重点摘要
1. 可用性测试至关重要且比你想象的更简单
与其不做测试,哪怕只测试一个用户也要好100%。
为什么要测试? 可用性测试对于改进网站和应用程序至关重要。它涉及观察人们尝试使用你正在创建的东西,目的是使其更易于使用或证明它易于使用。这个过程比大多数人想象的要简单,并且可以用最少的资源有效地完成。
如何测试: 基本过程包括:
- 招募参与者
- 创建他们要执行的任务
- 观察他们的行为并听取他们的想法
- 分析结果并进行改进
不要被表面上的复杂性或成本吓倒。即使是非正式的小规模测试也能提供有价值的见解,并显著改善用户体验。
2. 尽早开始测试并经常进行,每轮只需三名用户
目的不是证明什么,而是获取能够改进你所构建内容的见解。
尽早且频繁: 一旦有东西可以展示,就开始测试,即使只是粗略的草图或线框图。定期进行测试,理想情况下每月一次,以便在整个开发过程中不断改进产品。
每轮三名用户: 这种方法可以让你:
- 快速识别主要的可用性问题
- 保持过程可管理且成本效益高
- 更频繁地迭代和改进
通过每轮测试仅三名用户,你可以发现大多数重要问题,而不会让团队或预算不堪重负。记住,频繁地进行少量用户测试比进行大规模、间歇性的研究更好。
3. 宽松招募并专注于观察用户行为
宽松招募并按曲线评分。
灵活招募: 不要过分纠结于找到与你目标受众完全匹配的参与者。大多数可用性问题几乎可以通过任何人识别,有时外部人士可以提供有价值的新鲜视角。
专注于行为: 关键是观察人们如何与产品互动,而不是收集意见或人口统计数据。注意:
- 用户在哪里挣扎或困惑
- 他们忽略或误解了什么
- 他们如何导航和做出决策
记住,你是在测试产品,而不是用户。要有同理心,让参与者感到舒适,以确保测试期间的行为真实自然。
4. 为测试创建现实的任务和场景
如果你要观察人们尝试使用你构建的东西,你必须给他们一些任务去做。
任务选择: 选择那些:
- 对产品成功至关重要
- 可能揭示可用性问题
- 代表现实世界使用情况的任务
场景创建: 开发清晰、简洁的场景,提供背景而不透露解决方案。避免使用界面中出现的特定词语或短语,因为这会将任务变成简单的词语查找练习。
示例任务:“你想预订下个月去纽约的航班。找到合适的选项并开始预订过程。”
通过创建现实的任务和场景,你将获得更准确的见解,了解用户在现实世界中如何与产品互动。
5. 通过鼓励用户大声思考来促进测试
观察他们使用产品并听取他们在使用时的想法,可以让你通过他人的眼睛(和思维)看到你的网站。
大声思考协议: 鼓励参与者在使用产品时口头表达他们的想法、行动和感受。这提供了他们决策过程和心理模型的宝贵见解。
有效促进的技巧:
- 提醒用户在整个测试过程中大声思考
- 提问开放性问题以促使更详细的回应
- 避免引导性问题或提供提示
- 保持中立的语气和肢体语言
通过掌握促进的艺术,你将能够从每次测试中提取更多有用的信息,并更深入地了解用户的体验。
6. 让整个团队参与观察和总结
眼见为实。
团队观察: 鼓励所有团队成员,包括设计师、开发人员、经理和利益相关者,观察测试会话。这创造了对用户需求和挑战的共同理解。
团队参与的好处:
- 培养对用户的同理心
- 减少对二手信息的依赖
- 促进以用户为中心的设计文化
有效总结: 在测试后立即举行总结会议,以:
- 识别最关键的问题
- 优先处理需要解决的问题
- 头脑风暴潜在解决方案
通过让整个团队参与测试过程,你将增加对以用户为中心设计的认同,并确保见解迅速转化为可操作的改进。
7. 以最小的努力解决最关键的问题
专注于首先解决最严重的问题。
无情地优先排序: 集中精力解决影响最大用户的最严重的可用性问题。抵制处理小问题或实施完美解决方案的诱惑。
高效解决问题的策略:
- 调整而非重新设计:进行小的、有针对性的更改,而不是彻底改造整个部分
- 先移除再添加:通常,简化或移除元素比添加新功能更能有效解决问题
- 实施快速修复:不要等待重大重新设计来解决关键问题
通过专注于高影响、低成本的解决方案,你将显著改善产品的可用性,而不会陷入完美主义或范围蔓延的困境。
8. 远程测试提供便利和灵活性
总的来说,我认为远程测试能提供大约80%的现场测试效果,但只需70%的努力。
远程测试的好处:
- 更容易招募参与者
- 无需旅行
- 灵活的时间安排
- 与面对面测试相似的结果
注意事项:
- 对测试环境的控制稍弱
- 可能出现技术问题
- 非语言交流较少
远程测试工具:
- 屏幕共享软件(如GoToMeeting)
- 视频会议平台
- 专门的远程可用性测试服务(如UserTesting.com)
虽然远程测试可能无法完全复制面对面的体验,但它提供了一种方便且具有成本效益的替代方案,尤其是在地理或后勤限制使面对面测试具有挑战性时。
最后更新日期:
FAQ
What's "Rocket Surgery Made Easy" about?
- DIY Usability Testing: "Rocket Surgery Made Easy" by Steve Krug is a guide to conducting do-it-yourself usability testing. It aims to help individuals and organizations find and fix usability problems in their products.
- Practical Approach: The book provides a practical, step-by-step approach to usability testing, emphasizing simplicity and effectiveness over complexity.
- Focus on Fixing Problems: Unlike other books that focus solely on identifying usability issues, this book also covers how to prioritize and fix these problems.
Why should I read "Rocket Surgery Made Easy"?
- Improve Usability Skills: It equips you with the skills to conduct usability tests without needing to hire professionals, making it cost-effective.
- Actionable Advice: The book offers actionable advice that can be implemented immediately, making it suitable for both beginners and experienced practitioners.
- Enhance User Experience: By following the book's guidelines, you can significantly enhance the user experience of your website or product.
What are the key takeaways of "Rocket Surgery Made Easy"?
- Usability Testing is Essential: Regular usability testing is crucial for improving user experience and should be a routine part of the development process.
- Keep It Simple: Usability testing doesn't have to be complicated; even simple tests can yield valuable insights.
- Focus on Major Issues: Prioritize fixing the most serious usability problems first to make the most impact with limited resources.
How does Steve Krug define "Do-It-Yourself Usability Testing"?
- Qualitative Focus: DIY usability testing is qualitative, focusing on gaining insights rather than proving hypotheses.
- Informal and Flexible: It is informal and allows for flexibility, such as changing tasks mid-test if necessary.
- Observer Involvement: Involves team members observing the tests to gain firsthand insights into user behavior and issues.
What is the "A Morning a Month" plan in "Rocket Surgery Made Easy"?
- Monthly Testing Routine: The plan suggests conducting usability tests once a month, dedicating a morning to testing and debriefing.
- Three Users Per Session: Testing with three users is recommended to uncover significant usability issues without overwhelming the team.
- Focus on Simplicity: The plan emphasizes keeping the process simple to ensure it is sustainable and effective.
Who should be involved in usability testing according to Steve Krug?
- Diverse Observers: Involve a diverse group of stakeholders, including designers, developers, and managers, to observe the tests.
- Non-Target Users: While it's ideal to test with target users, testing with non-target users can also reveal valuable insights.
- Facilitator Role: The facilitator should guide the session, encouraging participants to think aloud without influencing their actions.
What are some common usability problems identified in "Rocket Surgery Made Easy"?
- Getting Off on the Wrong Foot: Users often start with incorrect assumptions, leading to confusion and errors.
- Failure to Notice: Important elements may go unnoticed due to subtle design cues or information overload.
- Navigation Issues: Users may struggle with navigation if the structure and labels are not intuitive.
How does Steve Krug suggest fixing usability problems?
- Tweak, Don't Redesign: Focus on making small, incremental changes rather than overhauling the entire design.
- Remove Clutter: Often, removing unnecessary elements can improve usability more than adding new features.
- Prioritize Fixes: Address the most critical issues first to maximize the impact of your efforts.
What is the "Think Aloud Protocol" in usability testing?
- Verbalize Thoughts: Participants are encouraged to verbalize their thoughts as they navigate the site, providing insights into their decision-making process.
- Facilitator's Role: The facilitator prompts participants to keep talking, ensuring a continuous flow of information.
- Reveals User Experience: This protocol helps reveal what users find confusing or intuitive, guiding design improvements.
What are the benefits of remote usability testing as described in "Rocket Surgery Made Easy"?
- Wider Participant Pool: Remote testing allows access to a broader range of participants, not limited by geography.
- Convenience and Flexibility: It is more convenient for participants and can be scheduled at flexible times.
- Comparable Results: Remote testing can yield results similar to in-person testing, though with some loss of control and richness.
What are the best quotes from "Rocket Surgery Made Easy" and what do they mean?
- "It's not rocket surgery™": This phrase emphasizes that usability testing is not as complex as it might seem and can be done by anyone with the right guidance.
- "A morning a month, that's all we ask": This quote highlights the simplicity and minimal time commitment required to conduct effective usability testing regularly.
- "The least you can do™": This suggests that even small changes can significantly improve usability, encouraging a focus on practical, incremental improvements.
How does "Rocket Surgery Made Easy" compare to Steve Krug's other book, "Don't Make Me Think"?
- Practical vs. Theoretical: While "Don't Make Me Think" focuses on usability principles and how to think about usability, "Rocket Surgery Made Easy" is a practical guide on how to conduct usability testing.
- Complementary Books: Both books complement each other, with "Don't Make Me Think" providing the foundational understanding and "Rocket Surgery Made Easy" offering the tools to apply that understanding.
- Focus on Action: "Rocket Surgery Made Easy" is more action-oriented, providing step-by-step instructions for implementing usability testing in real-world scenarios.
评论
《火箭手术变简单》被誉为一本简明实用的可用性测试指南。读者们欣赏克鲁格直截了当的写作风格和幽默感。书中提供了逐步指导、检查清单和进行有效测试的技巧,所需资源极少。尽管有些人认为内容基础或过时,但许多人认为它对初学者很有价值,并且是经验丰富的专业人士的便捷参考。批评者指出其侧重于传统测试方法,对远程测试的覆盖有限。总体而言,评论者推荐它作为可用性测试的快速、易懂的入门书籍。
Similar Books







