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How to Write a Damn Good Novel

How to Write a Damn Good Novel

A Step-by-Step No Nonsense Guide to Dramatic Storytelling
作者 James N. Frey 1987 192 页数
3.87
2k+ 评分
6 分钟

重点摘要

1. 引人入胜的角色是伟大小说的基础

角色对于小说家来说,就像木材对于木匠,砖块对于砖匠。

创造立体角色。 发展具有复杂动机、冲突欲望和丰富内心生活的三维角色。通过赋予角色矛盾的特质和意想不到的品质,超越刻板印象。构建详细的角色传记,探索他们的生理、社会和心理维度。

确定角色的核心。 揭示每个角色的主导激情——驱动他们在整个故事中行动的核心动机。这种激情应植根于他们的背景故事,并影响他们的决策和冲突。角色应坚定且动机明确,在其既定特质的范围内最大限度地发挥作用。

  • 引人入胜的角色示例:
  • 《教父》中的迈克尔·柯里昂
  • 《圣诞颂歌》中的斯克鲁奇
  • 《包法利夫人》中的艾玛·包法利

2. 冲突推动故事并揭示角色

故事就是斗争。角色如何斗争揭示了他是谁。

创造多层次的冲突。 发展角色之间的外部冲突,以及角色自身内部的冲突。确保冲突势均力敌,各方对手都有明确的动机。利用冲突揭示角色特质,迫使他们做出艰难选择,并推动情节发展。

保持紧张感上升。 结构你的故事,使冲突升级,复杂性增加,给角色施加压力。避免静态或跳跃的冲突,通过让角色在面对不断增加的障碍时逐步变化来保持紧张感。创造一个“熔炉”,让角色在冲突中锁定,直到最终解决。

  • 冲突类型:
  • 人与人
  • 人与自然
  • 人与社会
  • 人与自我

3. 强有力的前提是小说连贯的关键

写一个没有前提的故事就像划船没有桨。

发展明确的前提。 将你的前提表述为一个简洁的陈述,概括你的故事的核心冲突和转变。一个好的前提包含角色、冲突和结论。用你的前提作为情节发展和角色弧线的指导原则。

让前提塑造你的故事。 用你的前提来决定哪些场景、角色和子情节应该包括或排除。每个元素都应有助于证明前提。如果某些场景或角色不服务于故事的核心论点,要愿意舍弃它们。

  • 强有力的前提示例:
  • “贪婪导致自我毁灭”(《了不起的盖茨比》)
  • “爱战胜一切”(《罗密欧与朱丽叶》)
  • “权力导致腐败”(《动物农场》)

4. 通过结构和节奏掌握讲故事的艺术

故事是关于涉及有价值的人物角色的连贯事件的叙述,这些角色因这些事件而改变。

构建引人入胜的叙事弧线。 结构你的故事,明确开头、中间和结尾。从引发事件前不久开始,通过上升的行动发展冲突,达到高潮时刻,并提供令人满意的解决。使用步骤表来规划关键事件和角色发展。

控制节奏和紧张感。 通过交替场景、半场景和叙述总结来改变你的叙事节奏。直接切入冲突上升的场景以保持快节奏。使用预示来创造期待,并在必要但不那么戏剧性的段落中保持读者的兴趣。

  • 故事结构的关键元素:
  • 引发事件
  • 上升的行动
  • 高潮
  • 下降的行动
  • 解决

5. 视角和叙述声音塑造读者的体验

认同的魔力,是所有魔法中最伟大的。

选择合适的视角。 选择最适合你的故事和类型的叙述视角。考虑第一人称、第三人称有限、全知视角和客观视角的优缺点。利用视角控制读者对信息的访问,并与关键角色产生认同。

发展独特的叙述声音。 创造适合你的类型和故事的叙述声音。无论是使用“隐形”的第三人称叙述者,还是更具侵入性的第一人称声音,都要保持一致性,并利用声音增强读者对故事世界的体验。

  • 视角选项:
  • 第一人称
  • 第三人称有限
  • 全知视角
  • 客观视角

6. 创作动态对话和感官文字

好的对话应该充满冲突、间接、聪明和生动。

写出引人入胜的对话。 创作揭示角色、推进情节并保持冲突的对话。避免直白的交流,倾向于潜台词和间接表达。赋予每个角色独特的声音和说话方式。尽可能通过对话展示而不是叙述。

描绘生动的文字画面。 运用感官细节和比喻语言使你的场景栩栩如生。调动五感进行描述。使用具体、明确的语言,而不是模糊的概括。运用隐喻和明喻等诗意手法,但避免过于华丽的辞藻或混乱的比喻。

  • 动态文字的技巧:
  • 具体且明确
  • 调动所有感官
  • 使用新颖的隐喻和明喻
  • 变化句子结构和节奏

7. 重写是魔法发生的地方

只有作家知道如何重写。正是这种能力将业余爱好者变成专业人士。

接受修订。 认识到初稿很少是可出版的,写作的真正工作在于修订。培养客观审视自己作品的能力,找出需要改进的地方。愿意对情节、角色和文字进行重大修改,以增强你的故事。

寻求建设性反馈。 加入作家小组或找到能提供诚实、批判性反馈的测试读者。学会将自己与作品分开,接受批评而不防御。利用反馈找出写作中的盲点,并指导你的修订过程。

  • 有效修订的步骤:
  1. 让手稿休息
  2. 用新眼光阅读
  3. 分析结构和节奏
  4. 深化角色塑造
  5. 紧凑文字
  6. 打磨对话
  7. 确保一致性

最后更新日期:

FAQ

What's "How to Write a Damn Good Novel" about?

  • Comprehensive guide: The book is a step-by-step guide to writing a dramatic novel, focusing on creating compelling characters and engaging plots.
  • Dramatic storytelling: It emphasizes the importance of drama in novels, using examples from classic literature to illustrate key points.
  • Practical advice: The author, James N. Frey, provides practical advice on various aspects of novel writing, from character development to rewriting.
  • Target audience: It is aimed at both aspiring and experienced writers who want to improve their storytelling skills.

Why should I read "How to Write a Damn Good Novel"?

  • Improve writing skills: The book offers valuable insights and techniques to enhance your novel-writing abilities.
  • Structured approach: It provides a structured approach to writing, making it easier to tackle the complex task of novel creation.
  • Proven methods: The advice is based on tried-and-tested methods used by successful authors.
  • Inspiration and motivation: Reading the book can inspire and motivate you to start or continue writing your novel.

What are the key takeaways of "How to Write a Damn Good Novel"?

  • Character importance: Creating vivid, well-rounded characters is crucial for a compelling novel.
  • Conflict is essential: The three greatest rules of dramatic writing are conflict, conflict, and conflict.
  • Premise is key: A strong premise guides the story and ensures it has a clear direction and purpose.
  • Rewriting is vital: The process of rewriting is essential to refine and perfect your novel.

How does James N. Frey define a "premise" in novel writing?

  • Core of the story: The premise is the central idea or theme that the novel seeks to prove or explore.
  • Guides the narrative: It serves as a guiding principle for the story, helping to maintain focus and coherence.
  • Character, conflict, conclusion: A good premise includes elements of character, conflict, and conclusion.
  • Specific to the story: The premise is not a universal truth but is specific to the particular story being told.

What is the significance of conflict in "How to Write a Damn Good Novel"?

  • Driving force: Conflict is the driving force of a dramatic novel, bringing characters to life and engaging readers.
  • Character development: It reveals character traits and motivations, allowing characters to grow and change.
  • Types of conflict: The book discusses different types of conflict, including inner conflict and opposition between characters.
  • Rising conflict: A well-structured novel features a slowly rising conflict that builds to a climax.

How does Frey suggest creating well-rounded characters?

  • Three dimensions: Characters should have physiological, sociological, and psychological dimensions.
  • Character biographies: Writing detailed biographies helps understand characters' motivations and behaviors.
  • Ruling passion: Identify a character's ruling passion, which drives their actions and decisions.
  • Avoid stereotypes: Create unique characters by avoiding clichés and combining unexpected traits.

What is the role of a stepsheet in novel writing according to Frey?

  • Blueprint for the novel: A stepsheet is a detailed plan of the incidents in a story, serving as a blueprint for the novel.
  • Ensures coherence: It helps maintain a logical sequence of events, ensuring the story flows smoothly.
  • Tracks character growth: The stepsheet charts the development and growth of characters throughout the story.
  • Flexible tool: While it provides structure, it can be adjusted as the story evolves during the writing process.

How does Frey recommend handling dialogue in a novel?

  • Indirect dialogue: Characters should express their thoughts and desires indirectly, adding depth and interest.
  • Conflict in dialogue: Dialogue should be in conflict, revealing character motivations and advancing the plot.
  • Avoid clichés: Strive for fresh, colorful, and clever dialogue that reflects the character's personality.
  • Rewriting dialogue: Dialogue often requires multiple revisions to achieve the desired impact and authenticity.

What are some of the best quotes from "How to Write a Damn Good Novel" and what do they mean?

  • "Conflict! Conflict! Conflict!": This emphasizes the importance of conflict as the core element of dramatic storytelling.
  • "Writing a story without a premise is like rowing a boat without oars.": Highlights the necessity of a clear premise to guide the narrative.
  • "Characters are to a novelist what lumber is to a carpenter.": Stresses the fundamental role of characters in constructing a novel.
  • "The climax is the last, for which the first was made.": Underlines the significance of building towards a powerful climax in the story.

How does Frey address the rewriting process in novel writing?

  • Essential step: Rewriting is crucial for refining and perfecting the novel, turning a draft into a polished work.
  • Objective evaluation: Writers must learn to evaluate their work objectively, identifying strengths and weaknesses.
  • Ruthless editing: Be prepared to make significant changes, including cutting favorite scenes if necessary.
  • Feedback and critique: Seek feedback from others, such as writers' groups, to gain different perspectives on the manuscript.

What is the "Zen of Novel Writing" according to Frey?

  • Commitment and discipline: Becoming a novelist requires dedication, self-discipline, and a willingness to sacrifice time and energy.
  • Overcoming challenges: Writers must persevere through challenges like writer's block and self-doubt.
  • Regular writing schedule: Establishing a consistent writing routine is key to completing a novel.
  • Focus on the craft: Success in novel writing comes from mastering the craft, not just relying on talent or inspiration.

How does Frey suggest dealing with writer's block?

  • Identify the cause: Determine if the block is due to not knowing characters well enough, editing while writing, or fear of failure/success.
  • Keep writing: Continue writing even if it's difficult, as persistence can help overcome the block.
  • Interview characters: If characters are uncooperative, interview them to understand their motivations and actions better.
  • Separate writing and editing: Avoid editing while drafting to maintain creative flow and prevent self-censorship.

评论

3.87 满分 5
平均评分来自 2k+ 来自Goodreads和亚马逊的评分.

《如何写出一本好小说》评价褒贬不一。许多人称赞其在角色发展、冲突和叙事技巧方面的实用建议,认为对初学者很有帮助。批评者认为它过时且过于教条,一些人不同意弗雷的方法。读者欣赏书中引用的经典文学例子,尽管有些人认为这些例子与现代写作无关。书的语气既被描述为引人入胜,又让人反感。总体而言,它被视为有志小说家一个有用的起点,但不是一本权威指南。

Your rating:

关于作者

詹姆斯·N·弗雷是一位美国作家和创意写作导师,出生于1943年。他既写小说也写非小说类作品,其中最著名的作品是《如何写出一部该死的好小说》。弗雷撰写了多本关于写作技巧的书籍,同时也创作了小说和戏剧。他是学校和会议上的受人尊敬的讲师,并在1994年因其在加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的小说写作课程被评为年度荣誉教师。弗雷的写作教学方法注重实用的、一步一步的技巧,旨在帮助学生创作引人入胜的故事。他目前居住在加利福尼亚州的伯克利。

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