Asking the Right Questions
by M. Neil Browne • 1981
Spot weak arguments, hidden assumptions, and bad statistics: a guide to thinking for yourself.
3.97
2k+
🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Argument Analysis⚠️ Logical Fallacies
Asking the Right Questions Summary
Asking the Right Questions 88%
Spot weak arguments, hidden assumptions, and bad statistics: a guide to thinking for yourself.
by M. Neil Browne 1981
3.97
2k+ ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Argument Analysis⚠️ Logical Fallacies
Verified
by Mike Caulfield • 2023
The fact-checker method: four moves that verify anything online in under a minute.
4.24
239
📱 Digital Literacy🔍 Fact-Checking🧠 Cognitive Biases
Verified Summary
Verified 88%
The fact-checker method: four moves that verify anything online in under a minute.
by Mike Caulfield 2023
4.24
239 ratings
📱 Digital Literacy🔍 Fact-Checking🧠 Cognitive Biases
Surgery, The Ultimate Placebo
by Ian Harris • 2016
Many common surgeries work no better than a fake incision: a surgeon reveals the evidence.
4.16
196
🔬 Evidence-Based Medicine⚠️ Medical Overtreatment💊 Placebo Studies
Surgery, The Ultimate Placebo Summary
Surgery, The Ultimate Placebo 88%
Many common surgeries work no better than a fake incision: a surgeon reveals the evidence.
by Ian Harris 2016
4.16
196 ratings
🔬 Evidence-Based Medicine⚠️ Medical Overtreatment💊 Placebo Studies
The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe
by Steven Novella • 2018
The skeptic's manual: how to beat your brain's biases and spot pseudoscience.
4.39
5k+
🧠 Critical Thinking🧩 Cognitive Biases💭 Logical Fallacies
The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe Summary
The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe 88%
The skeptic's manual: how to beat your brain's biases and spot pseudoscience.
by Steven Novella 2018
4.39
5k+ ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking🧩 Cognitive Biases💭 Logical Fallacies
Introduction to Logic
by Irving M. Copi • 1953
How to spot a flawed argument: the logic toolkit from Aristotle to truth tables.
4.07
919
🧮 Formal Logic🧠 Critical Thinking⚠️ Logical Fallacies
Introduction to Logic Summary
Introduction to Logic 88%
How to spot a flawed argument: the logic toolkit from Aristotle to truth tables.
by Irving M. Copi 1953
4.07
919 ratings
🧮 Formal Logic🧠 Critical Thinking⚠️ Logical Fallacies
Damned Lies and Statistics
by Joel Best • 1998
Every statistic conceals a choice: what to count, what to ignore, and whose agenda it serves.
3.72
830
📊 Statistical Literacy📰 Media Criticism🏗️ Social Constructionism
Damned Lies and Statistics Summary
Damned Lies and Statistics 88%
Every statistic conceals a choice: what to count, what to ignore, and whose agenda it serves.
by Joel Best 1998
3.72
830 ratings
📊 Statistical Literacy📰 Media Criticism🏗️ Social Constructionism
How to Become a Really Good Pain in the Ass
by Christopher W. DiCarlo • 2007
Why the most annoying person in the room is often right, and how to become them.
3.58
270
🧠 Cognitive Biases🔍 Fallacy Spotting📊 Evidence Evaluation
How to Become a Really Good Pain in the Ass Summary
How to Become a Really Good Pain in the Ass 88%
Why the most annoying person in the room is often right, and how to become them.
by Christopher W. DiCarlo 2007
3.58
270 ratings
🧠 Cognitive Biases🔍 Fallacy Spotting📊 Evidence Evaluation
ذهن فریبکار شما
by Steven Novella • 1395
Your brain was built to fool you. A neurologist's method for thinking clearly anyway.
4.23
1k+
🧠 Cognitive Biases🤔 Critical Thinking🔬 Scientific Skepticism
ذهن فریبکار شما Summary
ذهن فریبکار شما 88%
Your brain was built to fool you. A neurologist's method for thinking clearly anyway.
by Steven Novella 1395
4.23
1k+ ratings
🧠 Cognitive Biases🤔 Critical Thinking🔬 Scientific Skepticism
Being Logical
by D.Q. McInerny • 2004
Spot fallacies, build arguments, and keep your own mind honest: logic for everyday life.
3.75
2k+
🧠 Critical Thinking⚠️ Logical Fallacies💬 Argumentation
Being Logical Summary
Being Logical 88%
Spot fallacies, build arguments, and keep your own mind honest: logic for everyday life.
by D.Q. McInerny 2004
3.75
2k+ ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking⚠️ Logical Fallacies💬 Argumentation
Calling Bullshit
by Carl T. Bergstrom • 2020
Numbers and algorithms are the new bullshit. Two scientists hand you the detection kit.
4.10
5k+
🧠 Critical Thinking📊 Data Literacy📰 Media Literacy
Calling Bullshit Summary
Calling Bullshit 88%
Numbers and algorithms are the new bullshit. Two scientists hand you the detection kit.
by Carl T. Bergstrom 2020
4.10
5k+ ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking📊 Data Literacy📰 Media Literacy
A Field Guide to Lies and Statistics
by Daniel J. Levitin • 2016
How to spot the tricks in any graph, survey, or news report before they fool you.
3.76
5k+
🔍 Information Literacy💡 Critical Thinking🤔 Cognitive Biases
A Field Guide to Lies and Statistics Summary
A Field Guide to Lies and Statistics 88%
How to spot the tricks in any graph, survey, or news report before they fool you.
by Daniel J. Levitin 2016
3.76
5k+ ratings
🔍 Information Literacy💡 Critical Thinking🤔 Cognitive Biases
The Craft of Research
by Wayne C. Booth • 1995
Finding a question worth fighting over, then building the case your reader cannot walk away from.
3.92
4k+
📝 Academic Writing🔬 Research Methods🧩 Argumentation
The Craft of Research Summary
The Craft of Research 88%
Finding a question worth fighting over, then building the case your reader cannot walk away from.
by Wayne C. Booth 1995
3.92
4k+ ratings
📝 Academic Writing🔬 Research Methods🧩 Argumentation
Ending Medical Reversal
by Vinayak K. Prasad • 2015
Why standard medical treatments from stents to hormone therapy keep getting overturned.
4.36
407
📊 Evidence-Based Medicine🧪 Clinical Trials🔍 Overdiagnosis
Ending Medical Reversal Summary
Ending Medical Reversal 88%
Why standard medical treatments from stents to hormone therapy keep getting overturned.
by Vinayak K. Prasad 2015
4.36
407 ratings
📊 Evidence-Based Medicine🧪 Clinical Trials🔍 Overdiagnosis
Critical Thinking
by Tom Chatfield • 2017
Between a bad argument and a good decision sits one trainable skill most schools never teach.
4.07
230
🧩 Informal Logic⚠️ Logical Fallacies🧠 Cognitive Biases
Critical Thinking Summary
Critical Thinking 88%
Between a bad argument and a good decision sits one trainable skill most schools never teach.
by Tom Chatfield 2017
4.07
230 ratings
🧩 Informal Logic⚠️ Logical Fallacies🧠 Cognitive Biases
Do You Believe in Magic?
by Paul A. Offit • 2013
A billion-dollar industry runs on loopholes, hope, and the placebo effect, not science.
4.11
3k+
🧪 Alternative Medicine Critique🩺 Evidence-Based Medicine🦆 Medical Quackery
Do You Believe in Magic? Summary
Do You Believe in Magic? 88%
A billion-dollar industry runs on loopholes, hope, and the placebo effect, not science.
by Paul A. Offit 2013
4.11
3k+ ratings
🧪 Alternative Medicine Critique🩺 Evidence-Based Medicine🦆 Medical Quackery
Good Thinking
by David Robert Grimes • 2021
Bad logic corrupts medicine, politics, and media. A physicist shows how to spot it.
4.29
312
🧠 Cognitive Biases⚖️ Logical Fallacies🔬 Scientific Skepticism
Good Thinking Summary
Good Thinking 88%
Bad logic corrupts medicine, politics, and media. A physicist shows how to spot it.
by David Robert Grimes 2021
4.29
312 ratings
🧠 Cognitive Biases⚖️ Logical Fallacies🔬 Scientific Skepticism
Preface to Shakespeare
by Samuel Johnson • 1778
Why Shakespeare's greatness survives his flaws: Samuel Johnson's landmark verdict from 1778.
3.62
376
🎭 Shakespeare Criticism🏛️ Neoclassical Criticism⚖️ Taste And Judgment
Preface to Shakespeare Summary
Preface to Shakespeare 88%
Why Shakespeare's greatness survives his flaws: Samuel Johnson's landmark verdict from 1778.
by Samuel Johnson 1778
3.62
376 ratings
🎭 Shakespeare Criticism🏛️ Neoclassical Criticism⚖️ Taste And Judgment
Think!
by Michael R. LeGault • 2006
Gut feelings are not wisdom. A defense of slow reason in a culture that worships intuition.
3.1
519
🧠 Critical Thinking🏛️ Cultural Criticism📊 Evidence-Based Thinking
Think! Summary
Think! 88%
Gut feelings are not wisdom. A defense of slow reason in a culture that worships intuition.
by Michael R. LeGault 2006
3.1
519 ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking🏛️ Cultural Criticism📊 Evidence-Based Thinking
Spoilt Rotten
by dalrymple-theodore • 2010
Sentiment now governs law, schools, and foreign aid. The cruelty that follows is no accident.
3.96
1k+
🏛️ Cultural Criticism🗣️ Political Polemics🔍 Rational Inquiry
Spoilt Rotten Summary
Spoilt Rotten 88%
Sentiment now governs law, schools, and foreign aid. The cruelty that follows is no accident.
by dalrymple-theodore 2010
3.96
1k+ ratings
🏛️ Cultural Criticism🗣️ Political Polemics🔍 Rational Inquiry
The News
by Alain de Botton • 2014
Modern news breeds panic and distraction. A humanistic guide to staying sane amid the headlines.
3.58
3k+
📰 Media Criticism🧠 Media Literacy⚠️ Negativity Bias
The News Summary
The News 88%
Modern news breeds panic and distraction. A humanistic guide to staying sane amid the headlines.
by Alain de Botton 2014
3.58
3k+ ratings
📰 Media Criticism🧠 Media Literacy⚠️ Negativity Bias
How to Think About Weird Things
by Theodore Schick Jr. • 1994
A method for evaluating any extraordinary claim, from alien abductions to miracle cures.
3.97
633
🔬 Scientific Skepticism👻 Paranormal Claims🪤 Logical Fallacies
How to Think About Weird Things Summary
How to Think About Weird Things 88%
A method for evaluating any extraordinary claim, from alien abductions to miracle cures.
by Theodore Schick Jr. 1994
3.97
633 ratings
🔬 Scientific Skepticism👻 Paranormal Claims🪤 Logical Fallacies
Critical Thinking
by Jonathan Haber • 2020
Critical thinking takes three things. Most people stop at one.
3.59
556
🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Argument Analysis🧩 Cognitive Biases
Critical Thinking Summary
Critical Thinking 88%
Critical thinking takes three things. Most people stop at one.
by Jonathan Haber 2020
3.59
556 ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Argument Analysis🧩 Cognitive Biases
Monsters
by Claire Dederer • 2023
Our favorite art was made by awful people. A critic's personal, unresolved struggle with that fact.
3.68
23k+
🎨 Art Criticism🗣️ Cultural Criticism📝 Essay Collections
Monsters Summary
Monsters 88%
Our favorite art was made by awful people. A critic's personal, unresolved struggle with that fact.
by Claire Dederer 2023
3.68
23k+ ratings
🎨 Art Criticism🗣️ Cultural Criticism📝 Essay Collections
Attacking Faulty Reasoning
by T. Edward Damer • 1980
Every bad argument breaks a specific rule. Spot the rule, and the response becomes clear.
3.99
208
🧠 Informal Logic⚠️ Logical Fallacies🔍 Argument Evaluation
Attacking Faulty Reasoning Summary
Attacking Faulty Reasoning 88%
Every bad argument breaks a specific rule. Spot the rule, and the response becomes clear.
by T. Edward Damer 1980
3.99
208 ratings
🧠 Informal Logic⚠️ Logical Fallacies🔍 Argument Evaluation
The Joy of Science
by Jim Al-Khalili • 2022
Spot falsehoods, change your mind, and find wonder: the scientific method applied to daily life.
3.60
624
🔬 Scientific Thinking🧠 Cognitive Biases📰 Misinformation
The Joy of Science Summary
The Joy of Science 88%
Spot falsehoods, change your mind, and find wonder: the scientific method applied to daily life.
by Jim Al-Khalili 2022
3.60
624 ratings
🔬 Scientific Thinking🧠 Cognitive Biases📰 Misinformation
A Few Lessons from Sherlock Holmes
by Peter Bevelin • 2013
The observation and reasoning tools Holmes used to solve impossible crimes, for everyday thinking.
3.63
541
🧠 Critical Thinking🎭 Cognitive Biases🧱 Mental Models
A Few Lessons from Sherlock Holmes Summary
A Few Lessons from Sherlock Holmes 88%
The observation and reasoning tools Holmes used to solve impossible crimes, for everyday thinking.
by Peter Bevelin 2013
3.63
541 ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking🎭 Cognitive Biases🧱 Mental Models
50 Popular Beliefs That People Think Are True
by Guy P. Harrison • 2011
Fifty beliefs debunked, one thinking habit learned: how to spot pseudoscience before it fools you.
3.61
1k+
🔍 Modern Skepticism🧠 Cognitive Biases🤔 Critical Thinking
50 Popular Beliefs That People Think Are True Summary
50 Popular Beliefs That People Think Are True 88%
Fifty beliefs debunked, one thinking habit learned: how to spot pseudoscience before it fools you.
by Guy P. Harrison 2011
3.61
1k+ ratings
🔍 Modern Skepticism🧠 Cognitive Biases🤔 Critical Thinking
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
by Walter Benjamin • 1936
Why does a perfect copy feel less real? Benjamin's answer upends art and politics.
4.08
25k+
🏛️ Critical Theory🏭 Frankfurt School⚒️ Marxist Aesthetics
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction Summary
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction 88%
Why does a perfect copy feel less real? Benjamin's answer upends art and politics.
by Walter Benjamin 1936
4.08
25k+ ratings
🏛️ Critical Theory🏭 Frankfurt School⚒️ Marxist Aesthetics
30 Days to Better Thinking and Better Living Through Critical Thinking
by Linda Elder • 2012
Thirty days to spot the biases running your mind and untangle the assumptions you never question.
3.63
172
🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Cognitive Biases🤲 Intellectual Humility
30 Days to Better Thinking and Better Living Through Critical Thinking Summary
30 Days to Better Thinking and Better Living Through Critical Thinking 88%
Thirty days to spot the biases running your mind and untangle the assumptions you never question.
by Linda Elder 2012
3.63
172 ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Cognitive Biases🤲 Intellectual Humility
Limits to Medicine
by Ivan Illich • 1974
Modern medicine has itself become an epidemic. The cure is not more treatment but less.
4.04
612
🩺 Medical Criticism💊 Medicalization🏗️ Social Construction Of Illness
Limits to Medicine Summary
Limits to Medicine 88%
Modern medicine has itself become an epidemic. The cure is not more treatment but less.
by Ivan Illich 1974
4.04
612 ratings
🩺 Medical Criticism💊 Medicalization🏗️ Social Construction Of Illness
The Miniature Guide to the Art of Asking Essential Questions
by Richard Paul • 2002
Most people answer. Thinkers question. A compact system for digging past the surface of any subject.
4.09
128
🧠 Critical Thinking❓ Question Formulation🏛️ Socratic Method
The Miniature Guide to the Art of Asking Essential Questions Summary
The Miniature Guide to the Art of Asking Essential Questions 88%
Most people answer. Thinkers question. A compact system for digging past the surface of any subject.
by Richard Paul 2002
4.09
128 ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking❓ Question Formulation🏛️ Socratic Method
A Survival Guide to the Misinformation Age
by David J. Helfand • 2016
Mental tools from science that let you gut-check any claim yourself, no search engine required.
3.71
220
🧪 Scientific Literacy🔍 Misinformation Defense🔢 Quantitative Reasoning
A Survival Guide to the Misinformation Age Summary
A Survival Guide to the Misinformation Age 87%
Mental tools from science that let you gut-check any claim yourself, no search engine required.
by David J. Helfand 2016
3.71
220 ratings
🧪 Scientific Literacy🔍 Misinformation Defense🔢 Quantitative Reasoning
Mastering Logical Fallacies
by Michael Withey • 2016
The patterns behind every bad argument you have ever lost to, named and disarmed.
3.69
775
💡 Critical Thinking🔍 Logical Fallacies🧩 Cognitive Biases
Mastering Logical Fallacies Summary
Mastering Logical Fallacies 87%
The patterns behind every bad argument you have ever lost to, named and disarmed.
by Michael Withey 2016
3.69
775 ratings
💡 Critical Thinking🔍 Logical Fallacies🧩 Cognitive Biases
The Crisis of Narration
by Byung-Chul Han • 2023
We drown in information but starve for stories. A philosophy of what happens when narration dies.
3.91
3k+
🏛️ Continental Philosophy📰 Cultural Criticism🔍 Critical Theory
The Crisis of Narration Summary
The Crisis of Narration 87%
We drown in information but starve for stories. A philosophy of what happens when narration dies.
by Byung-Chul Han 2023
3.91
3k+ ratings
🏛️ Continental Philosophy📰 Cultural Criticism🔍 Critical Theory
A History of India, Vol. 1
by Romila Thapar • 1990
How a 1999 sci-fi film exposed the simulation we were already living in.
3.63
2k+
🎬 Film Criticism📖 Cultural Theory🏛️ Postmodernism
A History of India, Vol. 1 Summary
A History of India, Vol. 1 87%
How a 1999 sci-fi film exposed the simulation we were already living in.
by Romila Thapar 1990
3.63
2k+ ratings
🎬 Film Criticism📖 Cultural Theory🏛️ Postmodernism
Critical Thinking
by Sharon Kaye • 2009
Spot bad arguments, build sound ones: a beginner's course in the logic most people skip.
3.65
110
🧠 Critical Thinking🗣️ Argumentation🔍 Informal Fallacies
Critical Thinking Summary
Critical Thinking 87%
Spot bad arguments, build sound ones: a beginner's course in the logic most people skip.
by Sharon Kaye 2009
3.65
110 ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking🗣️ Argumentation🔍 Informal Fallacies
Aspects of the Novel
by E.M. Forster • 1927
A novelist dismantles fiction into its working parts: story, plot, and the characters who breathe.
3.80
5k+
🛠️ Novel Craft🎭 Character Development🏗️ Narrative Structure
Aspects of the Novel Summary
Aspects of the Novel 87%
A novelist dismantles fiction into its working parts: story, plot, and the characters who breathe.
by E.M. Forster 1927
3.80
5k+ ratings
🛠️ Novel Craft🎭 Character Development🏗️ Narrative Structure
So lügt man mit Statistik
by Walter Krämer • 1991
Precision, percentages, and pretty charts: a catalog of ways statistics are rigged to mislead you.
3.74
136
📊 Statistical Literacy🎭 Data Manipulation🧠 Cognitive Biases
So lügt man mit Statistik Summary
So lügt man mit Statistik 87%
Precision, percentages, and pretty charts: a catalog of ways statistics are rigged to mislead you.
by Walter Krämer 1991
3.74
136 ratings
📊 Statistical Literacy🎭 Data Manipulation🧠 Cognitive Biases
Logically Fallacious
by Bo Bennett • 2012
A catalog of 300+ reasoning errors, with techniques to catch them in everyday arguments.
3.85
613
🚩 Logical Fallacies🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Cognitive Biases
Logically Fallacious Summary
Logically Fallacious 87%
A catalog of 300+ reasoning errors, with techniques to catch them in everyday arguments.
by Bo Bennett 2012
3.85
613 ratings
🚩 Logical Fallacies🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Cognitive Biases
Saving Leonardo
by Nancy R. Pearcey • 2010
Science claims truth, religion gets feelings. How that split remade art, ethics, and the self.
4.32
1k+
🛡️ Cultural Apologetics🔭 Worldview Analysis🏙️ Secularism
Saving Leonardo Summary
Saving Leonardo 87%
Science claims truth, religion gets feelings. How that split remade art, ethics, and the self.
by Nancy R. Pearcey 2010
4.32
1k+ ratings
🛡️ Cultural Apologetics🔭 Worldview Analysis🏙️ Secularism
Think Again
by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong • 2018
Turn arguments from fights into tools: spot the fallacies, build sound cases, refute with civility.
3.34
603
🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Informal Logic🪞 Cognitive Biases
Think Again Summary
Think Again 87%
Turn arguments from fights into tools: spot the fallacies, build sound cases, refute with civility.
by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong 2018
3.34
603 ratings
🧠 Critical Thinking🔍 Informal Logic🪞 Cognitive Biases
Proof
by Adam Kucharski • 2025
Math proves, courts weigh odds, science disproves. Three logics of truth, one costly confusion.
3.79
340
🧠 Epistemology🔬 Philosophy Of Science🧩 Cognitive Biases
Proof Summary
Proof 87%
Math proves, courts weigh odds, science disproves. Three logics of truth, one costly confusion.
by Adam Kucharski 2025
3.79
340 ratings
🧠 Epistemology🔬 Philosophy Of Science🧩 Cognitive Biases
Snake Oil Science
by R. Barker Bausell • 2007
The pain relief is real; the needle is a prop. How placebo explains alternative medicine.
4.01
346
🧐 Alternative Medicine Skepticism💊 Placebo Effect🔬 Clinical Trial Design
Snake Oil Science Summary
Snake Oil Science 87%
The pain relief is real; the needle is a prop. How placebo explains alternative medicine.
by R. Barker Bausell 2007
4.01
346 ratings
🧐 Alternative Medicine Skepticism💊 Placebo Effect🔬 Clinical Trial Design
The Strength to Dream
by Colin Wilson • 1962
The crisis of modern literature is a failure of imagination, and the cost is human freedom.
3.93
123
📝 Literary Criticism🎨 Philosophy Of Art🧠 Existentialism
The Strength to Dream Summary
The Strength to Dream 87%
The crisis of modern literature is a failure of imagination, and the cost is human freedom.
by Colin Wilson 1962
3.93
123 ratings
📝 Literary Criticism🎨 Philosophy Of Art🧠 Existentialism
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⭐
⭐
⭐
We have a special gift for you
Open
38% OFF
DISCOUNT FOR YOU
⭐
⭐
⭐
$79.99
$49.99/year
only $4.16 per month
Continue
2 taps to start, super easy to cancel