重点摘要
1. 游泳70%是技术,30%是体能:首先掌握效率
“体能是在你练习良好技术时自然发生的。”
效率胜过努力。 在游泳中,与许多其他运动不同,技术比原始体能起着更重要的作用。全浸法强调在专注于建立耐力或速度之前,先掌握高效的动作。这种方法使游泳者能够以更少的努力覆盖更大的距离,并在不必更努力工作的情况下实现更快的时间。
以技术为中心的练习带来多重好处:
- 减少能量消耗
- 在不增加努力的情况下提高速度
- 改善游泳的乐趣
- 技能发展的更快进展
通过优先考虑技术,游泳者可以突破瓶颈,并在传统的体能优先方法下停滞不前的情况下继续改进。这一原则适用于所有水平的游泳者,从初学者到竞技运动员。
2. 平衡和身体位置是高效游泳的基础
“将你的浮力压入水中,水会反作用。”
首先掌握平衡。 在水中实现适当的平衡是高效游泳的基础。人体天生并不设计成水平漂浮,因此游泳者必须学会有效地分配体重以保持流线型姿势。
游泳中平衡的关键要素:
- “压浮力”:利用肺部的浮力抬高臀部
- 保持头部与脊柱对齐
- 保持水平的身体姿势
- 利用水的支撑来减少努力
通过掌握平衡,游泳者可以显著减少阻力和能量消耗。这使他们能够专注于推进和速度,而不是不断地努力保持漂浮。诸如仰浮和侧滑等练习有助于发展这一关键技能。
3. 流线型和减少阻力显著提高速度
“更长的船更快。更长的身体也是。”
减少阻力以增加速度。 通过使身体流线型以减少阻力,是在不消耗更多能量的情况下游得更快的最有效方法之一。通过在水中采用更长、更具流体动力学的形状,游泳者可以显著提高效率和速度。
减少阻力的策略:
- 在划水时将身体伸展到最大长度
- 旋转身体以减少正面表面积
- 每次划水时干净地入水
- 保持中立的头部位置
理解和应用这些原则可以显著提高游泳表现。即使是小幅度的阻力减少,也可以在更长的距离上转化为显著的速度和效率提升。
4. 核心身体旋转,而非手臂力量,驱动高效游泳
“如果你的身体是一艘摩托艇,你的引擎在你的臀部。你的手实际上只是螺旋桨叶片的尖端。”
从核心发力。 与普遍看法相反,高效游泳更多依赖于核心身体旋转而非手臂力量。通过每次划水时旋转身体,游泳者可以从更大的肌肉群中产生力量,并减少肩膀和手臂的压力。
核心驱动游泳的好处:
- 增加力量和效率
- 减少肩部受伤的风险
- 提高耐力
- 更自然、流畅的动作
学习从臀部和核心而不是手臂开始每次划水,使游泳者能够以更少的努力保持速度。这种技术还帮助防止手臂“过度伸展”的常见问题,这可能导致效率低下和受伤。
5. 有意识地练习技巧发展肌肉记忆以提高技术
“技巧练习绕过了所有那些模糊的翻译。它们简化并加速了学习过程。从一开始,你就教会你的身体在游得好的时候应该是什么感觉。”
有目的地练习。 有意识地重复特定的技巧是发展正确游泳技术的关键。这些技巧将游泳的复杂动作分解成更简单、更易管理的部分,使游泳者能够专注于划水的各个方面。
有效的技巧练习包括:
- 一次专注于一个技能或动作
- 注意来自水的感觉和反馈
- 随着技能的提高逐渐增加复杂性
- 在技巧练习和全程游泳之间交替
通过一致且有意识地练习技巧,游泳者可以发展高效动作的肌肉记忆。这种方法导致更自然、轻松的游泳,并允许随着时间的推移不断改进。
6. 呼吸技巧:滚动呼吸,不要抬头
“当你滚动头部、颈部和躯干作为一个整体时,保持一切连接和对齐。”
用身体呼吸。 正确的呼吸技巧对于在水中保持平衡和效率至关重要。与抬头呼吸(会破坏身体位置并增加阻力)不同,游泳者应学会将整个身体滚向一侧。
高效呼吸的关键方面:
- 沿长轴旋转身体
- 保持一个护目镜在水中
- 在水下持续呼气
- 将呼吸与划水的自然节奏相结合
通过将呼吸整合到整体身体旋转中,游泳者可以保持流线型姿势并减少能量消耗。这种技术还促进了更放松、可持续的游泳风格,特别是在更长的距离上。
7. 间歇训练同时提高技术和体能
“全浸法的间歇训练与你可能习惯的有些不同。”
聪明的间歇训练提高技术和体能。 全浸法中的间歇训练专注于在逐渐建立耐力和速度的同时保持良好的技术。这种方法使游泳者能够在各种条件和强度下发展他们的技能。
有效的间歇训练策略:
- 变化间歇的长度和强度
- 在更快的游泳中专注于保持划水效率
- 利用休息时间评估和调整技术
- 随着技能的提高逐渐增加挑战
通过将深思熟虑的间歇训练纳入练习,游泳者可以同时提高技术和体能。这种平衡的方法导致更可持续的改进,并减少在疲劳状态下形成不良习惯的风险。
8. 开放水域游泳需要特定的准备和策略
“没有线引导你,没有底部可见,没有附近的墙壁提供舒适?你必须找到浮标以免迷路,可能还有波浪要对抗,谁知道水中还有什么,除了游泳者?”
为环境做好准备。 与泳池游泳相比,开放水域游泳提出了独特的挑战。游泳者必须调整他们的技术并发展新技能,以在自然水体中有效导航和表现。
开放水域游泳的关键考虑因素:
- 保持方向的技巧
- 适应波浪和水流
- 管理温度变化
- 跟随其他游泳者
- 安全预防措施和设备
针对开放水域条件的特定训练,如练习保持方向和群体游泳,可以大大提高表现和安全性。游泳者还应专注于发展一种放松、可持续的划水方式,以便在更长的距离上保持。
9. 预防受伤:关注肩部健康和功能性力量
“游泳者的肩膀”在游泳者中很常见,因为“人类游泳者”本能地试图用力划水,而不是锚定手并让核心身体做大部分工作。”
保护你的肩膀。 游泳的重复性动作可能导致过度使用伤害,特别是在肩部。通过专注于正确的技术和补充力量训练,游泳者可以减少受伤风险并提高整体表现。
预防受伤的策略:
- 发展核心力量以支持高效游泳
- 进行肩部特定的练习以提高稳定性
- 练习正确的技术以减少关节压力
- 融入交叉训练活动以实现平衡的体能
定期关注预防受伤和整体身体调理可以帮助游泳者保持健康,并在长期内继续改进。这种整体的游泳体能方法有助于运动表现和运动寿命。
10. 大师游泳为所有水平的游泳者提供机会
“不要被‘大师’这个词吓到。它并不像你想的那样。”
加入社区。 大师游泳项目为各个能力水平的成人游泳者提供结构化的训练和比赛机会。这些项目提供了一个支持性的环境,以提高技术、体能和游泳的乐趣。
大师游泳的好处:
- 获得教练指导的训练和技术指导
- 社交互动和激励的机会
- 为有兴趣的人提供结构化的比赛
- 为终身体能和技能发展提供平台
参与大师项目可以大大增强游泳者的进步和对这项运动的享受。这些项目的包容性使其对所有水平的游泳者都可及,从初学者到前竞技运动员。
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FAQ
What's Total Immersion about?
- Revolutionary Approach: Total Immersion by Terry Laughlin introduces a new way to swim that focuses on efficiency and enjoyment rather than just strength and endurance.
- Fishlike Swimming Method: It teaches swimmers to emulate the natural movements of fish, emphasizing balance, streamlining, and fluidity.
- Mindful Practice: The book promotes a mindful approach to swimming, similar to yoga or tai chi, where mastering technique and enjoying the process are key.
Why should I read Total Immersion by Terry Laughlin?
- Improvement for All Levels: Whether you're a beginner or an experienced swimmer, the book offers insights to improve your swimming technique and enjoyment.
- Transformative Experience: Readers have reported significant improvements in swimming efficiency and comfort, making it a valuable resource for skill enhancement.
- Unique Perspective: It challenges traditional swim training methods, prioritizing technique over brute strength for a fresh perspective.
What are the key takeaways of Total Immersion?
- Technique Over Strength: The book emphasizes that 70% of swim speed comes from stroke mechanics, highlighting the importance of technique.
- Mindful Practice: It advocates for practicing swimming as a skill sport, where fitness naturally improves with good technique.
- Balance and Streamlining: Key concepts include achieving balance in the water and reducing drag by maintaining a streamlined body position.
What is the Total Immersion method?
- Fishlike Swimming: The method teaches swimmers to adopt a "Fishlike" approach, focusing on balance, streamlining, and fluid movements.
- Mindful Practice: It encourages practicing with intention, emphasizing understanding each movement rather than just going through the motions.
- Skill Drills: Incorporates specific drills to break down the swimming stroke into manageable parts for easier learning and mastery.
How does Total Immersion differ from traditional swim training?
- Technique First: Unlike traditional methods that prioritize endurance and strength, Total Immersion focuses on mastering technique as the foundation.
- Mind-Body Connection: Promotes a mindful approach, encouraging a deeper connection with movements and the water.
- Less Emphasis on Laps: Advocates for mastering flow and eliminating struggle before focusing on muscle power, suggesting fewer, more purposeful laps.
How does Total Immersion address the concept of drag?
- Understanding Drag: Explains that drag is the resistance swimmers face in the water, and reducing it is key to efficiency.
- Streamlined Position: Teaches techniques to achieve a streamlined position, minimizing drag for smoother movement.
- Practical Drills: Provides specific drills to help swimmers maintain a low-drag position, such as Skating and ZipperSwitch.
What are the benefits of mindful swimming as described in Total Immersion?
- Enhanced Focus: Encourages swimmers to concentrate on movements, leading to greater awareness and improved technique.
- Flow State Experience: Discusses achieving a "Flow State," where swimmers feel engaged and in control, enhancing enjoyment.
- Long-term Improvement: Mindful practice helps develop lasting habits that contribute to long-term success and satisfaction.
How can I apply the Total Immersion techniques to my swimming?
- Start with Drills: Begin by practicing specific skill drills to develop a strong foundation in balance and technique.
- Focus on Feel: Pay attention to how each movement feels, aiming to internalize the sensations of efficient swimming.
- Gradual Integration: As you become comfortable with the drills, integrate them into your full stroke, maintaining focus on technique.
What are some effective drills mentioned in Total Immersion?
- ZipperSkate Drill: Focuses on achieving balance and a streamlined position, helping to reduce drag.
- UnderSwitch Drill: Emphasizes body rotation and maintaining a low-drag position while breathing.
- Triple ZipperSwitch Drill: An advanced drill that integrates multiple skills, promoting fluid movement and efficiency.
How does Total Immersion suggest improving breathing technique?
- Bilateral Breathing Practice: Emphasizes practicing bilateral breathing for comfort and adaptability in various conditions.
- Drills for Breath Control: Recommends drills like ZipperSkate to learn breathing without disrupting stroke rhythm.
- Focus on Rolling to Air: Teaches rolling the body to breathe rather than lifting the head, maintaining a streamlined position.
What role does recovery play in the Total Immersion training approach?
- Essential for Improvement: Highlights that recovery is crucial for allowing the body to adapt and improve.
- Structured Rest Intervals: Recommends incorporating rest intervals into training to prevent fatigue and maintain technique quality.
- Mindful Recovery Practices: Encourages using recovery periods to reflect on technique and prepare mentally for the next set.
What are the best quotes from Total Immersion and what do they mean?
- “Fitness is something that happens to you while you’re practicing good technique.”: Emphasizes that focusing on technique naturally leads to improved fitness.
- “Practice makes permanent.”: Highlights the importance of consistently practicing the right techniques to avoid ingraining bad habits.
- “Swim as well as you drill.”: Encourages maintaining the same level of technique in whole-stroke swimming as in drills for consistent improvement.
评论
《完全沉浸》因其有效的游泳技巧而广受好评,强调效率和正念。读者们赞赏书中详细的训练和解释,尽管有些人觉得书内容重复且缺乏视觉效果。许多人报告说他们的游泳水平有显著提高,从初学者到有经验的游泳者都有所受益。该方法因其注重技巧而非体能而受到赞扬。一些人批评这本书内容冗长且营销成分过重。总体而言,读者认为《完全沉浸》方法具有革命性,尽管书本身可以更简洁并且有更好的插图。
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