HBR's 10 Must Reads on Emotional Intelligence (with featured article "What Makes a Leader?" by Daniel Goleman)(HBR's 10 Must Reads)

1. Emotional intelligence is crucial for effective leadership

"IQ and technical skills are important, but emotional intelligence is the sine qua non of leadership."

Definition and importance. Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. It encompasses self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. In leadership, EI is more critical than technical skills or IQ for several reasons:

• It enables leaders to build strong relationships and inspire their teams
• It helps in navigating complex social dynamics and organizational politics
• It allows for better decision-making, especially in high-pressure situations
• It contributes to creating a positive work environment and culture

Research and impact. Studies have shown that leaders with high emotional intelligence:

• Outperform their peers in various business metrics
• Are more likely to be promoted and succeed in higher-level positions
• Create more engaged and productive teams
• Are better equipped to handle organizational change and challenges

2. Self-awareness is the foundation of emotional intelligence

"People with strong self-awareness are neither overly critical nor unrealistically hopeful. Rather, they are honest—with themselves and with others."

Understanding oneself. Self-awareness is the ability to recognize and understand one's own emotions, strengths, weaknesses, values, and impact on others. It forms the foundation of emotional intelligence because it enables leaders to:

• Identify their emotional triggers and reactions
• Recognize how their behavior affects others
• Make more informed decisions based on their values and goals
• Seek feedback and continuously improve

Developing self-awareness. Leaders can enhance their self-awareness through:

• Regular self-reflection and journaling
• Seeking honest feedback from peers, subordinates, and superiors
• Practicing mindfulness and meditation
• Engaging in personality assessments and 360-degree feedback processes

3. Self-regulation allows leaders to control their emotions

"Self-regulation, which is like an ongoing inner conversation, is the component of emotional intelligence that frees us from being prisoners of our feelings."

Emotional control. Self-regulation is the ability to manage and control one's emotions, particularly in challenging or stressful situations. It enables leaders to:

• Remain calm under pressure
• Think clearly and make rational decisions
• Adapt to changing circumstances
• Create a stable and positive work environment

Techniques for self-regulation. Leaders can improve their self-regulation by:

• Practicing deep breathing and other relaxation techniques
• Identifying and challenging negative thought patterns
• Developing healthy coping mechanisms for stress
• Creating a pause between emotional stimuli and responses
• Cultivating a growth mindset and viewing challenges as opportunities

4. Motivation drives leaders to achieve beyond expectations

"If there is one trait that virtually all effective leaders have, it is motivation. They are driven to achieve beyond expectations—their own and everyone else's."

Intrinsic drive. Motivation in the context of emotional intelligence refers to an intrinsic drive to achieve and excel. Motivated leaders:

• Set high standards for themselves and their teams
• Persist in the face of obstacles and setbacks
• Inspire and energize others through their passion
• Continuously seek opportunities for growth and improvement

Cultivating motivation. Leaders can enhance their motivation by:

• Clarifying their personal and professional values
• Setting challenging but achievable goals
• Celebrating small wins and milestones
• Surrounding themselves with other motivated individuals
• Regularly reflecting on their progress and adjusting their approach

5. Empathy enables leaders to understand and connect with others

"Empathy means thoughtfully considering employees' feelings—along with other factors—in the process of making intelligent decisions."

Emotional connection. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. It is crucial for leaders because it allows them to:

• Build trust and rapport with team members
• Understand diverse perspectives and experiences
• Make more informed and compassionate decisions
• Create a supportive and inclusive work environment

Developing empathy. Leaders can improve their empathy through:

• Active listening and giving full attention to others
• Practicing perspective-taking exercises
• Seeking out diverse experiences and interactions
• Showing genuine interest in others' lives and concerns
• Acknowledging and validating others' emotions

6. Social skills help leaders build and maintain relationships

"Social skill is friendliness with a purpose: moving people in the direction you desire, whether that's agreement on a new marketing strategy or enthusiasm about a new product."

Interpersonal effectiveness. Social skills encompass a range of abilities that enable leaders to interact effectively with others. These include:

• Communication: Clearly expressing ideas and actively listening to others
• Influence: Persuading and inspiring others to take action
• Conflict management: Resolving disagreements and finding win-win solutions
• Collaboration: Working effectively in teams and fostering cooperation
• Relationship building: Establishing and maintaining positive connections

Enhancing social skills. Leaders can improve their social skills by:

• Practicing active listening and empathetic communication
• Seeking opportunities for public speaking and presentations
• Engaging in networking events and professional associations
• Volunteering for cross-functional projects and team-building activities
• Soliciting feedback on their interpersonal interactions and adjusting accordingly

7. Emotional intelligence can be developed and improved

"Emotional intelligence can be learned. The process is not easy. It takes time and, most of all, commitment. But the benefits that come from having a well-developed emotional intelligence, both for the individual and for the organization, make it worth the effort."

Growth mindset. While some aspects of emotional intelligence may have a genetic component, it is largely a skill that can be developed and improved over time. This growth mindset is essential for leaders who want to enhance their EI.

Strategies for improvement. Leaders can develop their emotional intelligence through:

• Self-reflection and journaling to increase self-awareness
• Seeking regular feedback from diverse sources
• Practicing mindfulness and meditation to improve self-regulation
• Engaging in coaching or mentoring relationships
• Participating in emotional intelligence training programs
• Setting specific goals for improving each component of EI
• Regularly assessing progress and adjusting strategies as needed

8. Resilience is key to overcoming adversity in leadership

"Resilient people possess three defining characteristics: They coolly accept the harsh realities facing them. They find meaning in terrible times. And they have an uncanny ability to improvise, making do with whatever's at hand."

Bouncing back. Resilience is the ability to recover from setbacks, adapt to change, and keep going in the face of adversity. It is a crucial trait for leaders who must navigate complex and challenging business environments.

Building resilience. Leaders can enhance their resilience by:

• Developing a realistic and optimistic outlook
• Cultivating a strong support network
• Practicing self-care and stress management techniques
• Learning from failures and setbacks
• Focusing on what can be controlled and accepting what cannot
• Maintaining a sense of purpose and meaning in their work
• Developing problem-solving skills and creative thinking

9. Feedback is essential for growth and development

"For important decisions, we need a deliberate, structured way to identify likely sources of bias—those red flag conditions—and we need to strengthen the group decision-making process."

Continuous improvement. Feedback is a crucial tool for leaders to gain insight into their performance, blind spots, and areas for improvement. It helps in:

• Increasing self-awareness
• Identifying strengths and weaknesses
• Aligning behavior with organizational goals
• Fostering a culture of open communication and growth

Effective feedback processes. Leaders can create a culture of feedback by:

• Implementing regular 360-degree feedback processes
• Encouraging open and honest communication within teams
• Providing specific, actionable feedback to others
• Seeking feedback proactively and responding constructively
• Creating psychological safety for giving and receiving feedback
• Using feedback as a tool for development, not punishment

10. Incivility in the workplace has significant costs

"Nearly everybody who experiences workplace incivility responds in a negative way, in some cases overtly retaliating."

Hidden dangers. Workplace incivility, including rudeness, disrespect, and discourteous behavior, can have significant negative impacts on organizations:

• Decreased productivity and creativity
• Increased turnover and absenteeism
• Damaged customer relationships
• Higher levels of stress and burnout
• Reduced collaboration and teamwork

Promoting civility. Leaders can foster a more civil workplace by:

• Modeling respectful behavior and holding others accountable
• Establishing clear norms and expectations for civility
• Addressing incivility promptly and consistently
• Recognizing and rewarding civil behavior
• Providing training on emotional intelligence and interpersonal skills
• Creating channels for reporting and addressing incivility

11. Young leaders must balance ambition with emotional maturity

"At some point in a young manager's career, usually at the vice president level, raw talent and determined ambition become less important than the ability to influence and persuade."

Developmental challenge. Many young, high-potential leaders face a critical challenge: balancing their ambition and technical skills with the development of emotional intelligence and interpersonal effectiveness.

Strategies for growth. Organizations and young leaders can address this challenge by:

• Providing mentoring and coaching opportunities
• Offering stretch assignments that develop leadership skills
• Implementing robust feedback processes
• Encouraging self-reflection and personal development
• Balancing technical training with emotional intelligence development
• Creating leadership development programs that focus on EI
• Fostering a culture that values both performance and emotional maturity

Last updated: August 10, 2024