🌍 Continental Rationalism

The philosophical tradition of Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz, who argued that reason alone—not sensory experience—is the true foundation of knowledge.

Meditations on First Philosophy, with Selections from the Objections and Replies

by René Descartes • 1641

By the fire, he resolves to doubt everything, only to find a thought immune to doubt.

3.73

3k+

🗝️ Early Modern Philosophy 🧐 Philosophical Skepticism 🧠 Mind-Body Dualism

Meditations on First Philosophy, with Selections from the Objections and Replies Summary

Meditations on First Philosophy, with Selections from the Objections and Replies 93%

By the fire, he resolves to doubt everything, only to find a thought immune to doubt.

by René Descartes 1641

3.73

3k+ ratings

🗝️ Early Modern Philosophy 🧐 Philosophical Skepticism 🧠 Mind-Body Dualism

Meditations on First Philosophy

by René Descartes • 1641

An all-powerful deceiver could control every thought you have. Every thought, except one.

3.73

30k+

🔀 Cartesian Dualism 🧠 Rationalism 🤔 Skepticism

Meditations on First Philosophy 93%

An all-powerful deceiver could control every thought you have. Every thought, except one.

by René Descartes 1641

3.73

30k+ ratings

🔀 Cartesian Dualism 🧠 Rationalism 🤔 Skepticism

The Rise of Modern Philosophy

by Anthony Kenny • 2006

How consciousness replaced the soul, systems replaced commentary, and philosophy became modern.

3.84

274

🕰️ Early Modern Philosophy 📜 Intellectual History 🧠 Mind-Body Problem

The Rise of Modern Philosophy 93%

How consciousness replaced the soul, systems replaced commentary, and philosophy became modern.

by Anthony Kenny 2006

3.84

274 ratings

🕰️ Early Modern Philosophy 📜 Intellectual History 🧠 Mind-Body Problem

Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy

by René Descartes • 1999

Doubt all you know, arrive at the one truth you cannot deny, and build reality from there.

3.77

37k+

💭 Cartesian Philosophy 🤔 Epistemology ❓ Radical Skepticism

Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy Summary

Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy 93%

Doubt all you know, arrive at the one truth you cannot deny, and build reality from there.

by René Descartes 1999

3.77

37k+ ratings

💭 Cartesian Philosophy 🤔 Epistemology ❓ Radical Skepticism

Being And Event

by Alain Badiou • 1988

Set theory is the science of being itself, and the One is nowhere in it.

4.01

1k+

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 🔍 Ontology 📐 Philosophy Of Mathematics

Being And Event 91%

Set theory is the science of being itself, and the One is nowhere in it.

by Alain Badiou 1988

4.01

1k+ ratings

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 🔍 Ontology 📐 Philosophy Of Mathematics

Ethics

by Baruch Spinoza • 1677

God and nature are one; free will, an illusion. Freedom is grasping the causes that move you.

4.10

22k+

📐 Rationalist Philosophy 🌌 Pantheism 🔗 Determinism

Ethics 91%

God and nature are one; free will, an illusion. Freedom is grasping the causes that move you.

by Baruch Spinoza 1677

4.10

22k+ ratings

📐 Rationalist Philosophy 🌌 Pantheism 🔗 Determinism

Writing and Difference

by Jacques Derrida • 1967

Structuralism loved the architecture of texts. One philosopher asked where the energy went.

4.00

8k+

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 📜 Literary Theory ✍️ Philosophy Of Writing

Writing and Difference 90%

Structuralism loved the architecture of texts. One philosopher asked where the energy went.

by Jacques Derrida 1967

4.00

8k+ ratings

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 📜 Literary Theory ✍️ Philosophy Of Writing

Less Than Nothing

by Slavoj Žižek • 2012

Reality is a hole in nothingness, propped up by fictions, and Hegel's dialectic is the map.

4.17

650

🧠 Continental Philosophy 🏛️ Political Philosophy ⚛️ Philosophy Of Science

Less Than Nothing 90%

Reality is a hole in nothingness, propped up by fictions, and Hegel's dialectic is the map.

by Slavoj Žižek 2012

4.17

650 ratings

🧠 Continental Philosophy 🏛️ Political Philosophy ⚛️ Philosophy Of Science

Principles of Human Knowledge / Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous

by George Berkeley • 1988

Tables vanish when you look away, but God keeps watching. A bishop's case against matter.

3.83

1k+

📜 Early Modern Philosophy 🇬🇧 British Empiricism 💡 Idealism

Principles of Human Knowledge / Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous Summary

Principles of Human Knowledge / Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous 90%

Tables vanish when you look away, but God keeps watching. A bishop's case against matter.

by George Berkeley 1988

3.83

1k+ ratings

📜 Early Modern Philosophy 🇬🇧 British Empiricism 💡 Idealism

Introduction to Phenomenology

by Robert Sokolowski • 1999

Consciousness is always reaching toward the world; phenomenology maps the structures of that reach.

4.03

541

🌀 Phenomenology 🧠 Consciousness Studies 📜 Continental Philosophy

Introduction to Phenomenology 90%

Consciousness is always reaching toward the world; phenomenology maps the structures of that reach.

by Robert Sokolowski 1999

4.03

541 ratings

🌀 Phenomenology 🧠 Consciousness Studies 📜 Continental Philosophy

Fearless

by Max Lucado • 2009

Ten philosophers, ten arguments that still govern how we think about truth, justice, and ourselves.

4.16

13k+

🏛️ Western Philosophy 🗳️ Political Philosophy 📚 Philosophy Primer

Fearless 90%

Ten philosophers, ten arguments that still govern how we think about truth, justice, and ourselves.

by Max Lucado 2009

4.16

13k+ ratings

🏛️ Western Philosophy 🗳️ Political Philosophy 📚 Philosophy Primer

Phenomenology

by Dan Zahavi • 2008

Consciousness is an openness, not a container. An introduction to phenomenology.

4.15

303

🗺️ Continental Philosophy 🧠 Philosophy Of Mind 🔬 Phenomenological Method

Phenomenology 90%

Consciousness is an openness, not a container. An introduction to phenomenology.

by Dan Zahavi 2008

4.15

303 ratings

🗺️ Continental Philosophy 🧠 Philosophy Of Mind 🔬 Phenomenological Method

What Is Existentialism?

by Simone de Beauvoir • 1944

No fixed nature, no cosmic plan, no excuses: what existentialism actually says about being human.

3.91

2k+

🔓 Existentialism 📚 Continental Philosophy 🇫🇷 French Philosophy

What Is Existentialism? 90%

No fixed nature, no cosmic plan, no excuses: what existentialism actually says about being human.

by Simone de Beauvoir 1944

3.91

2k+ ratings

🔓 Existentialism 📚 Continental Philosophy 🇫🇷 French Philosophy

The Order of Things

by Michel Foucault • 1966

Thought is governed by hidden rules that have collapsed twice. 'Man' was their latest product.

4.12

10k+

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 📜 Intellectual History 🔍 Epistemology

The Order of Things 90%

Thought is governed by hidden rules that have collapsed twice. 'Man' was their latest product.

by Michel Foucault 1966

4.12

10k+ ratings

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 📜 Intellectual History 🔍 Epistemology

The Logic of Sense

by Gilles Deleuze • 1969

Sense is not a thing but an event, a surface effect where language meets the world.

4.29

1k+

🧩 Post-Structuralism 💬 Philosophy Of Language 🏛️ Stoic Logic

The Logic of Sense 90%

Sense is not a thing but an event, a surface effect where language meets the world.

by Gilles Deleuze 1969

4.29

1k+ ratings

🧩 Post-Structuralism 💬 Philosophy Of Language 🏛️ Stoic Logic

Being and Nothingness

by Jean-Paul Sartre • 1943

Consciousness is a hole in being. What pours through is freedom, and it terrifies us.

3.99

35k+

🖤 Existentialism 🔍 Phenomenology 🏛️ Ontology

Being and Nothingness 90%

Consciousness is a hole in being. What pours through is freedom, and it terrifies us.

by Jean-Paul Sartre 1943

3.99

35k+ ratings

🖤 Existentialism 🔍 Phenomenology 🏛️ Ontology

Jacques Derrida

by Christopher Watkin • 2017

Deconstruction: meaning never settles. This book argues the Trinity says why, and what comes next.

4.36

🏛️ Continental Philosophy ⛪ Philosophical Theology 📚 Poststructuralism

Jacques Derrida 90%

Deconstruction: meaning never settles. This book argues the Trinity says why, and what comes next.

by Christopher Watkin 2017

4.36

44 ratings

🏛️ Continental Philosophy ⛪ Philosophical Theology 📚 Poststructuralism

Knowledge

by Jennifer Nagel • 2014

A concise tour of what it means to know, from Descartes's demon to the broken clock.

3.85

1k+

🧠 Epistemology 📝 Analytic Philosophy 🎯 Cognitive Biases

Knowledge 90%

A concise tour of what it means to know, from Descartes's demon to the broken clock.

by Jennifer Nagel 2014

3.85

1k+ ratings

🧠 Epistemology 📝 Analytic Philosophy 🎯 Cognitive Biases

A Methodology of Possession

by James Ellis • 2020

Enlightenment as possession: a philosopher's ritual journey beyond self, time, and the human.

3.62

🏛️ Continental Philosophy ⏩ Accelerationism 🔮 Occult Philosophy

A Methodology of Possession 90%

Enlightenment as possession: a philosopher's ritual journey beyond self, time, and the human.

by James Ellis 2020

3.62

81 ratings

🏛️ Continental Philosophy ⏩ Accelerationism 🔮 Occult Philosophy

Prometheus and Atlas

by Jason Reza Jorjani • 2016

Paranormal abilities are real, and Western civilization depends on suppressing that.

4.09

127

🧠 Continental Philosophy 🔮 Esoteric Philosophy 👻 Paranormal Phenomena

Prometheus and Atlas 90%

Paranormal abilities are real, and Western civilization depends on suppressing that.

by Jason Reza Jorjani 2016

4.09

127 ratings

🧠 Continental Philosophy 🔮 Esoteric Philosophy 👻 Paranormal Phenomena

A Thousand Plateaus

by Gilles Deleuze • 1980

All of Western thought is a tree. Two French philosophers found the off-switch: the root network.

4.33

7k+

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 🧩 Post-Structuralism 🇫🇷 French Theory

A Thousand Plateaus 90%

All of Western thought is a tree. Two French philosophers found the off-switch: the root network.

by Gilles Deleuze 1980

4.33

7k+ ratings

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 🧩 Post-Structuralism 🇫🇷 French Theory

Freedom and Neurobiology

by John Rogers Searle • 2005

Free will is a biological fact, and political power rests on what we collectively agree to accept.

3.56

246

🧠 Philosophy Of Mind 🏛️ Social Construction 🕊️ Free Will

Freedom and Neurobiology 89%

Free will is a biological fact, and political power rests on what we collectively agree to accept.

by John Rogers Searle 2005

3.56

246 ratings

🧠 Philosophy Of Mind 🏛️ Social Construction 🕊️ Free Will

The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity

by Jürgen Habermas • 1985

Western philosophy bet everything on the individual knower. From Hegel onward, the bet kept losing.

3.90

1k+

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 📖 German Idealism 🏭 Frankfurt School

The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity Summary

The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity 89%

Western philosophy bet everything on the individual knower. From Hegel onward, the bet kept losing.

by Jürgen Habermas 1985

3.90

1k+ ratings

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 📖 German Idealism 🏭 Frankfurt School

Objectivism

by Leonard Peikoff • 1991

Reality comes first, reason is mandatory, and your life is the moral standard. The complete chain.

3.77

5k+

🧠 Rational Self-Interest 🏛️ Systematic Philosophy 📐 Axiomatic Reasoning

Objectivism 89%

Reality comes first, reason is mandatory, and your life is the moral standard. The complete chain.

by Leonard Peikoff 1991

3.77

5k+ ratings

🧠 Rational Self-Interest 🏛️ Systematic Philosophy 📐 Axiomatic Reasoning

Flatline Constructs

by Mark Fisher • 2018

Reality flatlined into the undead where cybernetics, gothic horror, and theory-as-fiction converge.

4.13

345

📖 Critical Theory 🧠 Continental Philosophy 🤖 Cybernetic Systems

Flatline Constructs 89%

Reality flatlined into the undead where cybernetics, gothic horror, and theory-as-fiction converge.

by Mark Fisher 2018

4.13

345 ratings

📖 Critical Theory 🧠 Continental Philosophy 🤖 Cybernetic Systems

Hyperreality

by Mike Hockney • 2012

Reality is a self-solving mathematical equation, and God is the answer, not the author.

4.61

🔢 Mathematical Platonism 🕯️ Esoteric Philosophy ⚛️ Quantum Consciousness

Hyperreality 89%

Reality is a self-solving mathematical equation, and God is the answer, not the author.

by Mike Hockney 2012

4.61

56 ratings

🔢 Mathematical Platonism 🕯️ Esoteric Philosophy ⚛️ Quantum Consciousness

The Philosophy of the Enlightenment

by Ernst Cassirer • 1932

The Enlightenment remade reason: not a storehouse of truths, but a way of discovering them.

4.11

258

💡 Intellectual History 🌅 Enlightenment Studies 🏛️ Western Philosophy

The Philosophy of the Enlightenment Summary

The Philosophy of the Enlightenment 89%

The Enlightenment remade reason: not a storehouse of truths, but a way of discovering them.

by Ernst Cassirer 1932

4.11

258 ratings

💡 Intellectual History 🌅 Enlightenment Studies 🏛️ Western Philosophy

Totality and Infinity

by Emmanuel Levinas • 1961

Knowledge grasps at everything. The human face resists, demanding something older than philosophy.

4.21

2k+

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 🔍 Phenomenology ✡️ Jewish Philosophy

Totality and Infinity 89%

Knowledge grasps at everything. The human face resists, demanding something older than philosophy.

by Emmanuel Levinas 1961

4.21

2k+ ratings

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 🔍 Phenomenology ✡️ Jewish Philosophy

Phenomenology of Spirit

by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel • 1807

Truth is the whole journey. Every stage consciousness passes through is both wrong and necessary.

3.97

21k+

🏛️ German Idealism 🔄 Dialectical Method 👁️ Consciousness Studies

Phenomenology of Spirit 89%

Truth is the whole journey. Every stage consciousness passes through is both wrong and necessary.

by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1807

3.97

21k+ ratings

🏛️ German Idealism 🔄 Dialectical Method 👁️ Consciousness Studies

Think

by Simon Blackburn • 1999

Your concepts are a house you never inspected. Philosophy walks you through the foundation.

3.73

5k+

📚 Western Philosophy 📖 Introductory Philosophy 💭 Thought Experiments

Think 89%

Your concepts are a house you never inspected. Philosophy walks you through the foundation.

by Simon Blackburn 1999

3.73

5k+ ratings

📚 Western Philosophy 📖 Introductory Philosophy 💭 Thought Experiments

Soul Machine

by George Makari • 2015

Science couldn't find the soul. So early modern Europe invented the mind to take its place.

3.82

157

🧠 Intellectual History 🧪 History Of Psychology 💭 Philosophy Of Mind

Soul Machine 89%

Science couldn't find the soul. So early modern Europe invented the mind to take its place.

by George Makari 2015

3.82

157 ratings

🧠 Intellectual History 🧪 History Of Psychology 💭 Philosophy Of Mind

50 Philosophy Ideas You Really Need to Know

by Ben Dupré • 2007

Fifty essential philosophy ideas, each in minutes: from radical doubt to the problem of evil.

3.70

2k+

🏛️ Western Philosophy 📚 Philosophy Primers 🤔 Epistemology

50 Philosophy Ideas You Really Need to Know Summary

50 Philosophy Ideas You Really Need to Know 89%

Fifty essential philosophy ideas, each in minutes: from radical doubt to the problem of evil.

by Ben Dupré 2007

3.70

2k+ ratings

🏛️ Western Philosophy 📚 Philosophy Primers 🤔 Epistemology

The Last Man Who Knew Everything

by Mike Hockney • 2012

The universe is math, not matter, and your mind is a zero with infinite potential.

4.46

🌌 Mathematical Platonism 🧠 Panpsychism 🕯️ Esoteric Philosophy

The Last Man Who Knew Everything Summary

The Last Man Who Knew Everything 89%

The universe is math, not matter, and your mind is a zero with infinite potential.

by Mike Hockney 2012

4.46

90 ratings

🌌 Mathematical Platonism 🧠 Panpsychism 🕯️ Esoteric Philosophy

A Book Forged in Hell

by Steven Nadler • 2011

Spinoza's 1670 treatise denied miracles, called the Bible man-made, and made free thought sacred.

3.99

1k+

🏛️ Early Modern Philosophy 📖 Biblical Criticism ⚖️ Political Philosophy

A Book Forged in Hell 89%

Spinoza's 1670 treatise denied miracles, called the Bible man-made, and made free thought sacred.

by Steven Nadler 2011

3.99

1k+ ratings

🏛️ Early Modern Philosophy 📖 Biblical Criticism ⚖️ Political Philosophy

Truth and Method

by Hans-Georg Gadamer • 1960

Understanding is an event language and tradition perform through you, not a method you apply.

4.17

4k+

📖 Hermeneutics 🧠 Phenomenology 🎨 Aesthetics

Truth and Method 89%

Understanding is an event language and tradition perform through you, not a method you apply.

by Hans-Georg Gadamer 1960

4.17

4k+ ratings

📖 Hermeneutics 🧠 Phenomenology 🎨 Aesthetics

I am Not a Brain

by Markus Gabriel • 2017

Neuroscience keeps looking for the self inside the skull. The real thing lives between people.

3.49

233

🧠 Philosophy Of Mind 📜 German Idealism 🔓 Free Will Debate

I am Not a Brain 89%

Neuroscience keeps looking for the self inside the skull. The real thing lives between people.

by Markus Gabriel 2017

3.49

233 ratings

🧠 Philosophy Of Mind 📜 German Idealism 🔓 Free Will Debate

Heidegger

by Michael Watts • 2014

Heidegger demystified: the freedom found in facing death, and the worldview technology imposes.

4.40

143

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 🔍 Phenomenology 📖 Introductory Philosophy

Heidegger 89%

Heidegger demystified: the freedom found in facing death, and the worldview technology imposes.

by Michael Watts 2014

4.40

143 ratings

🏛️ Continental Philosophy 🔍 Phenomenology 📖 Introductory Philosophy

Philosophy

by Nigel Warburton • 1995

Philosophy without the jargon: the big questions, and how to think them through.

3.84

3k+

🏛️ Western Philosophy ⚖️ Ethical Theories 🗳️ Political Philosophy

Philosophy 89%

Philosophy without the jargon: the big questions, and how to think them through.

by Nigel Warburton 1995

3.84

3k+ ratings

🏛️ Western Philosophy ⚖️ Ethical Theories 🗳️ Political Philosophy

Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous

by George Berkeley • 1713

Matter is a useless hypothesis. Two men argue, and by the end, the physical world vanishes.

3.74

2k+

🤔 Epistemology 🌌 Metaphysics 💡 Idealism

Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous Summary

Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous 89%

Matter is a useless hypothesis. Two men argue, and by the end, the physical world vanishes.

by George Berkeley 1713

3.74

2k+ ratings

🤔 Epistemology 🌌 Metaphysics 💡 Idealism

Slavoj Zizek

by Tony Myers • 2003

Your cynicism isn't rebellion. According to Žižek, it's the purest form of ideology.

3.82

266

🧠 Continental Philosophy 📖 Critical Theory 🛋️ Lacanian Psychoanalysis

Slavoj Zizek 89%

Your cynicism isn't rebellion. According to Žižek, it's the purest form of ideology.

by Tony Myers 2003

3.82

266 ratings

🧠 Continental Philosophy 📖 Critical Theory 🛋️ Lacanian Psychoanalysis

Hegel

by Peter Singer • 1983

Mind, not matter, drives reality. History is freedom waking up. Hegel explained why.

3.86

3k+

🧠 German Idealism ⚙️ Dialectical Method 🕰️ Philosophy Of History

Hegel 89%

Mind, not matter, drives reality. History is freedom waking up. Hegel explained why.

by Peter Singer 1983

3.86

3k+ ratings

🧠 German Idealism ⚙️ Dialectical Method 🕰️ Philosophy Of History

The Problems of Philosophy

by Bertrand Russell • 1912

Your senses are private. Matter is an inference. Timeless universals hold the rest.

3.90

19k+

💡 Epistemology 🧠 Philosophy Of Mind 🏛️ Metaphysics

The Problems of Philosophy 89%

Your senses are private. Matter is an inference. Timeless universals hold the rest.

by Bertrand Russell 1912

3.90

19k+ ratings

💡 Epistemology 🧠 Philosophy Of Mind 🏛️ Metaphysics

Metaphysics

by Michael J. Loux • 1997

From universals to time: the central problems of metaphysics, mapped for the first-time student.

3.93

354

🧱 Analytical Metaphysics 🏷️ Ontology 🎓 Analytic Philosophy

Metaphysics 89%

From universals to time: the central problems of metaphysics, mapped for the first-time student.

by Michael J. Loux 1997

3.93

354 ratings

🧱 Analytical Metaphysics 🏷️ Ontology 🎓 Analytic Philosophy

Fanged Noumena

by Nick Land • 2011

The future is a virus that has already infected the present. The host will not survive.

3.85

1k+

📈 Accelerationism 🏛️ Continental Philosophy 🔄 Deleuzian Philosophy

Fanged Noumena 89%

The future is a virus that has already infected the present. The host will not survive.

by Nick Land 2011

3.85

1k+ ratings

📈 Accelerationism 🏛️ Continental Philosophy 🔄 Deleuzian Philosophy

In Praise of Risk

by Anne Dufourmantelle • 2011

To avoid risk is to refuse life. A philosopher's argument for love, beauty, and freedom.

4.12

613

🧠 Continental Philosophy 🛋️ Psychoanalytic Thought ✍️ Essay Collections

In Praise of Risk 89%

To avoid risk is to refuse life. A philosopher's argument for love, beauty, and freedom.

by Anne Dufourmantelle 2011

4.12

613 ratings

🧠 Continental Philosophy 🛋️ Psychoanalytic Thought ✍️ Essay Collections

A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge

by George Berkeley • 1710

Things exist only while perceived. So what keeps the universe intact when no one is watching?

3.71

3k+

🔮 Idealism 🇬🇧 British Empiricism 🌌 Metaphysics

A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge Summary

A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge 89%

Things exist only while perceived. So what keeps the universe intact when no one is watching?

by George Berkeley 1710

3.71

3k+ ratings

🔮 Idealism 🇬🇧 British Empiricism 🌌 Metaphysics

Dialogism

by Michael Holquist • 1990

All speech answers prior speech, all selves depend on others: the dialogic philosophy of Bakhtin.

4.09

📖 Literary Theory 💬 Philosophy Of Language 👥 Intersubjectivity

Dialogism 89%

All speech answers prior speech, all selves depend on others: the dialogic philosophy of Bakhtin.

by Michael Holquist 1990

4.09

88 ratings

📖 Literary Theory 💬 Philosophy Of Language 👥 Intersubjectivity

The Philosophy of 'as If '

by Hans Vaihinger • 1911

Thought runs on conscious falsehoods: the harder the contradiction, the sharper the tool.

4.00

🏛️ Neo-Kantianism 🔬 Philosophy Of Science 📚 Epistemology

The Philosophy of 'as If ' 89%

Thought runs on conscious falsehoods: the harder the contradiction, the sharper the tool.

by Hans Vaihinger 1911

4.00

72 ratings

🏛️ Neo-Kantianism 🔬 Philosophy Of Science 📚 Epistemology

Doing Philosophy

by Timothy Williamson • 2018

Philosophy is a science that tests ideas with thought experiments, and the best explanation wins.

3.67

213

🛠️ Philosophical Methodology 🔍 Analytic Philosophy 🧪 Thought Experiments

Doing Philosophy 89%

Philosophy is a science that tests ideas with thought experiments, and the best explanation wins.

by Timothy Williamson 2018

3.67

213 ratings

🛠️ Philosophical Methodology 🔍 Analytic Philosophy 🧪 Thought Experiments

The Ethics of Ambiguity

by Simone de Beauvoir • 1947

Freedom is never just your own: the only genuine ethics is to will it for everyone.

4.17

8k+

🧭 Existentialist Ethics 🌍 Continental Philosophy 🔓 Radical Freedom

The Ethics of Ambiguity 89%

Freedom is never just your own: the only genuine ethics is to will it for everyone.

by Simone de Beauvoir 1947

4.17

8k+ ratings

🧭 Existentialist Ethics 🌍 Continental Philosophy 🔓 Radical Freedom

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