重点摘要
1. 引人入胜的角色是伟大小说的基础
角色对于小说家来说,就像木材对于木匠,砖块对于砖匠。
创造立体角色。 发展具有复杂动机、冲突欲望和丰富内心生活的三维角色。通过赋予角色矛盾的特质和意想不到的品质,超越刻板印象。构建详细的角色传记,探索他们的生理、社会和心理维度。
确定角色的核心。 揭示每个角色的主导激情——驱动他们在整个故事中行动的核心动机。这种激情应植根于他们的背景故事,并影响他们的决策和冲突。角色应坚定且动机明确,在其既定特质的范围内最大限度地发挥作用。
- 引人入胜的角色示例:
- 《教父》中的迈克尔·柯里昂
- 《圣诞颂歌》中的斯克鲁奇
- 《包法利夫人》中的艾玛·包法利
2. 冲突推动故事并揭示角色
故事就是斗争。角色如何斗争揭示了他是谁。
创造多层次的冲突。 发展角色之间的外部冲突,以及角色自身内部的冲突。确保冲突势均力敌,各方对手都有明确的动机。利用冲突揭示角色特质,迫使他们做出艰难选择,并推动情节发展。
保持紧张感上升。 结构你的故事,使冲突升级,复杂性增加,给角色施加压力。避免静态或跳跃的冲突,通过让角色在面对不断增加的障碍时逐步变化来保持紧张感。创造一个“熔炉”,让角色在冲突中锁定,直到最终解决。
- 冲突类型:
- 人与人
- 人与自然
- 人与社会
- 人与自我
3. 强有力的前提是小说连贯的关键
写一个没有前提的故事就像划船没有桨。
发展明确的前提。 将你的前提表述为一个简洁的陈述,概括你的故事的核心冲突和转变。一个好的前提包含角色、冲突和结论。用你的前提作为情节发展和角色弧线的指导原则。
让前提塑造你的故事。 用你的前提来决定哪些场景、角色和子情节应该包括或排除。每个元素都应有助于证明前提。如果某些场景或角色不服务于故事的核心论点,要愿意舍弃它们。
- 强有力的前提示例:
- “贪婪导致自我毁灭”(《了不起的盖茨比》)
- “爱战胜一切”(《罗密欧与朱丽叶》)
- “权力导致腐败”(《动物农场》)
4. 通过结构和节奏掌握讲故事的艺术
故事是关于涉及有价值的人物角色的连贯事件的叙述,这些角色因这些事件而改变。
构建引人入胜的叙事弧线。 结构你的故事,明确开头、中间和结尾。从引发事件前不久开始,通过上升的行动发展冲突,达到高潮时刻,并提供令人满意的解决。使用步骤表来规划关键事件和角色发展。
控制节奏和紧张感。 通过交替场景、半场景和叙述总结来改变你的叙事节奏。直接切入冲突上升的场景以保持快节奏。使用预示来创造期待,并在必要但不那么戏剧性的段落中保持读者的兴趣。
- 故事结构的关键元素:
- 引发事件
- 上升的行动
- 高潮
- 下降的行动
- 解决
5. 视角和叙述声音塑造读者的体验
认同的魔力,是所有魔法中最伟大的。
选择合适的视角。 选择最适合你的故事和类型的叙述视角。考虑第一人称、第三人称有限、全知视角和客观视角的优缺点。利用视角控制读者对信息的访问,并与关键角色产生认同。
发展独特的叙述声音。 创造适合你的类型和故事的叙述声音。无论是使用“隐形”的第三人称叙述者,还是更具侵入性的第一人称声音,都要保持一致性,并利用声音增强读者对故事世界的体验。
- 视角选项:
- 第一人称
- 第三人称有限
- 全知视角
- 客观视角
6. 创作动态对话和感官文字
好的对话应该充满冲突、间接、聪明和生动。
写出引人入胜的对话。 创作揭示角色、推进情节并保持冲突的对话。避免直白的交流,倾向于潜台词和间接表达。赋予每个角色独特的声音和说话方式。尽可能通过对话展示而不是叙述。
描绘生动的文字画面。 运用感官细节和比喻语言使你的场景栩栩如生。调动五感进行描述。使用具体、明确的语言,而不是模糊的概括。运用隐喻和明喻等诗意手法,但避免过于华丽的辞藻或混乱的比喻。
- 动态文字的技巧:
- 具体且明确
- 调动所有感官
- 使用新颖的隐喻和明喻
- 变化句子结构和节奏
7. 重写是魔法发生的地方
只有作家知道如何重写。正是这种能力将业余爱好者变成专业人士。
接受修订。 认识到初稿很少是可出版的,写作的真正工作在于修订。培养客观审视自己作品的能力,找出需要改进的地方。愿意对情节、角色和文字进行重大修改,以增强你的故事。
寻求建设性反馈。 加入作家小组或找到能提供诚实、批判性反馈的测试读者。学会将自己与作品分开,接受批评而不防御。利用反馈找出写作中的盲点,并指导你的修订过程。
- 有效修订的步骤:
- 让手稿休息
- 用新眼光阅读
- 分析结构和节奏
- 深化角色塑造
- 紧凑文字
- 打磨对话
- 确保一致性
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FAQ
What's "How to Write a Damn Good Novel" about?
- Comprehensive guide: The book is a step-by-step guide to writing a dramatic novel, focusing on creating compelling characters and engaging plots.
- Dramatic storytelling: It emphasizes the importance of drama in novels, using examples from classic literature to illustrate key points.
- Practical advice: The author, James N. Frey, provides practical advice on various aspects of novel writing, from character development to rewriting.
- Target audience: It is aimed at both aspiring and experienced writers who want to improve their storytelling skills.
Why should I read "How to Write a Damn Good Novel"?
- Improve writing skills: The book offers valuable insights and techniques to enhance your novel-writing abilities.
- Structured approach: It provides a structured approach to writing, making it easier to tackle the complex task of novel creation.
- Proven methods: The advice is based on tried-and-tested methods used by successful authors.
- Inspiration and motivation: Reading the book can inspire and motivate you to start or continue writing your novel.
What are the key takeaways of "How to Write a Damn Good Novel"?
- Character importance: Creating vivid, well-rounded characters is crucial for a compelling novel.
- Conflict is essential: The three greatest rules of dramatic writing are conflict, conflict, and conflict.
- Premise is key: A strong premise guides the story and ensures it has a clear direction and purpose.
- Rewriting is vital: The process of rewriting is essential to refine and perfect your novel.
How does James N. Frey define a "premise" in novel writing?
- Core of the story: The premise is the central idea or theme that the novel seeks to prove or explore.
- Guides the narrative: It serves as a guiding principle for the story, helping to maintain focus and coherence.
- Character, conflict, conclusion: A good premise includes elements of character, conflict, and conclusion.
- Specific to the story: The premise is not a universal truth but is specific to the particular story being told.
What is the significance of conflict in "How to Write a Damn Good Novel"?
- Driving force: Conflict is the driving force of a dramatic novel, bringing characters to life and engaging readers.
- Character development: It reveals character traits and motivations, allowing characters to grow and change.
- Types of conflict: The book discusses different types of conflict, including inner conflict and opposition between characters.
- Rising conflict: A well-structured novel features a slowly rising conflict that builds to a climax.
How does Frey suggest creating well-rounded characters?
- Three dimensions: Characters should have physiological, sociological, and psychological dimensions.
- Character biographies: Writing detailed biographies helps understand characters' motivations and behaviors.
- Ruling passion: Identify a character's ruling passion, which drives their actions and decisions.
- Avoid stereotypes: Create unique characters by avoiding clichés and combining unexpected traits.
What is the role of a stepsheet in novel writing according to Frey?
- Blueprint for the novel: A stepsheet is a detailed plan of the incidents in a story, serving as a blueprint for the novel.
- Ensures coherence: It helps maintain a logical sequence of events, ensuring the story flows smoothly.
- Tracks character growth: The stepsheet charts the development and growth of characters throughout the story.
- Flexible tool: While it provides structure, it can be adjusted as the story evolves during the writing process.
How does Frey recommend handling dialogue in a novel?
- Indirect dialogue: Characters should express their thoughts and desires indirectly, adding depth and interest.
- Conflict in dialogue: Dialogue should be in conflict, revealing character motivations and advancing the plot.
- Avoid clichés: Strive for fresh, colorful, and clever dialogue that reflects the character's personality.
- Rewriting dialogue: Dialogue often requires multiple revisions to achieve the desired impact and authenticity.
What are some of the best quotes from "How to Write a Damn Good Novel" and what do they mean?
- "Conflict! Conflict! Conflict!": This emphasizes the importance of conflict as the core element of dramatic storytelling.
- "Writing a story without a premise is like rowing a boat without oars.": Highlights the necessity of a clear premise to guide the narrative.
- "Characters are to a novelist what lumber is to a carpenter.": Stresses the fundamental role of characters in constructing a novel.
- "The climax is the last, for which the first was made.": Underlines the significance of building towards a powerful climax in the story.
How does Frey address the rewriting process in novel writing?
- Essential step: Rewriting is crucial for refining and perfecting the novel, turning a draft into a polished work.
- Objective evaluation: Writers must learn to evaluate their work objectively, identifying strengths and weaknesses.
- Ruthless editing: Be prepared to make significant changes, including cutting favorite scenes if necessary.
- Feedback and critique: Seek feedback from others, such as writers' groups, to gain different perspectives on the manuscript.
What is the "Zen of Novel Writing" according to Frey?
- Commitment and discipline: Becoming a novelist requires dedication, self-discipline, and a willingness to sacrifice time and energy.
- Overcoming challenges: Writers must persevere through challenges like writer's block and self-doubt.
- Regular writing schedule: Establishing a consistent writing routine is key to completing a novel.
- Focus on the craft: Success in novel writing comes from mastering the craft, not just relying on talent or inspiration.
How does Frey suggest dealing with writer's block?
- Identify the cause: Determine if the block is due to not knowing characters well enough, editing while writing, or fear of failure/success.
- Keep writing: Continue writing even if it's difficult, as persistence can help overcome the block.
- Interview characters: If characters are uncooperative, interview them to understand their motivations and actions better.
- Separate writing and editing: Avoid editing while drafting to maintain creative flow and prevent self-censorship.
评论
《如何写出一本好小说》评价褒贬不一。许多人称赞其在角色发展、冲突和叙事技巧方面的实用建议,认为对初学者很有帮助。批评者认为它过时且过于教条,一些人不同意弗雷的方法。读者欣赏书中引用的经典文学例子,尽管有些人认为这些例子与现代写作无关。书的语气既被描述为引人入胜,又让人反感。总体而言,它被视为有志小说家一个有用的起点,但不是一本权威指南。
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